波、流及其共同作用下桩墩局部冲刷问题试验研究现状
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摘要
要研究波流共同作用下桩墩的基础冲刷问题,首先需要了解水流和波浪单独作用下桩墩冲刷的机理和特征。针对波、流及其共同作用下桩墩的局部冲刷问题,从流速、水深、桩径、波长、波高、相对底层流速、粒径和粒径级配等方面系统地简述了恒定流、波浪和波流作用下桩、墩局部冲刷的研究进展。根据实验资料比较了各家经典计算公式的计算结果发现我国规范65-1式计算值偏大,65-2式计算值偏小等结论。桩墩局部冲刷是一个复杂的过程,今后可以针对淤泥质海岸底床、粉沙质海岸底床、复杂桩群结构、物理模型比尺效应、非恒定水动力条件、复杂基础形式方面对波流作用下基础冲刷的最大冲刷深度、冲刷过程、冲刷范围进行研究,以弥补桩墩局部冲刷在这些方面的不足。
To evaluate the scour influence on the pile in wave and current combination conditions, a systematic review of foundation local scour is presented to display the effects of current speed, water depth, pile diameter, wave length, wave height, near-bed velocity parameter, grain diameter, gradation and some other factors. The calculation results of some classical formulas are compared with the experiments data, which show that the 65-1 in Chinese specification is rather overestimated, but the 65-2 is undervalued. The foundation scour process is complex definitely, and there are many problems need to be studied, such as the clay coast bed, silt coast bed, complex pile group, physical experiment scale effect, unsteady hydrodynamic environment, complex foundation configurations, the maximum scour depth, scour development process and range.
To evaluate the scour influence on the pile in wave and current combination conditions, a systematic review of foundation local scour is presented to display the effects of current speed, water depth, pile diameter, wave length, wave height, near-bed velocity parameter, grain diameter, gradation and some other factors. The calculation results of some classical formulas are compared with the experiments data, which show that the 65-1 in Chinese specification is rather overestimated, but the 65-2 is undervalued. The foundation scour process is complex definitely, and there are many problems need to be studied, such as the clay coast bed, silt coast bed, complex pile group, physical experiment scale effect, unsteady hydrodynamic environment, complex foundation configurations, the maximum scour depth, scour development process and range.
引文
Arneson L A,Zevenbergen L W,Lagasse P F,et al,2012.Evaluating scour at bridges Fith Edition.Colorado,USA:National Highway Institute.
Ansari S A,Kothyari U C,Ranga Raju K G,2002.Influence of cohesion on scour around bridge piers.Journal of Hydraulic Research,40(6):717-729.
Breusers H,Raudkivi A,1991.Scouring.Balkema,Rotterdam,Netherlands:Crc Press,61-99.
Briaud J L,Chen H C,Li Y,et al,2004.Pier and contraction scour in cohesive soils.Washington,D.C.,USA:Texas A&M University College Station,TX.
Chee R K W,1982.Live bed scour at bridge piers.Auckland,New Zealand:University of Auckland.
Chiew Y M,1984.Local Scour at bridge piers.Auckland,New Zealand:University of Auckland.
Debnath K,Chaudhuri S,2010.Laboratory experiments on local scour around cylinder for clay and clay-sand mixed beds.Engineering Geology,111(1-4):51-61.
Eadie R W,Herbich J B,1986.Scour about a single,cylindrical pile due to combined random waves and a current.In:Proc.20th international conference on coastal engineering.Taipei,Taiwan:ASCE,1858-1870.
Ettema R,1980.Scour at bridge piers.Auckland,New Zealand:University of Auckland.
Ettema R,Melville B W,Barkdoll B,1998.Scale effect in pier-scour experiments.Journal of hydraulic engineering,124(6):639-642.
Gudavalli S R,1997.Prediction model for scour rate around bridge piers in cohesive soil on the basis of flume tests.Texas,USA:Texas A&MUinversity.
Melville B W,1984.Live-bed Scour at Bridge Piers.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,110(9):1234-1247.
Melville B W,Sutherland A J,1998.Design Method for Local Scour at Bridge Piers.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,114(10):1210-1226.
Molinas A,Hosni M M,1999.Effects of gradation and cohesionon bridge scour.Volume 4:experimental study of scour circular piers incohesive soils.Colorado USA:U.S.Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration.
Prepernau U,Grüne J,Sparboom U,et al,2014.LARGE-SCALE MOD-EL STUDY ON SCOUR AROUND SLENDER MONOPILES IN-DUCED BY IRREGULAR WAVES Coastal Engineering(In 5 Volumes),2707-2716.
Qi W G,Gao F P,2014.Physical modeling of local scour development around a large-diameter monopile in combined waves and current.Coastal Engineering,83(83):72-81.
Rambabu M,Rao S N,Sundar V,2003.Current-induced scour around a vertical pile in cohesive soil.Ocean Engineering,30(7):893-920.
Sheppard D M,Gang Zhao,Budianto Ontowirjo,1995.Local Scour Near Single Piles in Steady Currents.ASCE Water Resources Engineering Conference,USA,371-376.
Sumer B M,Fredsoe J,Christiansen N,1992.Scour around a vertical pile in waves.Journal of Waterway,Port,Coastal and Ocean Engineering,117(1):15-31.
Sumer B M,Christiansen N,Fredsoe J,1997.The horseshoe vortex and vortex shedding around a vertical wall-mounted cylinder exposed to waves.Journal of Fluid Mechanics,332(332):41-70.
Sumer B M,Fredsoe J,2001.Scour around a pile in combined waves and current.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,127(5):403-411.
Sumer B M,Fredsoe J,2001.Wave scour around a large vertical circular cylinder.Journal of Waterway,Port,Coastal and Ocean Engineering,127(3):125-134.
Sumer B M,Fredsoe J,2002.The mechanics of scour in the marine environment.Singapore:World Scientific,11-12.
Wells D R,1970.Scour around a circular pile due to oscillatory wave motion.Texas A&M University.
Yasser E.Mostafa,2011.Scour around single pile and pile groups subjected to waves and currents.International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology,3(11):8160-8178.
Zanke U C E,Hsu T W,Roland A,et al,2011.Equilibrium scour depths around piles in noncohesive sediments under currents and waves.Coastal Engineering,58(10):986-991.
陈兵,邵学,韩丽华,等,2009.海洋立管的局部冲刷实验.沈阳工业大学学报,31(6):712-720.
陈国平,左其华,黄龙海,2004.波浪作用下大尺径圆柱周围局部冲刷.海洋工程,22(1):46-58.
陈海鸥,2002.波流共同作用下海床上直立大直径圆柱建筑物周围的局部冲刷研究.大连:大连理工大学.
东江隆夫,胜井秀博,1985.大直径圆柱周边の洗掘现象.海岸工学论文集,土木学会.
高学平,赵子丹,1991.直立堤前的冲刷形态及冲刷机理.海洋通报,10(6):61-67.
JTG C30-2015.中华人民共和国行业标准:公路工程水文勘测设计规范.北京:人民交通出版社.
李林普,张日向,2003.波流作用下大直径圆柱体基底周围最大冲刷深度预测.大连理大学学报,43(5):676-680.
梁发云,王琛,2014.桥墩基础局部冲刷防护技术的对比分析.结构工程师,(5):130-138.
黄建维,郭颖,1994.波浪作用下海上墩式建筑物周围局部冲刷的试验研究.海洋工程,12(4):30-41.
蒋焕章,1992.关于局部冲刷发展过程及其稳定时间的探讨.公路交通科技,9(3):40-46.
曲立清,周益人,杨进先,2006.波流共同作用下大型桥墩周围局部冲刷实验研究.水运工程,4(4):23-27.
王汝凯,1985.神仙沟(桩11)建油港的冲淤问题.海岸工程,4(2):32-37.
谢世楞,1982.直立式防波堤前的冲刷形态及其对防波堤整体稳定的影响.海洋学报:中文版,5(2):808-823.
袁春光,2017.海上风电基础最大冲刷深度研究.南京:河海大学.
张佰战,李付军,2004.桥墩局部冲刷计算研究.中国铁道科学,25(2):48-51.
周益人,陈国平,2007.不规则波作用下墩柱周围局部冲刷研究.泥沙研究,1(5):17-23.
周玉利,王亚玲,1999.桥墩局部冲刷深度的预测.西安公路交通大学学报,19(4):48-50.
Ansari S A,Kothyari U C,Ranga Raju K G,2002.Influence of cohesion on scour around bridge piers.Journal of Hydraulic Research,40(6):717-729.
Breusers H,Raudkivi A,1991.Scouring.Balkema,Rotterdam,Netherlands:Crc Press,61-99.
Briaud J L,Chen H C,Li Y,et al,2004.Pier and contraction scour in cohesive soils.Washington,D.C.,USA:Texas A&M University College Station,TX.
Chee R K W,1982.Live bed scour at bridge piers.Auckland,New Zealand:University of Auckland.
Chiew Y M,1984.Local Scour at bridge piers.Auckland,New Zealand:University of Auckland.
Debnath K,Chaudhuri S,2010.Laboratory experiments on local scour around cylinder for clay and clay-sand mixed beds.Engineering Geology,111(1-4):51-61.
Eadie R W,Herbich J B,1986.Scour about a single,cylindrical pile due to combined random waves and a current.In:Proc.20th international conference on coastal engineering.Taipei,Taiwan:ASCE,1858-1870.
Ettema R,1980.Scour at bridge piers.Auckland,New Zealand:University of Auckland.
Ettema R,Melville B W,Barkdoll B,1998.Scale effect in pier-scour experiments.Journal of hydraulic engineering,124(6):639-642.
Gudavalli S R,1997.Prediction model for scour rate around bridge piers in cohesive soil on the basis of flume tests.Texas,USA:Texas A&MUinversity.
Melville B W,1984.Live-bed Scour at Bridge Piers.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,110(9):1234-1247.
Melville B W,Sutherland A J,1998.Design Method for Local Scour at Bridge Piers.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,114(10):1210-1226.
Molinas A,Hosni M M,1999.Effects of gradation and cohesionon bridge scour.Volume 4:experimental study of scour circular piers incohesive soils.Colorado USA:U.S.Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration.
Prepernau U,Grüne J,Sparboom U,et al,2014.LARGE-SCALE MOD-EL STUDY ON SCOUR AROUND SLENDER MONOPILES IN-DUCED BY IRREGULAR WAVES Coastal Engineering(In 5 Volumes),2707-2716.
Qi W G,Gao F P,2014.Physical modeling of local scour development around a large-diameter monopile in combined waves and current.Coastal Engineering,83(83):72-81.
Rambabu M,Rao S N,Sundar V,2003.Current-induced scour around a vertical pile in cohesive soil.Ocean Engineering,30(7):893-920.
Sheppard D M,Gang Zhao,Budianto Ontowirjo,1995.Local Scour Near Single Piles in Steady Currents.ASCE Water Resources Engineering Conference,USA,371-376.
Sumer B M,Fredsoe J,Christiansen N,1992.Scour around a vertical pile in waves.Journal of Waterway,Port,Coastal and Ocean Engineering,117(1):15-31.
Sumer B M,Christiansen N,Fredsoe J,1997.The horseshoe vortex and vortex shedding around a vertical wall-mounted cylinder exposed to waves.Journal of Fluid Mechanics,332(332):41-70.
Sumer B M,Fredsoe J,2001.Scour around a pile in combined waves and current.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,127(5):403-411.
Sumer B M,Fredsoe J,2001.Wave scour around a large vertical circular cylinder.Journal of Waterway,Port,Coastal and Ocean Engineering,127(3):125-134.
Sumer B M,Fredsoe J,2002.The mechanics of scour in the marine environment.Singapore:World Scientific,11-12.
Wells D R,1970.Scour around a circular pile due to oscillatory wave motion.Texas A&M University.
Yasser E.Mostafa,2011.Scour around single pile and pile groups subjected to waves and currents.International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology,3(11):8160-8178.
Zanke U C E,Hsu T W,Roland A,et al,2011.Equilibrium scour depths around piles in noncohesive sediments under currents and waves.Coastal Engineering,58(10):986-991.
陈兵,邵学,韩丽华,等,2009.海洋立管的局部冲刷实验.沈阳工业大学学报,31(6):712-720.
陈国平,左其华,黄龙海,2004.波浪作用下大尺径圆柱周围局部冲刷.海洋工程,22(1):46-58.
陈海鸥,2002.波流共同作用下海床上直立大直径圆柱建筑物周围的局部冲刷研究.大连:大连理工大学.
东江隆夫,胜井秀博,1985.大直径圆柱周边の洗掘现象.海岸工学论文集,土木学会.
高学平,赵子丹,1991.直立堤前的冲刷形态及冲刷机理.海洋通报,10(6):61-67.
JTG C30-2015.中华人民共和国行业标准:公路工程水文勘测设计规范.北京:人民交通出版社.
李林普,张日向,2003.波流作用下大直径圆柱体基底周围最大冲刷深度预测.大连理大学学报,43(5):676-680.
梁发云,王琛,2014.桥墩基础局部冲刷防护技术的对比分析.结构工程师,(5):130-138.
黄建维,郭颖,1994.波浪作用下海上墩式建筑物周围局部冲刷的试验研究.海洋工程,12(4):30-41.
蒋焕章,1992.关于局部冲刷发展过程及其稳定时间的探讨.公路交通科技,9(3):40-46.
曲立清,周益人,杨进先,2006.波流共同作用下大型桥墩周围局部冲刷实验研究.水运工程,4(4):23-27.
王汝凯,1985.神仙沟(桩11)建油港的冲淤问题.海岸工程,4(2):32-37.
谢世楞,1982.直立式防波堤前的冲刷形态及其对防波堤整体稳定的影响.海洋学报:中文版,5(2):808-823.
袁春光,2017.海上风电基础最大冲刷深度研究.南京:河海大学.
张佰战,李付军,2004.桥墩局部冲刷计算研究.中国铁道科学,25(2):48-51.
周益人,陈国平,2007.不规则波作用下墩柱周围局部冲刷研究.泥沙研究,1(5):17-23.
周玉利,王亚玲,1999.桥墩局部冲刷深度的预测.西安公路交通大学学报,19(4):48-50.