ZK60和ZK60-1.0Er镁合金热压缩变形和加工图
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摘要
采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机对ZK60和ZK60-1.0Er镁合金进行了热压缩实验,分析了合金在温度为160~420℃,应变速率为0.0001~1.0s-1条件下的流变应力变化特征。结果表明:两种镁合金在热压缩过程中的流变应力随变形温度的降低和应变速率的升高而增加,在流变应力达到峰值后随即进入稳态流变;稀土Er的加入使得平均变形激活能珚Q值由183kJ/mol降到153kJ/mol,应力指数n值由6提高到8;发生动态再结晶的临界应力σc值随变形温度升高和应变速率降低而降低,在420℃/1.0s-1高温高应变速率时,稀土Er的加入使得ZK60镁合金发生动态再结晶的临界应力值σc由76MPa降到50MPa。通过动态模型构建热加工图并结合金相组织观察可知:稀土Er的加入缩小了ZK60镁合金的热加工失稳区,增加了热加工安全区的功率耗散效率峰值η_(max),由35%增大到45%,促进了动态再结晶晶粒的形核,但抑制了再结晶晶粒的长大。
The hot compressive deformation behavior of ZK60 and ZK60-1.0Er magnesium alloy occurring homogenization was investigated by Gleeble-1500 Dthermal simulator,analyzing the characteristics of the flow stress changes of the two kinds of magnesium alloys at the temperature 160-420℃,the strain rate 0.0001-1.0s-1.The experimental results show that the two kinds of magnesium alloys are deformation temperature and strain rate sensitive materials,with the decrease of deformation temperature and the increase of strain rate,the flow stress increases;meanwhile,flow stress value tends to be constant after flow stress reaches peak value.Rare earth Er reduces the average deformation activation energy from 183kJ/mol to 153kJ/mol,and the stress index nvalue is improved from 6to 8;dynamical recrystallization critical stressσcvalue decreases,with the increase of deformation temperature and the decrease of strain rate,and at 420℃/1.0s-1,rare earth Er reduces the critical stressσcvalue of occurring dynamic recrystallization from 76 MPa to 50 MPa.According to the obtained processing map by material dynamic model,combining with microstructure observations,rare earth Er reduces instability areas of ZK60 magnesium alloy,and increases power dissipation efficiency valueηmaxfrom 35%to 45%at safety zone,promotes dynamic recrystallization grain nucleation,but inhibits recrystallization grain growth.
The hot compressive deformation behavior of ZK60 and ZK60-1.0Er magnesium alloy occurring homogenization was investigated by Gleeble-1500 Dthermal simulator,analyzing the characteristics of the flow stress changes of the two kinds of magnesium alloys at the temperature 160-420℃,the strain rate 0.0001-1.0s-1.The experimental results show that the two kinds of magnesium alloys are deformation temperature and strain rate sensitive materials,with the decrease of deformation temperature and the increase of strain rate,the flow stress increases;meanwhile,flow stress value tends to be constant after flow stress reaches peak value.Rare earth Er reduces the average deformation activation energy from 183kJ/mol to 153kJ/mol,and the stress index nvalue is improved from 6to 8;dynamical recrystallization critical stressσcvalue decreases,with the increase of deformation temperature and the decrease of strain rate,and at 420℃/1.0s-1,rare earth Er reduces the critical stressσcvalue of occurring dynamic recrystallization from 76 MPa to 50 MPa.According to the obtained processing map by material dynamic model,combining with microstructure observations,rare earth Er reduces instability areas of ZK60 magnesium alloy,and increases power dissipation efficiency valueηmaxfrom 35%to 45%at safety zone,promotes dynamic recrystallization grain nucleation,but inhibits recrystallization grain growth.
引文
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[18]李红英,刘洋,胡继东,等.ZA27合金的热变形及加工图[J].中国有色金属学报,2012,22(2):365-370.LI H Y,LIU Y,HU J D,et al.Hot deformation and processing map of ZA27alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2012,22(2):365-370.
[19]MOMENI A,DEHGHANI K,EBRAHIMI G R,et al.Developing the processing maps using the hyperbolic sine constitutive equation[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2013,44(12):5567-5576.
[20]张蓉,钱书琨.AZ61镁合金高温变形行为及热加工图[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2014,34(1):19-22.ZHANG R,QIAN S K.Hot deformation behavior and processing map of AZ61magnesium alloy[J].Special Casting&Nonferrous Alloys,2014,34(1):19-22.
[21]陈宝东,郭锋,温静.ZK31-1.5Y镁合金热变形行为及加工图[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2014,43(3):615-620.CHEN B D,GUO F,WEN J.Hot deformation behavior and processing map of ZK31-1.5Y magnesium alloy[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2014,43(3):615-620.
[2]王顺成,周楠,郑开宏,等.大尺度ZK60镁合金圆棒和型材的组织与力学性能[J].材料研究与应用,2013,7(4):217-222.WANG S C,ZHOU N,ZHENG K H,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of round bars and profiles made of ZK60magnesium alloy with a large size[J].Materials Research and Application,2013,7(4):217-222.
[3]WU Y Z,YAN H G,ZHU S Q,et al.Flow behavior and microstructure of ZK60magnesium alloy compressed at high strain rate[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014,24(4):930-938.
[4]张志华,潘复生,陈先华,等.稀土元素对ZK60镁合金组织和性能影响的研究现状[J].热加工工艺,2011,40(10):8-12.ZHANG Z H,PAN F S,CHEN X H,et al.Research status of effect of rare earth element on microstructure and properties of ZK60alloy[J].Hot Working Technology,2011,40(10):8-12.
[5]袁付庆,张静,方超.稀土元素对镁合金晶粒细化的研究[J].热加工工艺,2012,41(2):30-37.YUAN F Q,ZHANG J,FANG C.Effects of rare earth addition on grain refinement of magnesium alloy[J].Hot Working Technology,2012,41(2):30-37.
[6]LI J Q,LIU J,CUI Z S.Characterization of hot deformation behavior of extruded ZK60 magnesium alloy using 3D processing maps[J].Materials&Design,2014,56:889-897.
[7]YU H,KIM Y M,YOU B S,et al.Effects of cerium addition on the microstructure,mechanical properties and hot workability of ZK60alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2013,559:798-807.
[8]WANG Z J,XU Y,WANG Z J,et al.Solidification behavior microstructure and tensile properties of ZK60-Er magnesium alloys[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2011,29(6):558-561.
[9]WANG Z J,YANG Q X,QIAO J.Phase structure of ZK60-1Er magnesium alloy compressed at 450℃[J],Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2010,20:s567-570.
[10]王忠军,张彩碚,崔建忠,等.饵和钕对铸态ZK60镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响[J].中国稀土学报,2006,24(6):710-715.WANG Z J,ZHANG C B,CUI J Z,et al.Effect of erbium and neodymium on microstructure and mechanical properties of ZK60magnesium alloy[J].Journal of the Chinese Rare Earth Society,2006,24(6):710-715.
[11]林娜,杨开怀,陈文哲.析出相对AZ91D挤压镁合金PLC效应的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2016,37(2):25-30.LIN N,YANG K H,CHEN W Z.Influence of precipitation on PLC effect of AZ91Dpressed magnesium alloy[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2016,37(2):25-30.
[12]廖慧敏,熊守全,曾明,等.AZ81E镁合金的高温流变应力模型及热加工图研究[J].西华大学学报(自然科学版),2013,32(3):10-14.LIAO H M,XIONG S Q,ZENG M,et al.Research on the high temperature flow stress model and processing map of AZ81E magnesium alloy[J].Journal of Xihua University(Natural Science Edition),2013,32(3):10-14.
[13]WU H,WEN S P,HUANG H,et al.Hot deformation behavior and constitutive equation of a new type Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr alloy during isothermal compression[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2016,651:415-424.
[14]彭建,韩韡,彭毅,等.基于热扭转实验的ME21镁合金热变形行为研究[J].稀有金属,2014,38(3):341-347.PENG J,HAN W,PENG Y,et al.Hot deformation behavior of ME21magnesium alloy by hot torsiontest[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2014,38(3):341-347.
[15]CAI Z W,CHEN F X,GUO J Q.Constitutive model for elevated temperature flow stress of AZ41M magnesium alloy considering the compensation of strain[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2015,648:215-222.
[16]董小山,彭建,石大伟,等.ZM21及ZM61合金的热变形行为与动态再结晶临界条件的表征[J].中国有色金属学报,2013,23(8):2069-2076.DONG X S,PENG J,SHI D W,et al.Thermal compression behavior and characterization of dynamic recrystallization critical conditions for ZM21and ZM61magnesium alloys[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2013,23(8):2069-2076.
[17]POLIAK E I,JONAS J J.A one-parameter approach to determining the critical conditions for the initiation of dynamic recrystallization[J].Acta Materialia,1992,44(1):127-136.
[18]李红英,刘洋,胡继东,等.ZA27合金的热变形及加工图[J].中国有色金属学报,2012,22(2):365-370.LI H Y,LIU Y,HU J D,et al.Hot deformation and processing map of ZA27alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2012,22(2):365-370.
[19]MOMENI A,DEHGHANI K,EBRAHIMI G R,et al.Developing the processing maps using the hyperbolic sine constitutive equation[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2013,44(12):5567-5576.
[20]张蓉,钱书琨.AZ61镁合金高温变形行为及热加工图[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2014,34(1):19-22.ZHANG R,QIAN S K.Hot deformation behavior and processing map of AZ61magnesium alloy[J].Special Casting&Nonferrous Alloys,2014,34(1):19-22.
[21]陈宝东,郭锋,温静.ZK31-1.5Y镁合金热变形行为及加工图[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2014,43(3):615-620.CHEN B D,GUO F,WEN J.Hot deformation behavior and processing map of ZK31-1.5Y magnesium alloy[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2014,43(3):615-620.