筒形件充液热拉深及冷却对性能影响的研究
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摘要
目的研究筒形件充液热拉深及冷却对性能影响。方法在自主开发的RJ50实验机上进行了7075筒形件充液热拉深实验。在210℃下,对不同成形缺陷及影响因素进行了分析,并对成形的零件选择两种冷却介质进行冷却,并研究了宏观力学性能及微观组织演化。结果与温热成形相比,充液热拉深零件具有更高的尺寸精度;在充液热拉深条件下,水冷较空冷对筒形件成形后屈服强度及强度极限有轻微提高,对延伸率影响不大,水冷导致的第二相粒子要比空冷多,但水冷致晶粒粗化缓慢。结论充液热拉深可以显著提高零件的尺寸精度;充液热拉深后并及时冷却的方法,在维持材料力学性能及防止材料劣化方面是有利的。
The aim of this study was to investigate warm hydroforming and the influence of cooling on macro and micro properties of hydroformed part. The cylindrical cup warm hydroforming of 7075 aluminum alloy sheet was carried out on a self-developed YRJ50 test machine. The different forming defects and influencing processing parameters were analyzed at210 ℃. The macro and micro properties of hydroformed parts cooled using two different cooling media were also investigated. The warm hydroformed part had higher dimensional precision than the warm formed part. Under the condition of warm sheet hydroforming with thereafter rapid cooling,the yield stress and ultimate strength were slightly increased by water cooling as compared to air cooling,while the influence on elongation at fracture was little between the two cooling modes. The second-phase particles caused by water cooling were more than those by air cooling,but water cooling led to slow roughening of grain. Warm hydroforming could significantly increase the dimensional accuracy of hydroformed parts. Timely water cooling after warm sheet hydroforming was beneficial for maintaining material mechanical properties and preventing deterioration.
The aim of this study was to investigate warm hydroforming and the influence of cooling on macro and micro properties of hydroformed part. The cylindrical cup warm hydroforming of 7075 aluminum alloy sheet was carried out on a self-developed YRJ50 test machine. The different forming defects and influencing processing parameters were analyzed at210 ℃. The macro and micro properties of hydroformed parts cooled using two different cooling media were also investigated. The warm hydroformed part had higher dimensional precision than the warm formed part. Under the condition of warm sheet hydroforming with thereafter rapid cooling,the yield stress and ultimate strength were slightly increased by water cooling as compared to air cooling,while the influence on elongation at fracture was little between the two cooling modes. The second-phase particles caused by water cooling were more than those by air cooling,but water cooling led to slow roughening of grain. Warm hydroforming could significantly increase the dimensional accuracy of hydroformed parts. Timely water cooling after warm sheet hydroforming was beneficial for maintaining material mechanical properties and preventing deterioration.
引文
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[2]杨希英,郎利辉,郭禅,等.2A16铝合金锥形件多级充液热拉深仿真及优化分析[J].精密成形工程,2014,6(6):72—77.YANG Xi-ying,LANG Li-hui,GUO Chan,et al.Optimization and Simulation Investigation on Muti-step Sheet Warm Hydroforming of 2A16 Aluminum Alloy Conical Part[J].Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering,2014,6(6):72—77.
[3]COLE G S,SHERMAN A M.Light Weight Materials for Automotive Applications[J].Materials Characterization,1995,35(1):3—9.
[4]陈龙,张超,曹婷婷,等.高强钢复杂曲面件充液拉深工艺模拟研究[J].精密成形工程,2012,4(3):39—42.CHEN Long,ZHANG Chao,CAO Ting-ting,et al.Simulation Research of Sheet Hydroforming Process for High Strength Steel Complex Surface Part[J].Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering,2012,4(3):39—42.
[5]GROCHE P,HUBER R,DOERR J,et al.Hydromechanical Deep Drawing of Aluminium Alloys at Elevated Temperatures[J].CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,2002,51(1):215—218.
[6]LANG L H,DANCKERT J,NIELSEN K B.Study on Hydromechanical Deep Drawing with Uniform Pressure onto the Blank[J].International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,2004,44(5):495—502.
[7]LANG Li-hui,WANG Yong-ming,XIE Ya-su,et al.Prebulging Effect During Sheet Hydroforming Process of Aluminum Alloy Box with Unequal Height and Flat Bottom[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2012,22(s2):302—308.
[8]LI D M,GHOSH A.Tensile Deformation Behavior of Aluminum Alloys at Warm Forming Temperatures[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2003,352(1/2):279—286.
[9]NAKA T,YOSHIDA F.The Effects of Temperature and Forming Speed on the Forming Limit Diagram for type5083 Aluminum-Magnesium Alloy Sheet[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2001,113(1-3):648—653.
[10]何祝斌,凡晓波,苑世剑.铝合金板材热成形-淬火一体化工艺研究进展[J].精密成形工程,2014,6(5):37—44.HE Zhu-bin,FAN Xiao-bo,YUAN Shi-jian.Review of Hot Forming-quenching Integrated Process of Aluminum Alloy[J].Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering,2014,6(5):37—44.
[11]刘宝胜.板材充液热拉深机理及关键技术研究[D].北京:北京航空航天大学,2012:120—126.LIU Bao-sheng.Research on Forming Mechanism and Key Technologies of Warm Sheet Hydroforming[D].Beijing:Beihang University,2012:120—126.
[12]SOTIROV N,SIMON P,CHIMANI C,et al.Warm Deep Drawability of Peak-Aged 7075 Aluminium Sheet Alloy[J].Key Engineering Materials,2012,504—506:955—960.
[13]TAJALLY M,EMADODDIN E.Mechanical and Anisotropic Behaviors of 7075 Aluminum Alloy Sheets[J].Materials and Design,2011,32(3):1594—1599.
[14]刘合军,郎利辉,李涛,等.高强度铝合金板材的温热介质充液成形研究[J].塑性工程学报,2009,16(1):31—36.LIU He-jun,LANG Li-hui,LI Tao,et al.Investigation on Warm/Hot Hydro-forming of High Strength Aluminum Alloy Sheet[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2009,16(1):31—36.
[15]LANG Li-hui,WANG Zhong-ren,KANG Da-chang,et al.Hydroforming Highlights:Sheet Hydroforming and Tube Hydroforming[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2004,151(1-3):165—177.