结蜡对含蜡原油管道安全影响分析
|
摘要
对低输量含蜡原油管道,每次清蜡时都保留一定的结蜡厚度,这是因为蜡的"保温"效果有利于管道的经济运行。然而,从安全的角度考虑,管线保留一定的结蜡厚度存在一定的风险。保留一定的结蜡厚度,管径变小,一旦管线停输或输量下降,管线中单位体积的原油所携带的热量减少,相对降温速率加快,原油形成胶凝结构的速度加快,管线允许的停输时间大大降低,并且管径越小管线停输后的再启动越困难。同时,管线停输后,在某些特殊管段特别是上倾管段,石蜡沉积物会发生破坏滑脱并聚集在管道低洼处,造成蜡堵凝管。因此,建议定期彻底清除管壁结蜡。
For low flow waxy crude oil pipeline,certain wax thickness retained after wax removal was beneficial to the economic operation of the pipeline for the wax insulation.From the perspective of security,however,certain wax thickness retained was at risk.With certain wax thickness reserved,diameter became smaller.Once the pipeline stopped or output declined,the heat carried by the unit volume of crude oil in the pipeline reduced,and cooling rate accelerated,the formation of the gel structure speeded up.The permitted stopping-time of pipeline was greatly reduced.The smaller diameter of pipeline was,the more difficult for the pipeline restarted after shutdown.Meanwhile,after shutdown,paraffin deposits destructively slipped in the pipeline lying areas at certain special locations especially acclivities of tube sections,causing the wax plugging.Pigging regularly and thoroughly was recommended.
For low flow waxy crude oil pipeline,certain wax thickness retained after wax removal was beneficial to the economic operation of the pipeline for the wax insulation.From the perspective of security,however,certain wax thickness retained was at risk.With certain wax thickness reserved,diameter became smaller.Once the pipeline stopped or output declined,the heat carried by the unit volume of crude oil in the pipeline reduced,and cooling rate accelerated,the formation of the gel structure speeded up.The permitted stopping-time of pipeline was greatly reduced.The smaller diameter of pipeline was,the more difficult for the pipeline restarted after shutdown.Meanwhile,after shutdown,paraffin deposits destructively slipped in the pipeline lying areas at certain special locations especially acclivities of tube sections,causing the wax plugging.Pigging regularly and thoroughly was recommended.
引文
[1]杨筱蘅,张国忠.输油管道设计与管理[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1996.
[2]张敬业.含蜡原油管道输送系统研究及应用[D].北京:北京化工大学,2012.
[3]王岳,曾文.含蜡热油管道低输量时结蜡对能耗的影响[J].辽宁石油化工大学学报(原抚顺石油学院学报),2002,22(4):38-40.
[4]从德胜.原油管道蜡沉积若干问题的研究综述[J].江汉石油职工大学学报,2008,21(4):61-65.
[5]Sanjay M,Simanta B,Kulwant S.Paraffin problems in crude oil production and transportation:a review[J].Old Production&Facilities,1995,10(1):50-54.
[6]金伟,杨斌.热油管道的结蜡与清蜡[J].广西轻工业,2009,25(7):23-24.
[7]李静.清蜡技术在中洛管道上的应用[J].油气储运,2005,24(7):53-55.
[8]楚良言.对熊岳-复县泵站管道清管周期的探讨[J].油气储运,1983,2(5):50-53.
[9]江国业,张文信,周诗岽,等.低输量输油管道的清蜡周期研究[J].辽宁石油化工大学学报(原抚顺石油学院学报),2003,23(3):46-49.
[10]赵书辉,刘金富,魏安河,等.含蜡原油浮动清蜡输送工艺[J].油气储运,2001,20(10):19-21.
[11]李露,李艺明,林森.原油生产中的石蜡沉积及其控制[J].油气田地面工程,2001,20(3):82-83.
[12]师文会,贺爱群.万周输油管道结蜡分析及清防蜡措施[J].油气储运,1999,18(7):42-45.
[13]王志华,司明林.化学清蜡工艺在Gannet油田海底集输管道中的应用研究[J].国外油田工程,2009,25(8):51-52.
[14]梅海燕,张茂林,孙良田,等.压力对油气体系石蜡沉积温度的影响[J].西南石油学院学报,2001,23(6):9-11.
[15]杨帆,李治平.石蜡沉积对储层孔隙度和渗透率的影响[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(6):848-850.
[16]于小明,张英.超声波-电热清蜡技术[J].油气田地面工程,2004,23(8):28-28.
[17]石勇,姜兰,雷琦,等.微生物防蜡技术的研究与应用[J].化学工业与工程技术,2009,30(1):17-20.
[18]刘爱华,章结斌,陈创前.油田清防蜡技术发展现状[J].石油化工腐蚀与防护,2009,26(1):1-3.
[2]张敬业.含蜡原油管道输送系统研究及应用[D].北京:北京化工大学,2012.
[3]王岳,曾文.含蜡热油管道低输量时结蜡对能耗的影响[J].辽宁石油化工大学学报(原抚顺石油学院学报),2002,22(4):38-40.
[4]从德胜.原油管道蜡沉积若干问题的研究综述[J].江汉石油职工大学学报,2008,21(4):61-65.
[5]Sanjay M,Simanta B,Kulwant S.Paraffin problems in crude oil production and transportation:a review[J].Old Production&Facilities,1995,10(1):50-54.
[6]金伟,杨斌.热油管道的结蜡与清蜡[J].广西轻工业,2009,25(7):23-24.
[7]李静.清蜡技术在中洛管道上的应用[J].油气储运,2005,24(7):53-55.
[8]楚良言.对熊岳-复县泵站管道清管周期的探讨[J].油气储运,1983,2(5):50-53.
[9]江国业,张文信,周诗岽,等.低输量输油管道的清蜡周期研究[J].辽宁石油化工大学学报(原抚顺石油学院学报),2003,23(3):46-49.
[10]赵书辉,刘金富,魏安河,等.含蜡原油浮动清蜡输送工艺[J].油气储运,2001,20(10):19-21.
[11]李露,李艺明,林森.原油生产中的石蜡沉积及其控制[J].油气田地面工程,2001,20(3):82-83.
[12]师文会,贺爱群.万周输油管道结蜡分析及清防蜡措施[J].油气储运,1999,18(7):42-45.
[13]王志华,司明林.化学清蜡工艺在Gannet油田海底集输管道中的应用研究[J].国外油田工程,2009,25(8):51-52.
[14]梅海燕,张茂林,孙良田,等.压力对油气体系石蜡沉积温度的影响[J].西南石油学院学报,2001,23(6):9-11.
[15]杨帆,李治平.石蜡沉积对储层孔隙度和渗透率的影响[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(6):848-850.
[16]于小明,张英.超声波-电热清蜡技术[J].油气田地面工程,2004,23(8):28-28.
[17]石勇,姜兰,雷琦,等.微生物防蜡技术的研究与应用[J].化学工业与工程技术,2009,30(1):17-20.
[18]刘爱华,章结斌,陈创前.油田清防蜡技术发展现状[J].石油化工腐蚀与防护,2009,26(1):1-3.