塔里木盆地塔中北坡奥陶系微生物碳酸盐岩储层形成机制与评价
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摘要
微生物岩储层是当前的研究热点之一.通过对塔中北坡微生物岩样品的岩芯以及铸体薄片的观察,发现研究区域的微生物岩储层以裂缝-孔隙型储层为主.对其进行全直径孔渗性检测发现,微生物岩储层具有较好的天然气储集物性.通过对微生物岩的形成机制及特点的分析,结合应力敏感实验和成像测井资料,总结出微生物岩储集空间发育的优势因素.原生白云石的生成可以促进方解石的溶解,而塔中北坡微生物岩发生早成岩岩溶作用,部分地区叠加晚期深成热液改造,提高了储集物性;有机质含量较丰富不仅可以在埋藏成岩阶段生成有机酸造成溶蚀,还能够降低微生物岩的极限强度从而容易在构造作用下发生断裂形成裂缝,因此塔中北坡微生物岩储集空间主要以次生作用为主.通过岩石压缩系数的测定,得出微生物岩的抗压实能力一般,但藻屑骨架对藻孔的保护有利,抗压实能力最强的是受到热液作用而硅化的微生物岩,其次是白云石化微生物岩.
The microbial carbonate reservoir is one of the hot research areas.The observation of microbialite's core and casting thin sections of the northern slope of middle Tarim basin in our study shows that fracture-pore type reservoir dominates in the microbialites of study area.Though the porosity and permeability analysis of full diameter core,we found that the microbialites were good gas reservoirs.On the analysis of the formation mechanism and characteristics of microbialites,combined with stress sensitive experiment and imaging logging,we summarized the advantage factors of the forming reservoir space of microbialites,firstly,the generation of native dolomite can promote the dissolution of calcite.The microbialites of the study area experienced eogenetic karstification,and parts superposition late hypogenic karstification,improving the reservoir physical properties.Secondly,rich organic matter content not only caused dissolution by organic acid generated by microbialites in the burial diagenetic stage,but also reduced the ultimate strength of microbialites which could easy to form cracks under the tectonic movement.Therefore the reservoir space of microbialites in the northern slope of middle Tarim basin is mainly secondary role.Though the determination of rock compressibility,it is concluded that microbialites'compaction resistance is common,but algae crumbsskeleton is advantageous to the protection of the algal hole.The strongest ability to resist compaction is silicified microbialites,followed by dolomitization.
The microbial carbonate reservoir is one of the hot research areas.The observation of microbialite's core and casting thin sections of the northern slope of middle Tarim basin in our study shows that fracture-pore type reservoir dominates in the microbialites of study area.Though the porosity and permeability analysis of full diameter core,we found that the microbialites were good gas reservoirs.On the analysis of the formation mechanism and characteristics of microbialites,combined with stress sensitive experiment and imaging logging,we summarized the advantage factors of the forming reservoir space of microbialites,firstly,the generation of native dolomite can promote the dissolution of calcite.The microbialites of the study area experienced eogenetic karstification,and parts superposition late hypogenic karstification,improving the reservoir physical properties.Secondly,rich organic matter content not only caused dissolution by organic acid generated by microbialites in the burial diagenetic stage,but also reduced the ultimate strength of microbialites which could easy to form cracks under the tectonic movement.Therefore the reservoir space of microbialites in the northern slope of middle Tarim basin is mainly secondary role.Though the determination of rock compressibility,it is concluded that microbialites'compaction resistance is common,but algae crumbsskeleton is advantageous to the protection of the algal hole.The strongest ability to resist compaction is silicified microbialites,followed by dolomitization.
引文
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Chen,Z.Z.,Hao,S.S.,Xi,S.L.,1994.Evaluation of Organic Matter Content in Carbonate Source Rock by Using Log Data.Journal of China University of Petroleum,18(4):16-19(in Chinese with English abstract).
Dupraz,C.,Visscher,P.T.,Baumgartner,L.K.,et al.,2004.Microbe-Mineral Interactions:Early Carbonate Precipitation in a Hypersaline Lake(Eleuthera Island,Bahamas).Sedimentology,51(4):745-765.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00649.x
Fu,H.,Han J.H.,Meng,W.B.,et al.,2017.Formation Mechanism of the Ordovician Karst Carbonate Reservoirs on the Northern Slope of Central Tarim Basin.Natural Gas Industry,37(3):25-36(in Chinese with English abstract).
Gallagher,K.L.,2012.The Role of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Organomineralization and Microbialite Formation:Mechanisms of Mineral Precipitation(Dissertation).University of Connecticut,Connecticut.
Gehman,H.M.Jr.,1962.Organic Matter in Limestones.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,26(8):885-897.https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(62)90118-7
Gong,Y.Y.,2016.The Type of Thrombolite and Research on the Origin of Micropores in the Thrombolite for Cambrian Zhangxia Formation in the Western Shandong Province.China Mining Magazine,25(Suppl.):386-389(in Chinese with English abstract).
Haddad,S.A.,Mancini,E.A.,2013.Reservoir Characterization,Modeling,and Evaluation of Upper Jurassic Smackover Microbial Carbonate and Associated Facies in Little Cedar Creek Field,Southwest Alabama,Eastern Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States.AAPG Bulletin,97(11):2059-2083.https://doi.org/10.1306/07081312187
Han,X.Y.,Tang,L.J.,Cao,Z.C.,et al.,2018.Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Composite Flower Structures in Northern Slope of Tazhong Uplift,Tarim Basin.Earth Science,43(2):525-537(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hao,M.Q.,Liu,X.G.,Hu,Y.L.,et al.,2007.Reservoir Characteristics of Micro-Fractured Ultra Low Permeability Reservoirs.Acta Petrolei Sinica,28(5):93-98(in Chinese with English abstract).
He,J.,Kang,Y.L.,Liu,D.W.,et al.,2005.The Stress Sensitivity Research on Porous and Fractured Porous Carbonate Reservoirs.Drilling&Production Technology,28(2):84-86(in Chinese with English abstract).
Henry,S.C.,2013.Porosity in Bacterially Induced Carbonates:Focus on Micropores.AAPG Bulletin,97(11):2103-2111.https://doi.org/10.1306/04231312173
Hill,D.G.,Lombardi,T.E.,Martin,J.P.,2004.Fractured Shale Gas Potential in New York.NortheasternGeology&EnvironmentScience,8(26):1-49.
Huang,Q.Y.,Liu,W.,Zhang,Y.Q.,et al.,2015.Progress of Research on Dolomitization and Dolomite Reservoir.Advances in Earth Science,30(5):539-551(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,C.L.,2007.A Theoretical Form Ula of Stress Sensitivity Index with Compressibility of Rock.Lithologic Reservoirs,19(4):95-98(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,L.,Li,F.C.,Liu,L.,et al.,2017.Curvibacter sp.Strain HJ-1Induced the Formation of Aragonite under the Condition of Low Mg/Ca Ratio.Acta Microbiologica Sinica,57(3):434-446(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,P.J.,Chen,H.H.,Tang,D.Q.,et al.,2017.Coupling Relationship between NE Strike-Slip Faults and Hypogenic Karstification in Middle-Lower Ordovician of Shunnan Area,Tarim Basin,Northwest China.Earth Science,42(1):93-104(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,P.W.,Jin,T.F.,Wang,G.Q.,et al.,2013.Microbial Carbonates and Their Significance in the Petroleum Exploration.Geological Science and Technology Information,32(3):66-74(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,P.W.,Luo,P.,Chen,M.,et al.,2015a.Characteristics and Origin of the Upper Sinian Microbial Carbonate Reservoirs at the Northwestern Margin of Tarim Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,36(3):416-428(in Chinese with English abstract).
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