构造地质过程对冲绳海槽热液活动及成矿作用的控制研究综述
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摘要
在对冲绳海槽及邻区构造地质学和热液地质学调查研究成果进行全面总结的基础上,将深部地球动力学机制、冲绳海槽形成演化、岩浆作用过程、热液系统结构、流体循环模式和成矿作用特征等多方面的问题,纳入到统一的框架下,探讨了冲绳海槽构造地质过程对热液活动和成矿作用的控制机理。分析认为,区域中尺度地幔流引起了东亚大陆边缘岩石圈向东的蠕散,并驱动了菲律宾海板块沿琉球海沟向欧亚板块之下的俯冲。在弧后小尺度地幔对流、岩石圈减薄、板片反卷和俯冲后退的共同作用下,冲绳海槽发生弧后张裂。张裂作用在岩石圈内形成了网状破裂系统,为岛弧和弧后岩浆上涌提供了通道,并且引起了不同来源岩浆的干扰和混合。侵位到地壳浅部的岩浆为热液活动提供了热源和主要成矿物质来源,是影响热液活动分布的主要因素。沉积层覆盖改变了流体的浅部循环结构和原始流体成分。热液区内普遍存在的流体相分离过程,导致了广域成矿作用的发生。
On the basis of comprehensive reviewing previous works and results on the tectonic geology and hydrothermal geology of Okinawa Trough, we discussed the tectonic constraints of the hydrothermal activities and mineralization through incorporating the deep geodynamics, tectonic evolution history, magmatism, structures of hydrothermal systems, hydrothermal fluid circulation and polymetallic mineralization. The regional middle-scale mantle flow was suggested to have driven the eastward creeping of the Eurasian marginal lithosphere and the westward subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate, which further induced the small scale mantle flow in the back-arc region. The back-arc opening of the Okinawa Trough was promoted by the combined action of lithosphere thinning, slab roll-back and trench retreat. The lithospheric fracture networks formed by the back-arc extension act as the plumbing system for the arc and back-arc magmatism, and caused the mixing and exchange of magmas from different sources. The shallow intruded magma provides the heat source and predominant metallogenic materials for the hydrothermal system and thus determined the distribution hydrothermal fields. The sedimentary cover altered the shallow circulation structure and the composition of the original hydrothermal fluid produced by the water-rock reaction. The phase separation and segregation of the hydrothermal fluid are pervasive and caused the diverse range of mineralization in hydrothermal fields of Okinawa Trough.
On the basis of comprehensive reviewing previous works and results on the tectonic geology and hydrothermal geology of Okinawa Trough, we discussed the tectonic constraints of the hydrothermal activities and mineralization through incorporating the deep geodynamics, tectonic evolution history, magmatism, structures of hydrothermal systems, hydrothermal fluid circulation and polymetallic mineralization. The regional middle-scale mantle flow was suggested to have driven the eastward creeping of the Eurasian marginal lithosphere and the westward subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate, which further induced the small scale mantle flow in the back-arc region. The back-arc opening of the Okinawa Trough was promoted by the combined action of lithosphere thinning, slab roll-back and trench retreat. The lithospheric fracture networks formed by the back-arc extension act as the plumbing system for the arc and back-arc magmatism, and caused the mixing and exchange of magmas from different sources. The shallow intruded magma provides the heat source and predominant metallogenic materials for the hydrothermal system and thus determined the distribution hydrothermal fields. The sedimentary cover altered the shallow circulation structure and the composition of the original hydrothermal fluid produced by the water-rock reaction. The phase separation and segregation of the hydrothermal fluid are pervasive and caused the diverse range of mineralization in hydrothermal fields of Okinawa Trough.
引文
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Fabbri O,Monie P,Fournier M,2004.Transtensional deformation at the junction between the Okinawa trough back-arc basin and the SWJapan island arc.Geological Society,London,227:297-312.
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Fabbri O,Monie P,Fournier M,2004.Transtensional deformation at the junction between the Okinawa trough back-arc basin and the SWJapan island arc.Geological Society,London,227:297-312.
Fukuba T,Fujii T,Iizasa K,et al,2010.Natsushima Cruise Report NT10-16.JAMSTEC.
Genthon P,Rabinowicz M,Foucher J P,et al,1990.Hydrothermal circulation in an anistropic sedimentary basin:Application to the Okinawa Trough back-arc basin.Journal of Geophysical Research,95:19175-19184.
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Glasby G P,Notsu K,2003.Submarine hydrothermal mineralization in the Okinawa Trough,SW of Japan:an overview.Ore Geology Review,23:299-339.
Halbach P,Hansmann W,Koppel V,et al,1997.Whole-rock and sulfide lead-isotope data from the hydrothermal JADE field in the Okinawa back-arc trough.Mineralium Deposita,32,70-78.
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Halbach P,Pracejus B,Marten A,1993.Geology and mineralogy of massive sulfide ores from the central Okinawa Trough,Japan.Economic Geology,88,2210-2225.
Hashimoto J,Fujikura K,Hotta H,1990.Observations of deep sea biological communities at the Minami-Ensei Knoll.JAMSTEC Deep Sea Research,6:167-179.
Hayes G P,Wald D J,Johnson R L,2012.Slab 1.0:A three dimensional model of global subduction zone geometries.Journal of Geophysical Research,117,B01302.
Inagaki F,Kuypers M M M,Tsunogai U,et al,2006.Microbial community in a sediment-hosted CO2lake of the southern Okinawa Trough hydrothermal system.PNAS,103(38):14164-14169.
Ishibashi J,Urab T,1995.Hydrothermal activity related to arc-backarc magmatism in the Western Pacific.In Taylor B(ed.)Back-arc basin:Tectonics and magmatism.Plenum Press,New York,451-495.
Kasaya T,Machiyama H,Kitada K,et al,2015.Trial exploration for hydrothermal activity using acoustic measurements at the North Iheya Knoll.Geochemical Journal,49:597-602.
Kataoka S,Ishibashi J,Yamanaka T,et al,2000.Topography and fluid geochemistry of the Iheya North Knoll seafloor hydrothermal system in the Okinawa Trough.JAMSTEC Deep Sea Research,No.16:1-7.
Kawagucci S,Chiba H,Ishibashi J,et al,2011.Hydrothermal fluid geochemistry at the Iheya North field in the mid-Okinawa Trough:Implication for origin of methane in subseafloor fluid sirculation systems.Geochemical Journal,45:109-124.
Kawagucci S,Miyazaki J,Nakajima R,et al,2013.Post-drilling changes in fluid discharge pattern,mineral deposition,and fluid chemistry in the Iheya North hydrothermal field,Okinawa Trough.Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,14(11):4774-4790.
Kawagucci S,Shirai K,Lan T,et al,2010.Gas geochemical characteristics of hydrothermal plumes at the Hakurei and Jade vent sites,the Izena Cauldron,Okinawa Trough.Geochemical Journal,44:507-518.
Kimura M,1985.Back-arc rifting in the Okinawa Trough.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2:222-240.
Kimura M,Uyeda S,Kato Y,et al,1988.Active hydrothermal mounds in the Okinawa Trough backarc basin,Japan.Tectonophysics,145:319-324.
Konno U,Tsunogai U,Nakagawa F,et al,2006.Liquid CO2 venting on the seafloor:Yonaguni KnollⅣhydrothermal system,Okinawa Trough.Geophysical Research Letters,33,L16607.
Li Z G,Chu F Y,Dong Y H,et al,2016.Origin of selective enrichment of Cu and Au in sulfide deposits formed at immature back-arc ridges:Examples from the Lau and Manus basins.Ore Geology Reviews,74:52-62.
Masaki Y,Kinoshita M,Inagaki F,et al,2011.Possible kilometer-scale hydrothermal circulation within the Iheya-North field,mid-Okinawa Trough,as inferred from heat flow data.JAMSTEC Report of Research and Development,12:1-12.
Matsumoto T,Kinoshita M,Nakamura M,et al,2001.Volcanic and hydrothermal activities and possible"segmentation"of the axial rifting in the westernmost part of the Okinawa Trough-preliminary results from the Yokosuka/Shinkai 6500-Lequios Cruise.JAMSTEC Journal of Deep Sea Research,19:95-107.
Miyoshi Y,Ishibashi J,Shimada K,et al,2015.Clay minerals in an active hydrothermal field at Iheya North Knoll,Okinawa Trough.Resource Geology,65(4):346-360.
Momma H,Hashimoto J,Tanaka T,et al,1989.Deep Sea Research Group.Preliminary report of deep tow surveys in the Okinawa Trough(DK88-2-OKN-LEG 1,2).JAMSTEC Report,21:203-221.
Nedachi M,Ueno H,Ossaka J,et al,1992.Hydrothermal ore deposits on the Minami-Ensei Knoll of the Okinawa Trough.JAMSTEC Deep Sea Research:95-106.
Paulick H,Bach W,2006.Phyllosilicate alteration mineral assemblages in the active subseafloor PACMANUS hydrothermal system,Papua New Guinea,ODP Leg193.Economic Geology,101(3):633-650.
Sakai H,Gamo T,Kim E,et al,1990a.Venting of carbon dioxide-rich fluid and hydrate formation in Mid-Okinawa Trough back-arc basin.Science,248(4959):1093-1096.
Sakai H,Gamo T,Kim E,et al,1990b.Unique chemistry of the hydrothermal solution in the Mid-Okinawa Trough back-arc basin.Geophysical Research Letter,17(12):2133-2136.
Shang L N,Zhang X H,Jia Y G,et al,2017.Late Cenozoic evolution of the East China continental margin:Insights from seismic,gravity,and magnetic analyses.Tectonophysics,698:1-15.
Shinjo R,1999.Geochemistry of high Mg andesites and the tectonic evolution of the Okinawa Trough-Ryukyu arc system.Chemical Geology,157:69-88.
Shinjo R,2000.Petrochemistry and tectonic significance of the emerged late Cenozoic basalts behind the Okinawa Troughs Ryukyu arc system.Journal of Volcanology and geothermal research,80:39-53.
Shinjo R,Kato Y,2000.Geochemical constrains on the origin of bimodal magmatism at the Okinawa Trough,an incipient back-arc basin.Lithos,54:117-137.
Shiono K,Mikumo T,Ichikawa Y,1980.Tectonics of the Kyushu-Ryukyu Arc as evidenced from seismicity and focal mechanics of shallow to intermediate-depth earthquakes.Journal of Physical Earth,28:17-43.
Sibuet J C,Deffontaines B,Hsu S K,et al,1998.Okinawa Trough backarc basin:Early tectonic and magmatic evolution.Journal of Geophysical Research,103(B12):30245-30267.
Sibuet J C,Letouzey J,Barbier F,et al,1987.Back arc extension in the Okinawa Trough.Journal of Geophysical Research,92(B13):14041-14063.
Suo Y H,Li S Z,Dai L M,et al,2012.Cenozoic tectonic migration and basin evolution in East Asia and its continental margins.Acta Petrologica Sinica,28(8):2602-2618.
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