黄茅海五种常见海洋生物的热耐受性
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摘要
为研究黄茅海常见经济物种的热耐受性,采用动态实验法和静态实验法,研究了褐篮子鱼、褐菖鲉、褐石斑鱼、口虾蛄和日本蟳在不同基础水温(即驯化温度,14.0、18.0、24.0和30.8°C)和温升速率(0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、6.0、9.0、12.0和15.0°C/h)条件下的热耐受能力[最大临界温度(CTM)和24 h高起始致死温度(24 h UILT50)]。动态实验结果表明,基础水温和温升速率显著影响实验动物的热耐受能力,即实验动物的耐热性与基础水温呈正相关。温升速率对其热耐受性的影响受基础水温的制约:在4个基础水温条件下,随着温升速率的升高,实验动物的CTM总体呈上升趋势。静态实验结果表明,实验动物的24 h UILT50受物种差异和基础水温的影响显著。随着基础水温从14.0°C升高至30.8°C,褐篮子鱼、褐菖鲉、褐石斑鱼、口虾蛄和日本蟳的24 h UILT50分别从28.1、28.9、30.3、28.4和36.3°C显著上升至34.6、36.1、36.6、35.1和38.2°C。动态实验法和静态实验法分析发现,5种实验动物的热耐受能力依次为日本蟳>褐石斑鱼>褐菖鲉>口虾蛄>褐篮子鱼。
Using dynamic method and the static method, we studied the effects of acclimation temperature(14.0,18.0, 24.0, 30.8 °C) and temperature-rising rates(0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 9.0, 12.0, 15.0 °C/h) on the thermal tolerance of five common marine animals(Siganus fuscessens, Sebastiscus marmoratus, Epinephelus bruneus,Oratosquilla oratoria and Charybdis japonica) in Huangmao Sea, the South China Sea. The results showed that both acclimation temperature and temperature-rising rate significantly affected the critical thermal maximum(CTM) and the 24 h upper incipient lethal temperature(24 h UILT50) of the experimental animals. The CTM of each experimental species was positively related to acclimation temperature. The patterns in which temperaturerising rate affected the thermal tolerance of the animals varied among species, depending on acclimation temperature. In the static experiments, 24 h UILT50 of the experimental animals was species-specific and was positively related to acclimation temperature. The 24 h UILT50 of S. fuscessens, S. marmoratus, E. bruneus, O. oratoria and C.japonica increased from 28.1, 28.9, 30.3, 28.4, 36.3 °C to 34.6, 36.1, 36.6, 35.1, 38.2 °C with the increasing acclimation temperature(14.0 °C to 30.8 °C). In terms of thermal tolerance, the five experimental animals showed a ranking of C. japonica>E. bruneus>S. marmoratus>O. oratoria>S. fuscessens.
Using dynamic method and the static method, we studied the effects of acclimation temperature(14.0,18.0, 24.0, 30.8 °C) and temperature-rising rates(0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 9.0, 12.0, 15.0 °C/h) on the thermal tolerance of five common marine animals(Siganus fuscessens, Sebastiscus marmoratus, Epinephelus bruneus,Oratosquilla oratoria and Charybdis japonica) in Huangmao Sea, the South China Sea. The results showed that both acclimation temperature and temperature-rising rate significantly affected the critical thermal maximum(CTM) and the 24 h upper incipient lethal temperature(24 h UILT50) of the experimental animals. The CTM of each experimental species was positively related to acclimation temperature. The patterns in which temperaturerising rate affected the thermal tolerance of the animals varied among species, depending on acclimation temperature. In the static experiments, 24 h UILT50 of the experimental animals was species-specific and was positively related to acclimation temperature. The 24 h UILT50 of S. fuscessens, S. marmoratus, E. bruneus, O. oratoria and C.japonica increased from 28.1, 28.9, 30.3, 28.4, 36.3 °C to 34.6, 36.1, 36.6, 35.1, 38.2 °C with the increasing acclimation temperature(14.0 °C to 30.8 °C). In terms of thermal tolerance, the five experimental animals showed a ranking of C. japonica>E. bruneus>S. marmoratus>O. oratoria>S. fuscessens.
引文
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[2]刘永叶,刘森林,陈晓秋.核电站温排水的热污染控制对策[J].原子能科学技术,2009,43(S1):191-196.Liu Y Y,Liu S L,Chen X Q.Control countermeasures about thermal pollution of thermal discharge from nuclear power plants[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2009,43(S1):191-196(in Chinese).
[3]August S M,Hicks B J.Water temperature and upstream migration of glass eels in New Zealand:implications of climate change[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2008,81(2):195-205.
[4]陈昆慈,朱新平,杜合军,等.温度和盐度对宝石鲈胚胎发育的影响[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(6):1032-1037Chen K C,Zhu X P,Du H J,et al.Effects of temperature and salinity on the embryonic development of jade perch Scortum barcoo[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2007,14(6):1032-1037(in Chinese).
[5]白海文,张颖,李雪,等.温度对施氏鲟幼鱼摄食、生长和肠道消化酶活性的影响[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(5):799-805.Bai H W,Zhang Y,Li X,et al.Effects of water temperature on feeding,growth and activities of digestive enzymes of juvenile Acipenser schrenckii[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2012,19(5):799-805(in Chinese).
[6]Selong J H,Mc Mahon T E,Zale A V,et al.Effect of temperature on growth and survival of bull trout,with application of an improved method for determining thermal tolerance in fishes[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2001,130(6):1026-1037.
[7]Cook A M,Duston J,Bradford R G.Thermal tolerance of a northern population of striped bass Morone saxatilis[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2006,69(5):1482-1490.
[8]蔡泽平,陈浩如,金启增,等.热废水对大亚湾三种经济鱼类热效应的研究[J].热带海洋,1999,18(2):11-19.Cai Z P,Chen H R,Jin Q Z,et al.Influence of thermal power effluent on three species of fishes in Daya Bay[J].Tropic Oceanology,1999,18(2):11-19(in Chinese).
[9]廖一波,陈全震,曾江宁,等.我国4种重要海水经济鱼类热忍受研究[J].海洋环境科学,2007,26(5):458-460.Liao Y B,Chen Q Z,Zeng J N,et al.Study on thermal tolerance of four commercial important fishes[J].Marine Environmental Science,2007,26(5):458-460(in Chinese).
[10]吴宁,李文静,黎中宝,等.5种鳗鲡幼鳗极限温度的耐受性初步研究[J].南方水产科学,2010,6(6):14-19.Wu N,Li W J,Li Z B,et al.Preliminary study on tolerance of elver of 5 Anguilla species to ultimate water temperature[J].South China Fisheries Science,2010,6(6):14-19(in Chinese).
[11]Mora C,Maya M F.Effect of the rate of temperature increase of the dynamic method on the heat tolerance of fishes[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2006,31(4):337-341.
[12]王妤,宋志明,刘鉴毅,等.点篮子鱼幼鱼的热耐受特征[J].海洋渔业,2015,37(3):253-258.Wang Y,Song Z M,Liu J Y,et al.Thermal tolerance ofjuvenile Siganus guttatas[J].Marine Fisheries,2015,37 (3):253-258(in Chinese).
[13]蒋朝鹏,徐兆礼,陈佳杰,等.秦山核电温排水对鱼类分布的影响[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(2):478-488.Jiang C P,Xu Z L,Chen J J,et al.Effects of the thermal discharge from Qinshan Nuclear Plant on the distribution pattern of fish[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2016,23(2):478-488(in Chinese).
[14]Hernández R M,Bückle R L F.Temperature tolerance polygon of Poecilia sphenops Valenciennes(Pisces:Poeciliidae)[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2002,27(1):1-5.
[15]於凡,张永兴.滨海核电站温排水对海洋生态系统影响的研究[J].辐射防护通讯,2008,28(1):1-7.Yu F,Zhang Y X.The review on the effects of thermal effluent from nuclear plants on the marine ecosystem[J].Radiation Protection Bulletin,2008,28(1):1-7(in Chinese).
[16]Galbreath P F,Adams N D,Martin T H.Influence of heating rate on measurement of time to thermal maximum in trout[J].Aquaculture,2004,241(1-4):587-599.
[17]Brett J R.Some principles in the thermal requirements of fishes[J].The Quarterly Review of Biology,1956,31(2):75-87.
[18]Becker C D,Genoway R G.Evaluation of the critical thermal maximum for determining thermal tolerance of freshwater fish[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,1979,4(3):245-256.
[19]Brett J R.Temperature tolerance in young Pacific salmon,genus Oncorhynchus[J].Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada,1952,9(6):265-323.
[20]Vinagre C,Leal I,Mendon?a V,et al.Effect of warming rate on the critical thermal maxima of crabs,shrimp and fish[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2015,47:19-25.
[21]Zhang Y Y,Kieffer J D.Critical thermal maximum(CT-max)and hematology of shortnose sturgeons(Acipenser brevirostrum)acclimated to three temperatures[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,2014,92(3):215-221.
[22]陈全震,曾江宁,高爱根,等.鱼类热忍耐温度研究进展[J].水产学报,2004,28(5):562-567.Chen Q Z,Zeng J N,Gao A G,et al.Advances in study of temperature of thermal tolerance of fishes[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2004,28(5):562-567(in Chinese).
[23]Chung K S.Critical thermal maxima and acclimationrate of the tropical guppy Poecilla reticulata[J].Hydrobiologia,2001,462(1-3):253-257.
[24]Chatterjee N,Pal A K,Manush S M,et al.Thermal tolerance and oxygen consumption of Labeo rohita and Cyprinus carpio early fingerlings acclimated to three different temperatures[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2004,29(6):265-270.
[25]付康康,曹振东,付世建.温度驯化对高体鳑鲏热耐受及低氧耐受能力的影响[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(6):1586-1590.Fu K K,Cao Z D,Fu S J.Effects of acclimation temperature on thermal tolerance and hypoxia tolerance in Rhodeus ocellatus[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(6):1586-1590(in Chinese).
[26]王云松,曹振东,付世建,等.南方鲇幼鱼的热耐受特征[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(12):2136-2140.Wang Y S,Cao Z D,Fu S J,et al.Thermal tolerance of juvenile Silurus meridionalis Chen[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2008,27(12):2136-2140(in Chinese).
[27]Das T,Pal A K,Chakraborty S K,et al.Thermal tolerance and oxygen consumption of Indian major carps acclimated to four temperatures[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2004,29(3):157-163.
[28]Fernando A V,Lochmann S E,Haukenes A H.Critical thermal maxima of juvenile alligator gar(Atractosteus spatula,Lacépède,1803)from three Mississippi‐drainage populations acclimated to three temperatures[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2016,32(4):701-705.
[29]Currie R J,Bennett W A,Beitinger T L.Critical thermal minima and maxima of three freshwater game-fish species acclimated to constant temperatures[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,1998,51(2):187-200.
[30]Monirian J,Sutphin Z,Myrick C.Effects of holdingtemperature and handling stress on the upper thermal tolerance of threadfin shad Dorosoma petenense[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2010,76(6):1329-1342.
[31]夏继刚,蔡瑞钰,吕潇,等.升温/降温速率和驯化模式对斑马鱼及孔雀鱼热耐受性测定的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(8):2170-2174.Xia J G,Cai R Y,LüX,et al.The effects of heating/cooling rate and acclimation mode on the determination of thermal tolerance of zebrafish(Danio rerio)and guppy(Poecilia reticulata)[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(8):2170-2174(in Chinese).
[32]Elliott J M,Elliott J A.The effect of the rate of temperature increase on the critical thermal maximum for parr of Atlantic salmon and brown trout[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1995,47(5):917-919.
[33]窦硕增,南鸥,曹亮,等.石岛湾四种常见鱼类的热耐受性比较研究[J].海洋科学,2017,41(9):56-64.Dou S Z,Nan O,Cao L,et al.A comparative study of the thermal tolerance of four common fish species in Shidao Bay,the Yellow Sea[J].Marine Sciences,2017,41(9):56-64(in Chinese).
[34]Hutchison V H,Murphy K.Behavioral thermoregulation in the salamander Necturus maculosus after heat shock[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology,1985,82(2):391-394.
[35]Lutterschmidt W I,Hutchison V H.The critical thermal maximum:history and critique[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,1997,75(10):1561-1574.
[36]Beitinger T L,Bennett W A,Mc Cauley R W.Temperature tolerances of north American freshwater fishes exposed to dynamic changes in temperature[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2000,58(3):237-275.
[2]刘永叶,刘森林,陈晓秋.核电站温排水的热污染控制对策[J].原子能科学技术,2009,43(S1):191-196.Liu Y Y,Liu S L,Chen X Q.Control countermeasures about thermal pollution of thermal discharge from nuclear power plants[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2009,43(S1):191-196(in Chinese).
[3]August S M,Hicks B J.Water temperature and upstream migration of glass eels in New Zealand:implications of climate change[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2008,81(2):195-205.
[4]陈昆慈,朱新平,杜合军,等.温度和盐度对宝石鲈胚胎发育的影响[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(6):1032-1037Chen K C,Zhu X P,Du H J,et al.Effects of temperature and salinity on the embryonic development of jade perch Scortum barcoo[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2007,14(6):1032-1037(in Chinese).
[5]白海文,张颖,李雪,等.温度对施氏鲟幼鱼摄食、生长和肠道消化酶活性的影响[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(5):799-805.Bai H W,Zhang Y,Li X,et al.Effects of water temperature on feeding,growth and activities of digestive enzymes of juvenile Acipenser schrenckii[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2012,19(5):799-805(in Chinese).
[6]Selong J H,Mc Mahon T E,Zale A V,et al.Effect of temperature on growth and survival of bull trout,with application of an improved method for determining thermal tolerance in fishes[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2001,130(6):1026-1037.
[7]Cook A M,Duston J,Bradford R G.Thermal tolerance of a northern population of striped bass Morone saxatilis[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2006,69(5):1482-1490.
[8]蔡泽平,陈浩如,金启增,等.热废水对大亚湾三种经济鱼类热效应的研究[J].热带海洋,1999,18(2):11-19.Cai Z P,Chen H R,Jin Q Z,et al.Influence of thermal power effluent on three species of fishes in Daya Bay[J].Tropic Oceanology,1999,18(2):11-19(in Chinese).
[9]廖一波,陈全震,曾江宁,等.我国4种重要海水经济鱼类热忍受研究[J].海洋环境科学,2007,26(5):458-460.Liao Y B,Chen Q Z,Zeng J N,et al.Study on thermal tolerance of four commercial important fishes[J].Marine Environmental Science,2007,26(5):458-460(in Chinese).
[10]吴宁,李文静,黎中宝,等.5种鳗鲡幼鳗极限温度的耐受性初步研究[J].南方水产科学,2010,6(6):14-19.Wu N,Li W J,Li Z B,et al.Preliminary study on tolerance of elver of 5 Anguilla species to ultimate water temperature[J].South China Fisheries Science,2010,6(6):14-19(in Chinese).
[11]Mora C,Maya M F.Effect of the rate of temperature increase of the dynamic method on the heat tolerance of fishes[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2006,31(4):337-341.
[12]王妤,宋志明,刘鉴毅,等.点篮子鱼幼鱼的热耐受特征[J].海洋渔业,2015,37(3):253-258.Wang Y,Song Z M,Liu J Y,et al.Thermal tolerance ofjuvenile Siganus guttatas[J].Marine Fisheries,2015,37 (3):253-258(in Chinese).
[13]蒋朝鹏,徐兆礼,陈佳杰,等.秦山核电温排水对鱼类分布的影响[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(2):478-488.Jiang C P,Xu Z L,Chen J J,et al.Effects of the thermal discharge from Qinshan Nuclear Plant on the distribution pattern of fish[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2016,23(2):478-488(in Chinese).
[14]Hernández R M,Bückle R L F.Temperature tolerance polygon of Poecilia sphenops Valenciennes(Pisces:Poeciliidae)[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2002,27(1):1-5.
[15]於凡,张永兴.滨海核电站温排水对海洋生态系统影响的研究[J].辐射防护通讯,2008,28(1):1-7.Yu F,Zhang Y X.The review on the effects of thermal effluent from nuclear plants on the marine ecosystem[J].Radiation Protection Bulletin,2008,28(1):1-7(in Chinese).
[16]Galbreath P F,Adams N D,Martin T H.Influence of heating rate on measurement of time to thermal maximum in trout[J].Aquaculture,2004,241(1-4):587-599.
[17]Brett J R.Some principles in the thermal requirements of fishes[J].The Quarterly Review of Biology,1956,31(2):75-87.
[18]Becker C D,Genoway R G.Evaluation of the critical thermal maximum for determining thermal tolerance of freshwater fish[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,1979,4(3):245-256.
[19]Brett J R.Temperature tolerance in young Pacific salmon,genus Oncorhynchus[J].Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada,1952,9(6):265-323.
[20]Vinagre C,Leal I,Mendon?a V,et al.Effect of warming rate on the critical thermal maxima of crabs,shrimp and fish[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2015,47:19-25.
[21]Zhang Y Y,Kieffer J D.Critical thermal maximum(CT-max)and hematology of shortnose sturgeons(Acipenser brevirostrum)acclimated to three temperatures[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,2014,92(3):215-221.
[22]陈全震,曾江宁,高爱根,等.鱼类热忍耐温度研究进展[J].水产学报,2004,28(5):562-567.Chen Q Z,Zeng J N,Gao A G,et al.Advances in study of temperature of thermal tolerance of fishes[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2004,28(5):562-567(in Chinese).
[23]Chung K S.Critical thermal maxima and acclimationrate of the tropical guppy Poecilla reticulata[J].Hydrobiologia,2001,462(1-3):253-257.
[24]Chatterjee N,Pal A K,Manush S M,et al.Thermal tolerance and oxygen consumption of Labeo rohita and Cyprinus carpio early fingerlings acclimated to three different temperatures[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2004,29(6):265-270.
[25]付康康,曹振东,付世建.温度驯化对高体鳑鲏热耐受及低氧耐受能力的影响[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(6):1586-1590.Fu K K,Cao Z D,Fu S J.Effects of acclimation temperature on thermal tolerance and hypoxia tolerance in Rhodeus ocellatus[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(6):1586-1590(in Chinese).
[26]王云松,曹振东,付世建,等.南方鲇幼鱼的热耐受特征[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(12):2136-2140.Wang Y S,Cao Z D,Fu S J,et al.Thermal tolerance of juvenile Silurus meridionalis Chen[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2008,27(12):2136-2140(in Chinese).
[27]Das T,Pal A K,Chakraborty S K,et al.Thermal tolerance and oxygen consumption of Indian major carps acclimated to four temperatures[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2004,29(3):157-163.
[28]Fernando A V,Lochmann S E,Haukenes A H.Critical thermal maxima of juvenile alligator gar(Atractosteus spatula,Lacépède,1803)from three Mississippi‐drainage populations acclimated to three temperatures[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2016,32(4):701-705.
[29]Currie R J,Bennett W A,Beitinger T L.Critical thermal minima and maxima of three freshwater game-fish species acclimated to constant temperatures[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,1998,51(2):187-200.
[30]Monirian J,Sutphin Z,Myrick C.Effects of holdingtemperature and handling stress on the upper thermal tolerance of threadfin shad Dorosoma petenense[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2010,76(6):1329-1342.
[31]夏继刚,蔡瑞钰,吕潇,等.升温/降温速率和驯化模式对斑马鱼及孔雀鱼热耐受性测定的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(8):2170-2174.Xia J G,Cai R Y,LüX,et al.The effects of heating/cooling rate and acclimation mode on the determination of thermal tolerance of zebrafish(Danio rerio)and guppy(Poecilia reticulata)[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(8):2170-2174(in Chinese).
[32]Elliott J M,Elliott J A.The effect of the rate of temperature increase on the critical thermal maximum for parr of Atlantic salmon and brown trout[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1995,47(5):917-919.
[33]窦硕增,南鸥,曹亮,等.石岛湾四种常见鱼类的热耐受性比较研究[J].海洋科学,2017,41(9):56-64.Dou S Z,Nan O,Cao L,et al.A comparative study of the thermal tolerance of four common fish species in Shidao Bay,the Yellow Sea[J].Marine Sciences,2017,41(9):56-64(in Chinese).
[34]Hutchison V H,Murphy K.Behavioral thermoregulation in the salamander Necturus maculosus after heat shock[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology,1985,82(2):391-394.
[35]Lutterschmidt W I,Hutchison V H.The critical thermal maximum:history and critique[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,1997,75(10):1561-1574.
[36]Beitinger T L,Bennett W A,Mc Cauley R W.Temperature tolerances of north American freshwater fishes exposed to dynamic changes in temperature[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2000,58(3):237-275.