加热温度对超纯铁素体含铜不锈钢热脆敏感性的影响
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摘要
在Gleeble-3500热模拟机上对21Cr-1.4Cu超纯铁素体不锈钢进行高温拉伸试验,研究加热温度对试验钢热脆敏感性的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜、激光共聚焦显微镜和能谱分析等方法对显微组织和化学成分进行了对比分析。结果表明,1300℃加热时,试验钢由于过烧产生了高温脆性。1150℃加热时,热脆敏感性最高,产生铜裂。1200~1250℃加热时,热脆敏感性较低,发生塑性变形。研究发现,加热温度为1150℃时,形成的氧化物开始呈液态,冷却后形成包裹状或共晶结构的硅酸盐细颗粒。这些脆性物质使晶界强度降低,结合松脆最后导致严重铜裂。
High temperature tensile of 21Cr-1. 4Cu ultra pure ferritic stainless steel was tested in Gleeble 3500 thermal simulation machine and effect of heating temperature on hot shortness sensitivity of the tested steel was studied. Microstructure and composition of the steel were characterized by means of scanning electron microscope,laser scanning confocal microscope and energy dispersive spectroscope analysis respectively. The results show that when heated at 1300 ℃,high temperature brittleness is due to the burnt in the tested steel. While heated at 1150 ℃,hot brittleness sensitivity is caused by copper and it produces cracks in the tensile test. When heated during 1200-1250 ℃,low copper brittleness sensitivity and plastic deformation occurs. It is concluded that when heated at 1150 ℃,the oxide starts to be liquidized and forms the fine cellular or eutectic structure granular silicate. These brittle matters make the grain boundary strength reduce,finally lead to serious copper cracking.
High temperature tensile of 21Cr-1. 4Cu ultra pure ferritic stainless steel was tested in Gleeble 3500 thermal simulation machine and effect of heating temperature on hot shortness sensitivity of the tested steel was studied. Microstructure and composition of the steel were characterized by means of scanning electron microscope,laser scanning confocal microscope and energy dispersive spectroscope analysis respectively. The results show that when heated at 1300 ℃,high temperature brittleness is due to the burnt in the tested steel. While heated at 1150 ℃,hot brittleness sensitivity is caused by copper and it produces cracks in the tensile test. When heated during 1200-1250 ℃,low copper brittleness sensitivity and plastic deformation occurs. It is concluded that when heated at 1150 ℃,the oxide starts to be liquidized and forms the fine cellular or eutectic structure granular silicate. These brittle matters make the grain boundary strength reduce,finally lead to serious copper cracking.
引文
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[3]Hung C F,Wu C Z,Lee W F,et al.The effect of nitrided layer on antibacterial properties for biomedical stainless steel[J].Physics Procedia,2012,32:914-919.
[4]Li N,Ke Y.Cu ions dissolution from Cu-bearing antibacterial stainless steel[J].Journal of Materials Science and Technology,2010,26(10):941-944.
[5]吕曼祺,陈四红,董加胜,等.铁素体抗菌不锈钢杀菌过程与机理初探[J].金属功能材料,2005,12(6):10-13.LüManqi,Chen Sihong,Dong Jiasheng,et al.Pilot study about the killing bacteria process and mechanism of ferrite antibacterial stainless steel[J].Metallic Functional Materials,2005,12(6):10-13.
[6]陈四红,吕曼祺,张敬党,等.含Cu抗菌不锈钢的微观组织及其抗菌性能[[J].金属学报,2004,40(3):314-318.Chen Sihong,LüManqi,Zhang Jingdang,et al.Microstructure and antibacterial properties of Cu-contained and its antibacterial properties antibacterial stainless steel[J].Acta Metallurcica Sinica,2004,40(3):314-318.
[7]杨柯,董加胜,陈四红,等.含Cu抗菌不锈钢的工艺与耐蚀性能[J].材料研究学报,2006,20(5):523-527.Yang Ke,Dong Jiasheng,Chen Sihong,et al.The craftwork performance and resistance to corrosion of the Cu-containing antibacterial stainless steels[J].Chinese Journal of Materials Research,2006,20(5):523-527.
[8]李长荣,杨小平,文辉,等.铜元素在钢表面氧化过程中富集规律的研究[J].热加工工艺,2010,39(4):8-14.Li Changrong,Yang Xiaoping,Wen Hui,et al.Study on enrichment rule of copper in steel surface during oxidation[J].Hot Working Technology,2010,39(4):8-14.
[9]刘锟,李飞,吴耐,等.低Ni/Cu比钢中铜的富集行为[J].金属热处理,2012,37(5):29-33.Liu Kun,Li Fei,Wu Nai,et al.Copper enrichment behavior in copper containing steel with low Ni/Cu ratio[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2012,37(5):29-33.
[10]陈爱华,岳重祥,吴圣杰,等.345 MPa级耐候钢中Ni对Cu富集行为的影响[J].金属热处理,2015,40(2):35-40.Chen Aihua,Yue Chongxiang,Wu Shengjie,et al.Effect of Ni on Cu enrichment in 345 MPa grade weathering steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2015,40(2):35-40.
[11]Shibata K,Seo S J,Kaga M,et al.Suppression of surface hot shortness due to Cu in recycled steels[J].Materials Transactions,2002,43(3):292-300.
[12]Rana R,Bleck W,Singh S B,et al.Hot shortness behavior of a copper-alloyed high strength interstitial free steel[J].Materials Science&Engineering:A,2013,588:288-298.
[13]Garza L G,Van Tyne C J.Surface hot-shortness of 1045 forging steel with residual copper[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2005,159(2):169-180.
[14]李清斌,王晓春,译.合金中的扩散性相变与合金热力学[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1984: