热学陶瓷研究进展
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摘要
陶瓷的热学性能包括比热容、导热率、导温系数(热扩散系数)、热膨胀率、热辐射率和对工程技术具有实用意义的材料热稳定性。完整的热学陶瓷学科包括:1)热学陶瓷材料的基础理论以及根据材料成分和结构,准确预测各种热性能的理论和方法;2)各种热学性能的表征技术;3)各种形态和结构的热学陶瓷制品的制造技术和工艺;4)热学陶瓷材料在各种不同场合的应用技术;5)热学陶瓷材料性能数据库。随着对热物理性质以及性质与材料成分、结构之间关系的深入研究,开发出许多具有优异性能的热学陶瓷材料及其制造工艺。今后热学陶瓷的发展有以下几个值得关注的方向:1)现有材料的性能提高和制造工艺的改进;2)在材料理论计算的基础上指导新材料开发;3)与纳米理论、纳米技术结合;4)探索热超构材料。
The thermal properties of ceramics are specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, thermal expansion coefficient, thermal emissivity and thermal stability,which is useful for engineering research and application. All the aspects on thermal ceramics involve 1) the fundamental theory on thermal properties of materials, and the theory and methodology of evaluation of thermal properties based upon the structures and compositions, 2) the characterization of thermal properties, 3) the technologies for making thermal ceramic products with various properties, shapes and dimensions, 4) the application of thermal ceramics and 5) the database of thermal ceramics. The thermal ceramics are widely applied in industry, agriculture, daily life, and defense engineering, and in some cases, they are used as key materials. Many ceramics with the prominent thermal properties and manufacturing processes have been developed due to the wide and profound studies on the thermal ceramics. The further development of thermal ceramics should focus on 1) optimization of the properties of the existing thermal ceramics and improvement of their manufacturing processes, 2) development of new ceramics based on material calculation, 3) combination with nano-material theory and technology, and 4) study on thermal metamaterials as well.
The thermal properties of ceramics are specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, thermal expansion coefficient, thermal emissivity and thermal stability,which is useful for engineering research and application. All the aspects on thermal ceramics involve 1) the fundamental theory on thermal properties of materials, and the theory and methodology of evaluation of thermal properties based upon the structures and compositions, 2) the characterization of thermal properties, 3) the technologies for making thermal ceramic products with various properties, shapes and dimensions, 4) the application of thermal ceramics and 5) the database of thermal ceramics. The thermal ceramics are widely applied in industry, agriculture, daily life, and defense engineering, and in some cases, they are used as key materials. Many ceramics with the prominent thermal properties and manufacturing processes have been developed due to the wide and profound studies on the thermal ceramics. The further development of thermal ceramics should focus on 1) optimization of the properties of the existing thermal ceramics and improvement of their manufacturing processes, 2) development of new ceramics based on material calculation, 3) combination with nano-material theory and technology, and 4) study on thermal metamaterials as well.
引文
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[15]SUPRADEEP N,YUKI S,Heat flux manipulation with engineered thermal materials[J].Phys Rev Lett,2012,108:21.
[2]KITTLE C.Introduction to Solid State Physics[M].John Wiley and Sons,New York,1976:137.
[3]李懋强,热学陶瓷–性能·测试·工艺[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2013:91.
[4]SHEPPARD L M.Aluminum nitride:a versatile but challenging material[J].Am Ceram Soc Bull,1990,69(11):1801–1812.
[5]MOUNET N,MARZARI N.First-principles determination of the structural,vibrational and thermodynamic properties of diamond,graphite,and derivatives[J].Phys Rev B,2005,71:205214.
[6]LINDSAY L,BOIDO D A,Reinecke T L.First-principle determination of ultrahigh thermal conductivity of boron arsenide:a competitor for diamond?[J].Phys Rev Lett,2013,111:025901.
[7]谢华清,奚同庚.低维材料热物理[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,2008:76.
[8]SPEIL S.Low Density Thermal Insulations for Aerospace Applications[J].Appl Mater Res,1964,3(4):239–242.
[9]BARBER S,KWON Y K,TOMANEK D.Unusually high thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes[J].Phys Rev Lett,2000,84:4613–4616.
[10]PENDRY J B,HOLDEN A J,ROBBINS D J,et al.,Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomea[J].IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech,1999,47:2075–2084.
[11]SHELBY R A,SMITH D R,SCHULTZ S.Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction[J].Science,2001,292:77–79.
[12]LANDY N,SAJUYIGBE S,MOCK J J,et al.Perfect metamaterial absorber[J].Phys Rev Lett,2008,100:207402.
[13]DIEM M,KOSCHNY T,SOUKOULIS C M.Wide-angle perfect absorber/thermal emitter in the terahertz regime[J].Phys Rev B,2009,79(3):033101.
[14]FAN C Z,GAO Y,HUANG J P.Shaped graded materials with an apparent negative thermal conductivity[J].Appl Phys Lett,2008,92:251907.
[15]SUPRADEEP N,YUKI S,Heat flux manipulation with engineered thermal materials[J].Phys Rev Lett,2012,108:21.