高温应变片的热输出耦合特性
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摘要
系统运用材料物理学、弹性力学、热力学、工程测试技术的理论知识以及有限元数值仿真、实验分析等方法,研究高温应变片热输出误差的影响因素并得出补偿修正模型.首先根据材料电阻温度效应理论及热膨胀理论研究了高温应变片热输出的耦合特性,建立耦合作用下高温应变片的热输出模型,得到了构件、胶层和应变片三者耦合作用下应变片热输出的理论表达式;然后根据材料的电阻温度效应推导出不同栅丝材料的电导率参数,利用有限元仿真得到不同材料栅丝的热输出特性,选择其中的两种栅丝材料作为本文的研究对象得到其在耦合作用下的热输出并与实验数据对比,相对误差小于7%.最后基于理论模型和实验结果,建立了高温应变片热输出补偿模型,补偿修正后结果与理论值误差在9%以内,补偿效果良好.
Contact strain measurement is used to study the high-temperature mechanical behavior of materials and components.The measurement precision,which is mainly affected by the thermal output,is very vital in high-temperature strain measurement. By combining experimental analysis with the theories of materials physics,elastic mechanics,thermos-dynamics,mechanical engineering testing technology,and finite element method( FEM),the influence factors of the thermal output error of high-temperature strain gauge were studied,and a compensation model was established,and then a test was conducted to verify the model accuracy and experimental results. In this study,the coupling characteristics of the thermal output of high-temperature strain gauges were investigated based on the thermal expansion theory and the temperature-resistance properties of the material,and the thermal output model of strain gauges was established. Then,the theoretical expression of the heat output under the coupled action of the member,rubber layer,and strain gauge was obtained. Based on the resistor-temperature effects,the electrical conductivities of different wire materials were obtained,and the thermal output property of the grid wire was studied by finite element method. According to the results,two kinds of wire mesh materials were selected as the research object of this paper,and the simulation results were compared with the experimental data,the relative error is less than 7%. Finally,a compensation model of high-temperature strain thermal output was obtained from the theoretical model and experimental results. The results show that the error between the compensation correction and the theoretical value is less than9%; thus,the error compensation is efficient.
Contact strain measurement is used to study the high-temperature mechanical behavior of materials and components.The measurement precision,which is mainly affected by the thermal output,is very vital in high-temperature strain measurement. By combining experimental analysis with the theories of materials physics,elastic mechanics,thermos-dynamics,mechanical engineering testing technology,and finite element method( FEM),the influence factors of the thermal output error of high-temperature strain gauge were studied,and a compensation model was established,and then a test was conducted to verify the model accuracy and experimental results. In this study,the coupling characteristics of the thermal output of high-temperature strain gauges were investigated based on the thermal expansion theory and the temperature-resistance properties of the material,and the thermal output model of strain gauges was established. Then,the theoretical expression of the heat output under the coupled action of the member,rubber layer,and strain gauge was obtained. Based on the resistor-temperature effects,the electrical conductivities of different wire materials were obtained,and the thermal output property of the grid wire was studied by finite element method. According to the results,two kinds of wire mesh materials were selected as the research object of this paper,and the simulation results were compared with the experimental data,the relative error is less than 7%. Finally,a compensation model of high-temperature strain thermal output was obtained from the theoretical model and experimental results. The results show that the error between the compensation correction and the theoretical value is less than9%; thus,the error compensation is efficient.
引文
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[2]Richards W L.A new correction techniques for strain gauge measurements acquired in transient-temperature environments//NASA Technical Paper.Washington,1996:Art No.3593
[3]Richards W L.Strain gage measurement errors in the transient heating of structural components//NASA Technical Memorandum104274.Washington,1993
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[5]Yin F Y.Correction technique for high temperature strain gage under transient heating conditions.Struct Environ Eng,2005,32(1):36(尹福炎.瞬态加热条件下高温应变计测量误差的修正方法.强度与环境,2005,32(1):36)
[6]Wang W R,Zhang J M,Nie S.Simulation and experiment on influence factor of contact high temperature strain measurement accuracy.J Solid Rocket Technol,2015,38(3):439(王文瑞,张佳明,聂帅.高温应变接触式测量精度影响因素研究.固体火箭技术,2015,38(3):439)
[7]Liu Z C,Yu D P,Lu Y Y,et al.Thermal output test of high temperature strain gauge.Nucl Power Eng,2011,32(Suppl 1):166(刘梓材,喻丹萍,卢琰琰,等.高温应变片热输出测试.核动力工程,2011,32(增刊1):166)
[8]Wang W R,Zhang J M,Yan X Q,et al.Calibration method for the core parameters of high temperature strain gauges.Chin J Eng,2015,37(12):1645(王文瑞,张佳明,闫晓强,等.高温应变片关键参数标定方法.工程科学学报,2015,37(12):1645)
[9]Ai Y T,Ye Y X,Sun D,et al.Simulation study of measurement accuracy of strain gauge under transient heating conditions.Control Instr Chem Ind,2014,41(2):158(艾延廷,叶迎西,孙丹,等.瞬态加热下应变片测量精度的仿真研究.化工自动化及仪表,2014,41(2):158)
[10]Zhang J M,Wang W R,Nie S.Research and calibration experiment of characteristic parameters of high temperature resistance strain gauges.China Meas Test,2014,40(5):25(张佳明,王文瑞,聂帅.高温电阻应变片特性参数标定实验研究.中国测试,2014,40(5):25)
[11]Ma L C,Wu T T,Zhao L B.Development of temperature-compensated resistance strain gages for use to 800℃.Exp Mech,1990,30(1):17
[12]Ajovalasit A.Advances in strain gauge measurement on composite materials.Strain,2011,47(4):313
[13]Wei Y,Zhang A Y,Cao Z W.Research on influence of thermal output for different alloying composition specimen.Struct Environ Eng,2009,36(4):50(魏元,张爱茵,曹志伟.试件合金成分对热输出影响的研究.强度与环境,2009,36(4):50)
[14]Wu Z D,Tao B Q.Principle and Technology of Strain Measurement.Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1982(吴宗岱,陶宝祺.应变电测原理及技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1982)
[15]Yin F Y,Wang W R,Yan X Q.High Temperature/Low Temperature Resistance Strain Gauge and Its Application.Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2014(尹福炎,王文瑞,闫晓强.高温、低温电阻应变片及其应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2014)
[2]Richards W L.A new correction techniques for strain gauge measurements acquired in transient-temperature environments//NASA Technical Paper.Washington,1996:Art No.3593
[3]Richards W L.Strain gage measurement errors in the transient heating of structural components//NASA Technical Memorandum104274.Washington,1993
[4]Ye Y X,Sun T H,Ai Y T.Simulation study of temperature influence on testing precision of strain gauge.J Shenyang Aerosp Univ,2013,30(2):27(叶迎西,孙天贺,艾延廷.温度对电阻应变片测量精度影响的仿真研究.沈阳航空航天大学学报,2013,30(2):27)
[5]Yin F Y.Correction technique for high temperature strain gage under transient heating conditions.Struct Environ Eng,2005,32(1):36(尹福炎.瞬态加热条件下高温应变计测量误差的修正方法.强度与环境,2005,32(1):36)
[6]Wang W R,Zhang J M,Nie S.Simulation and experiment on influence factor of contact high temperature strain measurement accuracy.J Solid Rocket Technol,2015,38(3):439(王文瑞,张佳明,聂帅.高温应变接触式测量精度影响因素研究.固体火箭技术,2015,38(3):439)
[7]Liu Z C,Yu D P,Lu Y Y,et al.Thermal output test of high temperature strain gauge.Nucl Power Eng,2011,32(Suppl 1):166(刘梓材,喻丹萍,卢琰琰,等.高温应变片热输出测试.核动力工程,2011,32(增刊1):166)
[8]Wang W R,Zhang J M,Yan X Q,et al.Calibration method for the core parameters of high temperature strain gauges.Chin J Eng,2015,37(12):1645(王文瑞,张佳明,闫晓强,等.高温应变片关键参数标定方法.工程科学学报,2015,37(12):1645)
[9]Ai Y T,Ye Y X,Sun D,et al.Simulation study of measurement accuracy of strain gauge under transient heating conditions.Control Instr Chem Ind,2014,41(2):158(艾延廷,叶迎西,孙丹,等.瞬态加热下应变片测量精度的仿真研究.化工自动化及仪表,2014,41(2):158)
[10]Zhang J M,Wang W R,Nie S.Research and calibration experiment of characteristic parameters of high temperature resistance strain gauges.China Meas Test,2014,40(5):25(张佳明,王文瑞,聂帅.高温电阻应变片特性参数标定实验研究.中国测试,2014,40(5):25)
[11]Ma L C,Wu T T,Zhao L B.Development of temperature-compensated resistance strain gages for use to 800℃.Exp Mech,1990,30(1):17
[12]Ajovalasit A.Advances in strain gauge measurement on composite materials.Strain,2011,47(4):313
[13]Wei Y,Zhang A Y,Cao Z W.Research on influence of thermal output for different alloying composition specimen.Struct Environ Eng,2009,36(4):50(魏元,张爱茵,曹志伟.试件合金成分对热输出影响的研究.强度与环境,2009,36(4):50)
[14]Wu Z D,Tao B Q.Principle and Technology of Strain Measurement.Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1982(吴宗岱,陶宝祺.应变电测原理及技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1982)
[15]Yin F Y,Wang W R,Yan X Q.High Temperature/Low Temperature Resistance Strain Gauge and Its Application.Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2014(尹福炎,王文瑞,闫晓强.高温、低温电阻应变片及其应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2014)