喷砂表面三维粗糙度参数对涂层结合强度的影响
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摘要
目的揭示喷砂预处理表面三维粗糙度参数对热喷涂层结合强度的影响规律。方法以喷砂距离和喷砂速度为影响因子,对45#钢试样进行喷砂处理,采用三维光学显微镜测得各工艺参数下喷砂表面的三维形貌及三维粗糙度参数,并利用"粘接-拉伸"测试方法测得涂层的结合强度。利用回归分析方法,建立涂层结合强度与三维粗糙度参数间回归数学模型,并进一步分析三维粗糙度参数的影响机制。结果喷砂预处理表面随机分布着许多不规则形状的凸峰和凹坑,方向各异,没有固定的取向,其整体表面粗糙度S_a平均为4.84μm,涂层结合强度平均为32.8 MPa。涂层结合强度与三维粗糙度参数间存在着非线性相关关系,且S_a、S_(dr)、S_(dq)、S_q对涂层结合强度的影响较为显著。S_a和S_(dr)越大,有利于增大涂层与基体的接触面积;S_(dq)较大时,所形成的凹坑及凸峰较为尖锐,有利于为涂层机械结合提供更多的锚固点;结合界面的S_q较大时,其表面形貌以较深的凹坑为主,导致凹坑深处易形成残留气孔缺陷,降低涂层与基体间的润湿效果及结合性能。结论 S_a、S_(dr)、S_(dq)、S_q为涂层结合强度的主要影响因素,且存在非线性回归关系,各三维粗糙度参数对涂层结合强度的影响机制及趋势与回归数学模型一致。
The work aims to reveal the effects of three-dimensional roughness parameters of sandblasted pretreatment surface on bond strength of thermal spray coating. The effect analysis was carried out on the surfaces of 45~# steel specimens, which were pretreated with sandblasting at different distances and speeds as the processing parameters. The three-dimensional topography and roughness parameters of the sandblasted surfaces were obtained by the three-dimensional optical microscope. The bond strength of thermal spraying coatings was tested with the testing methods of "bonding-stretching". Using the regression analysis method, the mathematical model between the bond strength and the three-dimensional roughness parameters of coating was established, and the effect mechanism of the three-dimensional roughness parameters was further analyzed. The results indicated that many irregular peaks and pits were randomly distributed on the sandblasted surface without fixed orientation. The average surface roughness and bonding strength of the coating were 4.84 μm and 32.8 MPa, respectively. The relationship between bond strength and 3 D roughness parameters is linked by nonlinear correlation. The effect of three-dimensional roughness parameters S_a, S_(dr), S_(dq), S_q on the bond strength of the coating is significant. The contact area of coating with the substrate increases with the increasing of Sa and Sdr. The larger the S_(dq) is, the sharper the pits and peaks of the blasted surface are, which is beneficial to provide more anchor points for mechanical bonding of the coating. The surface topography of the combined interface with larger S_q mainly consists of deep pits, which leads to the formation of residual porosity defects in the depth of the pit and reduces the wetting effect and bonding performance between coating and substrate. S_a, S_(dr), S_(dq), S_q are the main influencing factors for bond strength of thermal spraying coating, and the regression relationship is nonlinear. The effect mechanism and trend of each three-dimensional roughness parameter on the bond strength of the coating are consistent with the regression mathematical model.
The work aims to reveal the effects of three-dimensional roughness parameters of sandblasted pretreatment surface on bond strength of thermal spray coating. The effect analysis was carried out on the surfaces of 45~# steel specimens, which were pretreated with sandblasting at different distances and speeds as the processing parameters. The three-dimensional topography and roughness parameters of the sandblasted surfaces were obtained by the three-dimensional optical microscope. The bond strength of thermal spraying coatings was tested with the testing methods of "bonding-stretching". Using the regression analysis method, the mathematical model between the bond strength and the three-dimensional roughness parameters of coating was established, and the effect mechanism of the three-dimensional roughness parameters was further analyzed. The results indicated that many irregular peaks and pits were randomly distributed on the sandblasted surface without fixed orientation. The average surface roughness and bonding strength of the coating were 4.84 μm and 32.8 MPa, respectively. The relationship between bond strength and 3 D roughness parameters is linked by nonlinear correlation. The effect of three-dimensional roughness parameters S_a, S_(dr), S_(dq), S_q on the bond strength of the coating is significant. The contact area of coating with the substrate increases with the increasing of Sa and Sdr. The larger the S_(dq) is, the sharper the pits and peaks of the blasted surface are, which is beneficial to provide more anchor points for mechanical bonding of the coating. The surface topography of the combined interface with larger S_q mainly consists of deep pits, which leads to the formation of residual porosity defects in the depth of the pit and reduces the wetting effect and bonding performance between coating and substrate. S_a, S_(dr), S_(dq), S_q are the main influencing factors for bond strength of thermal spraying coating, and the regression relationship is nonlinear. The effect mechanism and trend of each three-dimensional roughness parameter on the bond strength of the coating are consistent with the regression mathematical model.
引文
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[15]张来启,张少杰,曾红杰,等.喷砂预处理对HVOF喷涂Ti Al-Nb/Ni Cr Al涂层结合强度的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2011,32(12):105-109.ZHANG Lai-qi,ZHANG Shao-jie,ZENG Hong-jie,et al.Effect of grit blasting pre-treatment on bond strength of Ti Al-Nb/Ni Cr Al coatings sprayed by high velocity oxyfuel[J].Transactions of materials and heat treatment,2011,32(12):105-109.
[16]王春水,何胜馨,张二亮,等.喷砂表面的多尺度分析与表征[J].表面技术,2015,44(6):127-131.WANG Chun-shui,HE Sheng-xin,ZHANG Er-liang,et al.Analysis and characterization of sandblasted surfaces using multi-scale analysis[J].Surface technology,2015,44(6):127-131.
[2]杨震晓,刘敏,邓春明,等.热喷涂基体表面前处理技术的研究进展[J].中国表面工程,2012,25(2):8-14.YANG Zhen-xiao,LIU Min,DENG Chun-ming,et al.Review on the pretreatment of substrate for thermal spray process[J].China surface engineer,2012,25(2):8-14.
[3]LI C J,WANG Y Y.Effect of particle state on the adhesive strength of HVOF sprayed metallic coating[J].Journal of thermal spray technology,2002,11(4):523-524.
[4]JAMES D,XIAO H,RICHARDS N L,et al.Examination of a grit-blasting process for thermal spraying using statistical methods[J].Journal of thermal spray technology,2005,14(4):471-479.
[5]郝建军,李会平,马跃进,等.喷砂预处理在铸铁零件修复中的应用研究[J].农业机械学报,2003,24(4):120-122.HAO Jian-jun,LI Hui-ping,MA Yue-jin,et al.Application research of sandblasting pretreatment in repair of cast iron parts[J].Transactions of the chinese society for agricultural machinery,2003,24(4):120-122.
[6]MARTINELLI C S M.Co-Cr alloy:Sandblasting and percentage variation in surface roughness[J].Dental materials,2013,29(1):35-37.
[7]杨晖,潘少明.超音速等离子喷涂WC-12Co涂层的结合机理[J].材料热处理学报,2009,30(3):187-190.YANG Hui,PAN Shao-ming.Bonding mechanism of WC-12Co coatings prepared by supersonic plasma spraying on 45 steel[J].Transactions of materials and heat treatment,2009,30(3):187-190.
[8]MELLALI M,GRIMAUD A,LEGER A C,et al.Alumina grit blasting parameters for surface preparation in the plasma spraying operation[J].Journal of thermal spray technology,1997,6(4):217-226.
[9]马跃进,郝建军,马爱军,等.铸铁零件电弧喷涂前的喷砂预处理工艺研究[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(4):78-81.MA Yue-jin,HAO Jian-jun,MA Ai-jun,et al.Study on sand blasting pretreatment process for cast iron parts before arc spraying[J].Transactions of the chinese society of agricultural engineering,2002,18(4):78-81.
[10]宋斌,陈铭,陈利修.喷砂预处理工艺对涂层结合强度的影响[J].机械设计与研究,2013,29(3):70-72.SONG Bin,CHEN Ming,CHEN Li-xiu.The impact of sandblasting preprocessing on bonding strength of high velocity arc spraying coating[J].Machine design and research,2013,29(3):70-72.
[11]TANGO R N,PEREIRA P C,MACEDO V C,et al.Effect of sandblasting on Y-TZP roughness and biofilm formation:Preliminary study[J].Dental materials,2011,27(1):170-174.
[12]朱鹏超,张利军,邵博.等离子喷涂镍基涂层表面形貌的研究[J].热加工工艺,2016,45(10):166-168.ZHU Peng-chao,ZHANG Li-jun,SHAO Bo.Study on surface morphology of nickel-based coating prepared by supersonic plasma[J].Hot working technology,2016,45(10):166-168.
[13]ZAHOUANI H,ASSOUL M,VARGIOLU R,et al.The morphological tree transform of surface motifs-incidence in tribology[J].International journal of machine tools&manufacture,2001,41(13/14):1961-1979.
[14]SCHWANKL M,KELLNER R,SINGER R F,et al.The Influence of sandblasting on the morphology of electroless deposited zinclayers on aluminum sheets[J].Applied surface science,2013,283(15):202-208.
[15]张来启,张少杰,曾红杰,等.喷砂预处理对HVOF喷涂Ti Al-Nb/Ni Cr Al涂层结合强度的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2011,32(12):105-109.ZHANG Lai-qi,ZHANG Shao-jie,ZENG Hong-jie,et al.Effect of grit blasting pre-treatment on bond strength of Ti Al-Nb/Ni Cr Al coatings sprayed by high velocity oxyfuel[J].Transactions of materials and heat treatment,2011,32(12):105-109.
[16]王春水,何胜馨,张二亮,等.喷砂表面的多尺度分析与表征[J].表面技术,2015,44(6):127-131.WANG Chun-shui,HE Sheng-xin,ZHANG Er-liang,et al.Analysis and characterization of sandblasted surfaces using multi-scale analysis[J].Surface technology,2015,44(6):127-131.