生物滤池-人工湿地-稳定塘组合生态系统处理南方农村分散式污水
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摘要
以南方农村分散式生活和养殖混合污水为处理对象,构建由生物滤池-人工湿地-稳定塘组合生态处理系统。运行结果表明:该处理系统对NH~+_4-N、TN、TP和COD年平均去除率分别为93.8%、93.4%、90.2%和86.0%,单位面积去除负荷依次为5.12,8.31,0.45,15.92 g/(m~2·d)。其中,氮、磷的去除主要在生物滤池和人工湿地中得到去除,而COD主要由生物滤池去除。组合生态处理系统可有效处理农村分散式混合污水,出水水质稳定,可达GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级B标准,具有良好的应用前景。
The integrated ecological treatment system(IETs) including biofilters, constructed wetland, and stabilization pond was constructed to treat decentralized rural domestic sewage and livestock breeding wastewater in South China. The operation results of the system in 2014 showed that the average removal efficiencies of the system to NH~+_4-N、TN、TP and COD were 93.8%, 93.4%, 90.2% and 86.0% respectively, and removal loads per unit were 5.12, 8.31, 0.45, 15.92 g/(m~2·d) respectively. Where, most of nitrogen and phosphorus were removed in biofilters and constructed wetlands, and most of COD was removed by biofilters. The integrated ecological treatment system can dispose the decentralized rural mixed sewage effectively with stable effluent quality which can meet the Level 1 B criteria specified in "Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant"(GB 18918—2002). These findings indicated that IETs had a good application prospect.
The integrated ecological treatment system(IETs) including biofilters, constructed wetland, and stabilization pond was constructed to treat decentralized rural domestic sewage and livestock breeding wastewater in South China. The operation results of the system in 2014 showed that the average removal efficiencies of the system to NH~+_4-N、TN、TP and COD were 93.8%, 93.4%, 90.2% and 86.0% respectively, and removal loads per unit were 5.12, 8.31, 0.45, 15.92 g/(m~2·d) respectively. Where, most of nitrogen and phosphorus were removed in biofilters and constructed wetlands, and most of COD was removed by biofilters. The integrated ecological treatment system can dispose the decentralized rural mixed sewage effectively with stable effluent quality which can meet the Level 1 B criteria specified in "Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant"(GB 18918—2002). These findings indicated that IETs had a good application prospect.
引文
[1] 赵柳惠. 浙江省农业面源污染时空特征及经济驱动因素分析[D]. 杭州:浙江工商大学, 2015.
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[7] 谭茂兰, 方荣杰. 表面流人工湿地控制农田排水污染物的作用[J]. 水利科技与经济, 2011, 17(1):15-17.
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[14] 李红芳, 刘锋, 黎慧娟,等. 生物滤池/人工湿地/稳定塘工艺处理农村分散污水[J]. 中国给水排水, 2015, 31(2): 84-87.
[15] 尹振娟, 杨扬, 卢建,等. 生物法-人工湿地组合工艺对小城镇混合污水氮素去除效果研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2010, 19(5):1044-1049.
[16] 许加星, 徐力刚, 姜加虎,等. 生化生态组合湿地系统对农村生活污水的净化效果研究[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2012, 31(9):1815-1822.
[17] Vymazal J. The use constructed wetlands with horizontal sub-surface flow for various types of wastewater [J]. Ecological Engineering, 2009, 35(1): 1-17.
[18] 卢少勇, 金相灿, 余刚. 人工湿地的氮去除机理[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26(8): 2670-2677.
[19] Lin Z C, Dai Q G, Ye S C, et al. Effects of nitrogen application levels on ammonia volatilization and nitrogen utilization during rice growing season [J]. Rice Science, 2012, 19(2): 125-134.
[20] Huang J, Wang S H, Yan L, et al. Plant photosynthesis and its influence on removal efficiencies in constructed wetlands [J]. Ecological Engineering, 2010, 36: 1037-1043.
[21] 杨忠臣. 人工湿地植物根系泌氧和分泌物影响污染物去除的机制研究[D]. 济南:山东大学, 2016.
[22] Zhu D L, Sun C, Zhang H H, et al. Roles of vegetation, flow type and filled depth on livestock wastewater treatment through multi-level mineralized refuse-based constructed wetlands [J]. Ecological Engineering, 2012, 39: 7-15.
[23] 马永生, 张淑英, 邓兰萍. 氮、磷在农田沟渠湿地系统中的迁移转化机理及其模型研究进展[J].甘肃科技,2005, 21(2):106-107.
[24] Gopal B. Natural and constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment potential and problems [J].Water Science and Technology, 1999, 40(3): 27-35.
[25] Moore M T, Locke M A, Kröger R. Using aquatic vegetation to remediate nitrate, ammonium, and soluble reactive phosphorus in simulated runoff [J]. Chemosphere. 2016, 160: 149-154
[26] Zhang S, Xiao R, Liu F, et al. Effect of vegetation on nitrogen removal and ammonia volatilization from wetland microcosms. Ecological Engineering, 2016, 97: 363-369.
[27] Luo P, Liu F, Liu X, et al. Phosphorus removal from lagoon-pretreated swine wastewater by pilot-scale surface flow constructed wetlands planted with Myriophyllum aquaticum[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 576:490-497.
[28] 尹炜, 李培军, 裘巧俊,等. 植物吸收在人工湿地去除氮、磷中的贡献[J]. 生态学杂志, 2006, 25(2): 218-221.
[2] 杨凤飞, 刘锋, 尹黎明,等. 亚热带典型分散式养殖农区的环境污染特征研究[J]. 农业现代化研究, 2014, 35(1):113-117.
[3] 董贝,刘杨,杨平. 人工湿地处理农村生活污水研究与应用进展[J]. 水资源保护, 2011, 27(2):80-86.
[4] 贺缠生, 傅伯杰, 陈利顶. 非点源污染的管理及控制[J]. 环境科学, 1998, 5(19):88-91,96.
[5] 白振光, 陈现明. 人工湿地在山区农村生活污水处理中的应用与工程设计[J]. 环境工程, 2014, 32(1):14-15.
[6] 王毓丹, 李杰, 钟成华,等. 小型畜牧养殖场废水处理工程实例[J]. 环境工程, 2009, 27(3):45-48.
[7] 谭茂兰, 方荣杰. 表面流人工湿地控制农田排水污染物的作用[J]. 水利科技与经济, 2011, 17(1):15-17.
[8] Prochaska C.A., Zouboulis A.I. Removal of phosphates by pilot vertical-flow constructed wetlands using a mixture of sand and dolomite as substrate [J]. Ecological Engineering, 2006, 26: 293-303.
[9] 宋志文, 王仁卿, 席俊秀,等. 人工湿地对氮磷的去除效率与动态特征[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, 24(6): 648-651.
[10] 王全金, 朱平, 宋嘉骏. 不同水力负荷下人工湿地-稳定塘组合系统的净化效果[J]. 环境工程, 2014, 32(11):37-40.
[11] Vymazal J. Removal of nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2007, 380: 48-65.
[12] 谷庆宝, 李发生, 颜昌宙,等. 杭州市水域的磷污染与禁限含磷洗涤剂的响应关系研究[J]. 环境保护科学, 2005, 31(2):12-14.
[13] 蔡明凯, 张智, 焦世珺. AF-人工湿地-生态塘工艺处理养殖废水[J].给水排水,2010, 36(2):66-70.
[14] 李红芳, 刘锋, 黎慧娟,等. 生物滤池/人工湿地/稳定塘工艺处理农村分散污水[J]. 中国给水排水, 2015, 31(2): 84-87.
[15] 尹振娟, 杨扬, 卢建,等. 生物法-人工湿地组合工艺对小城镇混合污水氮素去除效果研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2010, 19(5):1044-1049.
[16] 许加星, 徐力刚, 姜加虎,等. 生化生态组合湿地系统对农村生活污水的净化效果研究[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2012, 31(9):1815-1822.
[17] Vymazal J. The use constructed wetlands with horizontal sub-surface flow for various types of wastewater [J]. Ecological Engineering, 2009, 35(1): 1-17.
[18] 卢少勇, 金相灿, 余刚. 人工湿地的氮去除机理[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26(8): 2670-2677.
[19] Lin Z C, Dai Q G, Ye S C, et al. Effects of nitrogen application levels on ammonia volatilization and nitrogen utilization during rice growing season [J]. Rice Science, 2012, 19(2): 125-134.
[20] Huang J, Wang S H, Yan L, et al. Plant photosynthesis and its influence on removal efficiencies in constructed wetlands [J]. Ecological Engineering, 2010, 36: 1037-1043.
[21] 杨忠臣. 人工湿地植物根系泌氧和分泌物影响污染物去除的机制研究[D]. 济南:山东大学, 2016.
[22] Zhu D L, Sun C, Zhang H H, et al. Roles of vegetation, flow type and filled depth on livestock wastewater treatment through multi-level mineralized refuse-based constructed wetlands [J]. Ecological Engineering, 2012, 39: 7-15.
[23] 马永生, 张淑英, 邓兰萍. 氮、磷在农田沟渠湿地系统中的迁移转化机理及其模型研究进展[J].甘肃科技,2005, 21(2):106-107.
[24] Gopal B. Natural and constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment potential and problems [J].Water Science and Technology, 1999, 40(3): 27-35.
[25] Moore M T, Locke M A, Kröger R. Using aquatic vegetation to remediate nitrate, ammonium, and soluble reactive phosphorus in simulated runoff [J]. Chemosphere. 2016, 160: 149-154
[26] Zhang S, Xiao R, Liu F, et al. Effect of vegetation on nitrogen removal and ammonia volatilization from wetland microcosms. Ecological Engineering, 2016, 97: 363-369.
[27] Luo P, Liu F, Liu X, et al. Phosphorus removal from lagoon-pretreated swine wastewater by pilot-scale surface flow constructed wetlands planted with Myriophyllum aquaticum[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 576:490-497.
[28] 尹炜, 李培军, 裘巧俊,等. 植物吸收在人工湿地去除氮、磷中的贡献[J]. 生态学杂志, 2006, 25(2): 218-221.