塔河油田12区奥陶系油藏溶洞充填机理及挖潜方向
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摘要
塔河油田12区奥陶系油藏溶洞普遍发育,但受暗河沉积物和后期剥蚀改造作用的影响,溶洞充填比例高达33%,对完井段的选取和完井方式的制定带来极大的困难。为提高充填溶洞预测水平、深化充填机理认识、明确充填溶洞挖潜方向,以12区36口井的钻井、测井和录井资料为基础,综合应用岩溶地质识别、地震属性提取、地震反射特征对比、古地貌恢复等方法,对充填溶洞展开全面研究。结果表明:12区奥陶系发育暗河沉积型、地表河凸岸堆积型、敞口充填型和垮塌充填型等4种溶洞充填类型;存在粉砂岩、泥岩、垮塌角砾岩和方解石等4种溶洞充填物。同时,建立了3种充填溶洞地震预测方法:地震反射特征对比法、奥陶系中—下统顶面形态对比法、古地貌恢复法,并提出了3个挖潜方向:充填溶洞段内挖潜、充填溶洞段间挖潜和充填溶洞井间挖潜。
Karst caves are widely developed in Ordovician reservoirs in block-12 of Tahe Oilfield,but affected by filling of the underground river sediments and later denudation,the filled cave drilling rate of Upper Ordovician in denuded area is as high as 33%,which brings great difficulties such as well completion selection and completion method requirements. In order to improve the prediction level of filling cave,deepen the understanding of filling mechanism and clear the potential tapping direction of filling cave,based on drilling and logging data of36 drilled wells,the filling caves were studied by using the methods of karst geology,seismic attributes,seismic reflection features and ancient landform restoration. The results show that the Ordovician in block-12 developed four types of karst cave filling,including underground river sediment,river lateral stacking,unconfined and collapse.The karst cave fillings can be divided into four types:siltstone,mudstone,collapse breccia and calcite. At thesame time,three geophysical prediction methods for filling karst cave were established:seismic reflection contrast method,Middle and Lower Ordovician top surface shape comparison method and ancient landform restoration method. Three potential tapping directions were pointed out:intraformational potential,interlamination potential and interwell potential.
Karst caves are widely developed in Ordovician reservoirs in block-12 of Tahe Oilfield,but affected by filling of the underground river sediments and later denudation,the filled cave drilling rate of Upper Ordovician in denuded area is as high as 33%,which brings great difficulties such as well completion selection and completion method requirements. In order to improve the prediction level of filling cave,deepen the understanding of filling mechanism and clear the potential tapping direction of filling cave,based on drilling and logging data of36 drilled wells,the filling caves were studied by using the methods of karst geology,seismic attributes,seismic reflection features and ancient landform restoration. The results show that the Ordovician in block-12 developed four types of karst cave filling,including underground river sediment,river lateral stacking,unconfined and collapse.The karst cave fillings can be divided into four types:siltstone,mudstone,collapse breccia and calcite. At thesame time,three geophysical prediction methods for filling karst cave were established:seismic reflection contrast method,Middle and Lower Ordovician top surface shape comparison method and ancient landform restoration method. Three potential tapping directions were pointed out:intraformational potential,interlamination potential and interwell potential.
引文
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[12]淡永,梁彬,曹建文,等.塔里木盆地轮南地区奥陶系岩溶缝洞充填物地球化学特征及环境意义.石油实验地质,2012,34(6):623-628.DAN Y,LIANG B,CAO J W,et al.Geochemical features and environmental significances of deposits in Ordovician karstic fractures and caves,Lunnan area,Tarim Basin.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2012,34(6):623-628.
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[14]孟万斌,肖春晖,冯明石,等.碳酸盐岩成岩作用及其对储层的影响——以塔中顺南地区一间房组为例.岩性油气藏,2016,28(5):26-33.MENG W B,XIAO C H,FENG M S,et al.Carbonate diagenesis and its influence on reservoir:a case study from Yijianfang Formation in Shunnan area,central Tarim Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2016,28(5):26-33.
[15]田飞,金强,李阳,等.塔河油田奥陶系缝洞型储层小型缝洞及其充填物测井识别.石油与天然气地质,2012,33(6):900-908.TIAN F,JIN Q,LI Y,et al.Identification of small fracture-vugs and their fillings through log interpretation in fractured-vuggy Ordovician reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield.Oil&Gas Geololgy,2012,33(6):900-908.
[16]农社卿,马洪敏,朱小露,等.碳酸盐岩泥质充填溶洞段测井资料有效性评价方法.石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2014,36(11):106-110.NONG S Q,MA H M,ZHU X L,et al.Method of logging data effectiveness evaluation in carbonate argillaceous filled caves.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology(Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute),2014,36(11):106-110.
[17]陈钢花,胡琮,曾亚丽,等.基于BP神经网络的碳酸盐岩储层缝洞充填物测井识别方法.石油物探,2015,54(1):99-104.CHEN G H,HU Z,ZENG Y L,et al.Logging identification method of fillings in fractures and caverns in carbonate reservoir based on BP neural network.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(1):99-104.
[18]王金锋.塔河油田缝洞型储层中洞穴充填程度半定量化分析.石油地质与工程,2017,31(2):44-47.WANG J F.Half quantitative analysis of filling degree in caved type reservoir of fractured-vuggy reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield.Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2017,31(2):44-47.
[19]张月巧,贾进斗,靳久强,等.塔东地区寒武—奥陶系沉积相与沉积演化模式.天然气地球科学,2007,18(2):229-234.ZHANG Y Q,JIA J D,JIN J Q,et al.Characteristics of CambrianOrdovician sedimentary facies in Tadong region and its sedimentary model.Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(2):229-234.
[20]卫端,高志前,孟苗苗,等.塔河地区鹰山组高精度层序划分及沉积模式.岩性油气藏,2016,28(6):68-77.WEI D,GAO Z Q,MENG M M,et al.High-precision sequence division and sedimentary model of Yingshan Formation in Tahe area.Lithologic Reservoirs,2016,28(6):68-77.
[21]鲁新便,何成江,邓光校,等.塔河油田奥陶系油藏喀斯特古河道发育特征描述.石油实验地质,2014,36(3):268-274.LU X B,HE C J,DENG G X,et al.Development features of karst ancient river system in Ordovician reservoirs,Tahe Oilfield.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2014,36(3):268-274.
[22]金强,田飞,鲁新便,等.塔河油田奥陶系古径流岩溶带垮塌充填特征.石油与天然气地质,2015,36(5):729-735.JIN Q,TIAN F,LU X B,et al.Characteristics of collapse breccias filling in caves of runoff zone in the Ordovician karst in Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(5):729-735.
[2]窦之林.论碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏的滚动开发.新疆石油地质,2013,34(3):300-302.DOU Z L.On rolling development of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2013,34(3):300-302.
[3]鲁新便.塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏开发地质研究中的若干问题.石油实验地质,2003,25(5):508-512.LU X B.Several problems in study of development programme of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin.Peroleum Geology&Experiment,2003,25(5):508-512.
[4]张美良,林玉石,冉景丞,等.贵州荔波岩溶洞穴发育特征.中国岩溶,2000,19(1):13-20.ZHANG M L,LIN Y S,RAN J C,et al.The characteristics of karst caves development in Libo,Gui Zhou.Carsologica Sinica,2000,19(1):13-20.
[5]唐文榜,刘来祥,樊佳芳,等.溶洞充填物判识的频率差异分析技术.石油与天然气地质,2002,23(1):41-44.TANG W B,LIU L X,FAN J F,et al.Analytic technique of frequency difference for discrimination of cavity fillers.Oil&Gas Geology,2002,23(1):41-44.
[6]鲁新便,高博禹,陈姝媚.塔河油田下奥陶统碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层研究——以塔河油田6区为例.矿物岩石,2003,23(1):87-92.LU X B,GAO B Y,CHEN S M.Study on characteristics of paleokarst reservoir in Lower Ordovician carbonate of Tahe Oilfield.Journal of Mineral and Rock Science,2003,23(1):87-92.
[7]代冬冬,房启飞,万效国,等.哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系岩溶古河道识别及其成藏意义.岩性油气藏,2017,29(5):89-96.DAI D D,FANG Q F,WAN X G,et al.Identification of Ordovician karstic paleochannels and its accumulation significance in Halahatang area.Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(5):89-96.
[8]程飞.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏储层类型动静态识别方法——以塔里木盆地奥陶系为例.岩性油气藏,2017,29(3):76-82.CHENG F.Integrated dynamic and static identification method of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs:a case from the Ordovician in Tarim Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(3):76-82.
[9]徐微,蔡忠贤,贾振远,等.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏溶洞充填物特征.现代地质,2010,24(2):287-293.XU W,CAI Z X,JIA Z Y,et al.The study on Ordovician carbonate reservoir karst cavern fillings characterization in Tahe Oilfield.Geoscience,2010,24(2):287-293.
[10]蔡春芳,李开开,李斌,等.塔河地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞充填物的地球化学特征及其形成流体分析.岩石学报,2009,25(10):2399-2404.CAI C F,LI K K,LI B,et al.Geochemical characteristics and origins of fracture and vug-fillings of the Ordovician in Tahe area,Tarim Basin.Acta Petrologica Sinica,2009,25(10):2399-2404.
[11]金强,康逊,田飞.塔河油田奥陶系古岩溶径流带缝洞化学充填物成因和分布.石油学报,2015,36(7):791-798.JIN Q,KANG X,TIAN F.Genesis of chemical fillings in fracturecaves in paleo-karst runoff zone in Ordovician and their distributions in Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(7):791-798.
[12]淡永,梁彬,曹建文,等.塔里木盆地轮南地区奥陶系岩溶缝洞充填物地球化学特征及环境意义.石油实验地质,2012,34(6):623-628.DAN Y,LIANG B,CAO J W,et al.Geochemical features and environmental significances of deposits in Ordovician karstic fractures and caves,Lunnan area,Tarim Basin.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2012,34(6):623-628.
[13]刘显凤,蔡忠贤.塔河油田溶洞充填物的元素地球化学特征及环境意义.地质科技情报,2009,28(3):53-57.LIU X F,CAI Z X.Element geochemistry characteristics of karstic cave deposit in Tahe Oilfield and its environmental significance.Geological Science and Technology Information,2009,28(3):53-57.
[14]孟万斌,肖春晖,冯明石,等.碳酸盐岩成岩作用及其对储层的影响——以塔中顺南地区一间房组为例.岩性油气藏,2016,28(5):26-33.MENG W B,XIAO C H,FENG M S,et al.Carbonate diagenesis and its influence on reservoir:a case study from Yijianfang Formation in Shunnan area,central Tarim Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2016,28(5):26-33.
[15]田飞,金强,李阳,等.塔河油田奥陶系缝洞型储层小型缝洞及其充填物测井识别.石油与天然气地质,2012,33(6):900-908.TIAN F,JIN Q,LI Y,et al.Identification of small fracture-vugs and their fillings through log interpretation in fractured-vuggy Ordovician reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield.Oil&Gas Geololgy,2012,33(6):900-908.
[16]农社卿,马洪敏,朱小露,等.碳酸盐岩泥质充填溶洞段测井资料有效性评价方法.石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2014,36(11):106-110.NONG S Q,MA H M,ZHU X L,et al.Method of logging data effectiveness evaluation in carbonate argillaceous filled caves.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology(Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute),2014,36(11):106-110.
[17]陈钢花,胡琮,曾亚丽,等.基于BP神经网络的碳酸盐岩储层缝洞充填物测井识别方法.石油物探,2015,54(1):99-104.CHEN G H,HU Z,ZENG Y L,et al.Logging identification method of fillings in fractures and caverns in carbonate reservoir based on BP neural network.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(1):99-104.
[18]王金锋.塔河油田缝洞型储层中洞穴充填程度半定量化分析.石油地质与工程,2017,31(2):44-47.WANG J F.Half quantitative analysis of filling degree in caved type reservoir of fractured-vuggy reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield.Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2017,31(2):44-47.
[19]张月巧,贾进斗,靳久强,等.塔东地区寒武—奥陶系沉积相与沉积演化模式.天然气地球科学,2007,18(2):229-234.ZHANG Y Q,JIA J D,JIN J Q,et al.Characteristics of CambrianOrdovician sedimentary facies in Tadong region and its sedimentary model.Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(2):229-234.
[20]卫端,高志前,孟苗苗,等.塔河地区鹰山组高精度层序划分及沉积模式.岩性油气藏,2016,28(6):68-77.WEI D,GAO Z Q,MENG M M,et al.High-precision sequence division and sedimentary model of Yingshan Formation in Tahe area.Lithologic Reservoirs,2016,28(6):68-77.
[21]鲁新便,何成江,邓光校,等.塔河油田奥陶系油藏喀斯特古河道发育特征描述.石油实验地质,2014,36(3):268-274.LU X B,HE C J,DENG G X,et al.Development features of karst ancient river system in Ordovician reservoirs,Tahe Oilfield.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2014,36(3):268-274.
[22]金强,田飞,鲁新便,等.塔河油田奥陶系古径流岩溶带垮塌充填特征.石油与天然气地质,2015,36(5):729-735.JIN Q,TIAN F,LU X B,et al.Characteristics of collapse breccias filling in caves of runoff zone in the Ordovician karst in Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(5):729-735.