基于数字岩心的泥浆侵入数值模拟及微观机理
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摘要
石油钻井中由于钻井液压力略大于地层压力,使得钻井泥浆侵入到原始地层中,改变地层的电阻率,进而影响电阻率测井的准确性。以岩心CT扫描得到的数字岩心模型为基础,利用格子玻尔兹曼方法来模拟泥浆侵入的过程,结合有限元方法计算泥浆侵入过程中岩心电学特性参数的变化,并结合岩心孔隙结构参数,从微观尺度上认识泥浆侵入过程,从而系统地分析泥浆侵入的微观机理。孔隙微观结构参数中,渗透率、孔隙连通性及孔喉半径对泥浆侵入和电阻率影响显著,在实际测井解释中,有必要针对不同渗透率的岩心建立相应的电阻率校正模型。
In oil drilling,because the drilling fluid pressure is slightly higher than the formation pressure,the drilling mud will invade original formation,which changes the resistivity of the formation,and then affects the accuracy of resistivity logging.Based on the digital core model obtained by core CT scanning,the process of mud intrusion is simulated using lattice Boltzmann method.The changes of core electrical parameters in the process of mud intrusion are obtained by using the finite element method,combined with the pore structure parameters of core,the process of mud intrusion is fully understood from the micro-scale,and the micro-mechanism of mud intrusion is systematically analyzed.Among the pore microstructure parameters,permeability,pore connectivity and pore throat radius have significant effects on mud invasion and formation resistivity.In practical logging interpretation,it is necessary to establish corresponding resistivity correction models for cores with different permeability.
In oil drilling,because the drilling fluid pressure is slightly higher than the formation pressure,the drilling mud will invade original formation,which changes the resistivity of the formation,and then affects the accuracy of resistivity logging.Based on the digital core model obtained by core CT scanning,the process of mud intrusion is simulated using lattice Boltzmann method.The changes of core electrical parameters in the process of mud intrusion are obtained by using the finite element method,combined with the pore structure parameters of core,the process of mud intrusion is fully understood from the micro-scale,and the micro-mechanism of mud intrusion is systematically analyzed.Among the pore microstructure parameters,permeability,pore connectivity and pore throat radius have significant effects on mud invasion and formation resistivity.In practical logging interpretation,it is necessary to establish corresponding resistivity correction models for cores with different permeability.
引文
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[2] 陈福煊,孙嘉戌.泥浆滤液侵入孔隙地层径向导电特性的模拟实验[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(s1):371-378.CHEN Fuxuan,SUN Jiaxu.Simulation test of radial electric conductivity during the mud filtrate invading porous formation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1996,39(s1):371-378.
[3] 张建华,胡启,刘振华.钻井泥浆滤液侵入储集层的理论计算模型[J].石油学报,1994,15(4):73-78.ZHANG Jianhua,HU Qi,LIU Zhenhua.A theoretical model for mudfiltrate invasion in reservoir formations during drilling[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1994,15(4):73-78.
[4] 常文会,潘和平,周峰.泥浆侵入二维数值模拟[J].地球科学,2010,35(4):674-680.CHANG Wenhui,PAN Heping,ZHOU Feng.Two-dimensional numerical simulation of mud invasion[J].Earth Science,2010,35(4):674-680.
[5] 田鑫,章成广.泥浆侵入条件下的电阻率校正方法初探[J].石油天然气学报,2005,27(5):749-750.TIAN Xin,ZHANG Chengguang.Method for resistivity correction under the conditions of mud invasion[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2005,27(5):749-750.
[6] 范文同,章成广,周红涛,等.塔河油田电阻率泥浆侵入影响分析与校正[J].石油天然气学报,2009,31(4):86-90.FAN Wentong,ZHANG Chengguang,ZHOU Hongtao,et al.The analysis and correction for effect of mud invasion on resistivity in Tahe Oilfield[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2009,31(4):86-90.
[7] DEWAN J D,CHENEVERT M E.A model for filtration of water-base mud during drilling:determination of mudcake parameters[J].Petrophysics,2001,42(3):237-250.
[8] WU Jianghui,TORRES Verdin Carlos,KAMY Sepehrnoori,et al.The influence of water-base mud properties and petrophysical parameters on mudcake growth,filtrate invasion,and formation pressure[J].Petrophysics,2005,46(1):14-32.
[9] 杨震,李智强,邓少贵,等.大斜度井钻井液侵入数值模拟[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(3):55-59.YANG Zhen,LI Zhiqiang,DENG Shaogui,et al.Numerical simulation of drilling fluid invasion in highly deviated wells[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2008,32(3):55-59.
[10] 刘尊年,孙建孟,迟秀荣,等.泥浆侵入研究现状分析[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(6):2594-2601.LIU Zunnian,SUN Jianmeng,CHI Xiurong,et al.Analysis of research present situation of mud invasion[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(6):2594-2601.
[11] 刘学锋,张伟伟,孙建孟.三维数字岩心建模方法综述[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(6):3066-3072.LIU Xuefeng,ZHANG Weiwei,SUN Jianmeng.Methods of constructing 3-D digital cores:a review[J].Progress in Geophysics,2013,28(6):3066-3072.
[12] OTSU N.Athreshold selection method from gray-level histograms[J].IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man,and Cybernetics,2007,9(1):62-66.
[13] 王国权,周小红,蔚立磊.基于分水岭算法的图像分割方法研究[J].计算机仿真,2009,26(5):255-258.WANG Guoquan,ZHOU Xiaohong,YU Lilei.Image segmentation based on watershed algorithm[J].Computer Simulation,2009,26(5):255-258.
[14] 姜黎明,赵强先,李兵,等.基于CT图像的孔隙结构参数提取算法改进[J].测井技术,2017(5):517-522.JIANG Liming,ZHAO Qiangxian,LI Bing,et al.Improvement of pore structure parameter extraction algorithm based on CT images[J].Well Logging Technology,2017(5):517-522.
[15] PAN C,HILPERT M,MILLER C T.Lattice‐Boltzmann simulation of two-phase flow in porous media[J].Water Resources Research,2004,40(1):62-74.
[16] SHAN X,CHEN H.Latticeboltzmann model for simulating flows with multiple phases and components[J].Physical Review E,1993,47(3):1815-1819.
[17] SASAKI Y.3-D resistivity inversion using the finite-element method[J].Geophysics,2012,59(12):1839-1848.
[18] JIANG Liming,SUN Jianmeng,LIU Xuefeng,et al.Study of different factors affecting the electrical properties of natural gas reservoir rocks based on digital cores[J].Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2011,8(2):366-371.
[19] ZHAO Jianpeng,SUN Jianmeng,LIU Xuefeng,et al.Numerical simulation of the electrical properties of fractured rock based on digital rock technology[J].Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2013,10(5):1-6.