教育人力资本、互联网使用与新生代农民工职业选择
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摘要
本文基于2016年流动人口动态监测数据,运用MLogit模型,将职业选择划分为职业类型和就业身份两个指标,分析教育人力资本对新生代农民工职业选择的影响及其作用途径。研究发现:第一,较高的教育人力资本能够显著提高新生代农民工的职业选择能力,这些职业包括国有企事业单位人员、专业技术人员及商业和服务人员;第二,不同教育人力资本对新生代农民工的就业身份影响存在差异,表现在初中教育程度对自营劳动者身份具有显著影响,高中学历对雇主身份的影响概率更大,而专科及以上学历则对受雇职业身份具有显著影响;第三,进一步探讨发现,互联网使用是教育人力资本影响新生代农民工职业选择的作用途径,即教育人力资本可以通过显著提高新生代农民工的互联网使用率来增加其选择更高层次职业的机会。
Based on the dynamic monitoring data of the floating population in 2016,this paper Uses the MLogit model to divide the career choice into two indicators of career type and employment status,and analyzes the impact of education human capital on the career choice of the new generation of migrant workers and the way it works. The findings are as follows: first,higher education human capital can significantly improve the career choice ability of the new generation of migrant workers,including employees of state-owned enterprises and institutions,professional and technical personnel,commercial and service personnel. Secondly,different education human capital has different influences on the employment status of the new generation of migrant workers,which is reflected in the fact that junior high school education level has a significant impact on the identity of self-employed workers,high school diploma has a greater probability of influencing the identity of employers,and junior college or above has a significant impact on the employment status. Third,it is further explored that Internet use is the way in which education human capital influences the career choice of the new generation of migrant workers,that is,education human capital can significantly improve the Internet utilization rate of the new generation of migrant workers to increase their chances of choosing a higher career.
Based on the dynamic monitoring data of the floating population in 2016,this paper Uses the MLogit model to divide the career choice into two indicators of career type and employment status,and analyzes the impact of education human capital on the career choice of the new generation of migrant workers and the way it works. The findings are as follows: first,higher education human capital can significantly improve the career choice ability of the new generation of migrant workers,including employees of state-owned enterprises and institutions,professional and technical personnel,commercial and service personnel. Secondly,different education human capital has different influences on the employment status of the new generation of migrant workers,which is reflected in the fact that junior high school education level has a significant impact on the identity of self-employed workers,high school diploma has a greater probability of influencing the identity of employers,and junior college or above has a significant impact on the employment status. Third,it is further explored that Internet use is the way in which education human capital influences the career choice of the new generation of migrant workers,that is,education human capital can significantly improve the Internet utilization rate of the new generation of migrant workers to increase their chances of choosing a higher career.
引文
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14.符平,唐有财,江立华.农民工的职业分割与向上流动.中国人口科学,2012(6):75~82+112
15.高文书.人力资本与进城农民工职业选择的实证研究.人口与发展,2009(3):38~43
16.李春玲.当代中国社会的声望分层---职业声望与社会经济地位指数测量.社会学研究,2005(2):74~102+244
17.李国梁,党桂杏.广西新生代农民工职业选择意向影响因素研究---基于南宁市的数据分析.广西社会科学,2017(9):51~59
18.李涛,朱俊兵,伏霖.聪明人更愿意创业吗?---来自中国的经验发现.经济研究,2017(3):91~105
19.刘万霞.职业教育对农民工就业的影响---基于对全国农民工调查的实证分析.管理世界,2013(5):64~75
20.柳建平,刘卫兵.教育是如何帮助脱贫的?---基于劳动力职业选择作用的分析.人口与经济,2018(1):61~68
21.马俊龙,宁光杰.互联网与中国农村劳动力非农就业.财经科学,2017(7):50~63
22.毛宇飞,曾湘泉.互联网使用是否促进了女性就业---基于CGSS数据的经验分析.经济学动态,2017(6):21~31
23.田丰.逆成长:农民工社会经济地位的十年变化(2006-2015).社会学研究,2017(3):121~143+244~245
24.田艳平.农民工职业选择影响因素的代际差异.中国人口·资源与环境,2013(1):81~88
25.王春超,周先波.社会资本能影响农民工收入吗?---基于有序响应收入模型的估计和检验.管理世界,2013(9):55~68+101+187
26.吴愈晓.劳动力市场分割、职业流动与城市劳动者经济地位获得的二元路径模式.中国社会科学,2011(1):119~137+222~223
27.夏怡然.农民工的在职培训需求及其异质性---基于职业选择行为的经验研究.世界经济文汇,2015(2):57~73
28.谢桂华.中国流动人口的人力资本回报与社会融合.中国社会科学,2012(4):103~124+207
29.周冬.互联网覆盖驱动农村就业的效果研究.世界经济文汇,2016(3):76~90
2.Becker G S.1962.Investment in Human Capital:A Theoretical Analysis.Journal of Political Economy,1962,70(5):9~49
3.Chen M.The Analysis of Migrant Workers'Job Choice Behavior---From the Perspectives of Professional Quality and Type.Contemporary E-conomy&Management,2013,11(42):7216~7223
4.Cheo R.Migrant Workers and Workplace Bullying in Urban China.Social Indicators Research,2016,132(1):1~29
5.Hooley T.How the internet changed career:framing the relationship between career development and online technologies.National Institute for Career Education&Counselling,2012,29:3~12
6.Lotriet H,Matthee M,Alexander P.Internet access as a structural factor in career choice:a comparison between computing and non-computing major students.African Journal of Research in Mathematics Science&Technology Education,2011,15(2):138~153
7.Rohrbach-Schmidt D,Tiemann M.Educational(Mis)match and skill utilization in Germany:Assessing the role of worker and job characteristics.Journal for Labour Market Research,2016,49(2):1~21
8.Rowe D J,Massoumi N,Hyde S,et al.Educational and career pathways of dental hygienists:comparing graduates of associate and baccalaureate degree programs..Journal of Dental Education,2008,72(4):397~407
9.Schwartz Aba.Interpreting the Effect of Distance on Migration.Journal of Political Economy,1973,81(5):1153~1169
10.Walder A G,Li B,Treiman D J.Politics and Life Chances in a State Socialist Regime:Dual Career Paths into the Urban Chinese Elite,1949 to1996.American Sociological Review,2000,65(2):191~209
11.陈书伟.人力资本与外出农民工职业选择---基于河南省三县市调研数据的实证分析.财经论丛,2015(6):18~24
12.程名望,Jin Yanhong,盖庆恩,史清华.农村减贫:应该更关注教育还是健康?---基于收入增长和差距缩小双重视角的实证.经济研究,2014(11):130~144
13.樊茜,金晓彤,徐尉.教育培训对新生代农民工就业质量的影响研究---基于全国11个省(直辖市)4030个样本的实证分析.经济纵横,2018(3):39~45
14.符平,唐有财,江立华.农民工的职业分割与向上流动.中国人口科学,2012(6):75~82+112
15.高文书.人力资本与进城农民工职业选择的实证研究.人口与发展,2009(3):38~43
16.李春玲.当代中国社会的声望分层---职业声望与社会经济地位指数测量.社会学研究,2005(2):74~102+244
17.李国梁,党桂杏.广西新生代农民工职业选择意向影响因素研究---基于南宁市的数据分析.广西社会科学,2017(9):51~59
18.李涛,朱俊兵,伏霖.聪明人更愿意创业吗?---来自中国的经验发现.经济研究,2017(3):91~105
19.刘万霞.职业教育对农民工就业的影响---基于对全国农民工调查的实证分析.管理世界,2013(5):64~75
20.柳建平,刘卫兵.教育是如何帮助脱贫的?---基于劳动力职业选择作用的分析.人口与经济,2018(1):61~68
21.马俊龙,宁光杰.互联网与中国农村劳动力非农就业.财经科学,2017(7):50~63
22.毛宇飞,曾湘泉.互联网使用是否促进了女性就业---基于CGSS数据的经验分析.经济学动态,2017(6):21~31
23.田丰.逆成长:农民工社会经济地位的十年变化(2006-2015).社会学研究,2017(3):121~143+244~245
24.田艳平.农民工职业选择影响因素的代际差异.中国人口·资源与环境,2013(1):81~88
25.王春超,周先波.社会资本能影响农民工收入吗?---基于有序响应收入模型的估计和检验.管理世界,2013(9):55~68+101+187
26.吴愈晓.劳动力市场分割、职业流动与城市劳动者经济地位获得的二元路径模式.中国社会科学,2011(1):119~137+222~223
27.夏怡然.农民工的在职培训需求及其异质性---基于职业选择行为的经验研究.世界经济文汇,2015(2):57~73
28.谢桂华.中国流动人口的人力资本回报与社会融合.中国社会科学,2012(4):103~124+207
29.周冬.互联网覆盖驱动农村就业的效果研究.世界经济文汇,2016(3):76~90