松散层拱结构模型及其对覆岩运动的影响
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摘要
针对传统上采动覆岩承载结构研究时主要集中于基岩而将上覆松散层简化为均布载荷作用于基岩顶界面而忽略了松散层中承载结构的问题,结合我国华东和华北矿区广泛分布的厚松散层地质条件,建立了松散层拱承载结构力学模型,揭示了松散层拱的形态方程、矢跨比方程和厚度方程,得到了能形成松散层拱的临界松散层厚度的理论表达式,进一步分析了松散层拱形态特征随侧压系数、松散层内摩擦角和内聚力等参数的变化特征。通过相似物理模拟实验揭示了松散层拱对采动覆岩运动的影响规律。研究结果得到了鲍店煤矿1312工作面厚松散层条件下开采时地表沉陷实测数据的验证。
Traditionally, the study on the bearing structure of overlying strata mainly focuses on bedrock with the effect of the overlying unconsolidated layer simply considered as uniformly loading on the top interface of the bedrock, and ignores the bearing structure in unconsolidated layer. In fact, a large number of coal mines in eastern and northern China have unconsolidated layers in the overlying strata.In order to make up for this deficiency, a mechanical model of the arch structure in the unconsolidated layers is established in this study. The reasonable axial line function, rise-to-span ratio and thickness of the arch structure in the unconsolidated layer are revealed, and then the theoretical expression of critical thickness for forming an arch structure in the unconsolidated layers is obtained. The variation characteristics of arch structure in the unconsolidated layers with parameters, including the lateral pressure ratio,the friction angle and cohesion strength of the unconsolidated layers, are analyzed. Besides, the effect of arch structure in unconsolidated layers on the overlying strata movement is revealed through similar physical simulation experiments. The research verifies the measured data of surface subsidence in 1312 working face of Baodian coal mine under the condition of thick unconsolidated layer.
Traditionally, the study on the bearing structure of overlying strata mainly focuses on bedrock with the effect of the overlying unconsolidated layer simply considered as uniformly loading on the top interface of the bedrock, and ignores the bearing structure in unconsolidated layer. In fact, a large number of coal mines in eastern and northern China have unconsolidated layers in the overlying strata.In order to make up for this deficiency, a mechanical model of the arch structure in the unconsolidated layers is established in this study. The reasonable axial line function, rise-to-span ratio and thickness of the arch structure in the unconsolidated layer are revealed, and then the theoretical expression of critical thickness for forming an arch structure in the unconsolidated layers is obtained. The variation characteristics of arch structure in the unconsolidated layers with parameters, including the lateral pressure ratio,the friction angle and cohesion strength of the unconsolidated layers, are analyzed. Besides, the effect of arch structure in unconsolidated layers on the overlying strata movement is revealed through similar physical simulation experiments. The research verifies the measured data of surface subsidence in 1312 working face of Baodian coal mine under the condition of thick unconsolidated layer.
引文
[1]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010:84-93.
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[4]李德海,许国胜,余华中.厚松散层煤层开采地表动态移动变形特征研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(7):103-106.LI Dehai,XU Guosheng,YU Huazhong.Study on features of surface dynamic movement and deformation caused by coal mining under thick alluvium[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(7):103-106.
[5]左建平,孙运江,钱鸣高.厚松散层覆岩移动机理及“类双曲线”模型[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(6):1372-1379.ZUO Jianping,SUN Yunjiang,QIAN Minggao.Movement mechanism and analogous hyperbola model of overlying strata with thick alluvium[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(6):1372-1379.
[6]左建平,孙运江,王金涛,等.充分采动覆岩“类双曲线”破坏移动机理及模拟分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2018,35(1):71-77.ZUO Jianping,SUN Yunjiang,WANG Jintao,et al.Mechanical and numerical analysis of“analogous hyperbola”movement of overlying strata after full mining extraction[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2018,35(1):71-77.
[7]黄庆享,张沛,董爱菊.浅埋煤层地表厚砂土层“拱梁”结构模型研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(9):2722-2726.HUANG Qingxiang,ZHANG Pei,DONG Aiju.Mathematical model of“arch beam”of thick sandy soil layer movement in shallow seam[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(9):2722-2726.
[8]杜锋,白海波.厚松散层薄基岩综放开采覆岩破断机理研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(7):1105-1110.DU Feng,BAI Haibo.Mechanism research of overlying strata activity with fully mechanized caving in thin bedrock with thick alluvium[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(7):1105-1110.
[9]张通,袁亮,赵毅鑫,等.薄基岩厚松散层深部采场裂隙带几何特征及矿压分布的工作面效应[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(10):2260-2268.ZHANG Tong,YUAN Liang,ZHAO Yixin,et al.Distribution law of working face pressure under the fracture zone distribution characteristic of deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(10):2260-2268.
[10]许家林,朱卫兵,鞠金峰,等.采场大面积压架冒顶事故防治技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(6):1-8.XU Jialin,ZHU Weibing,JU Jinfeng,et al.Study on prevention and control technology of large area powered support jammed and roof falling accident occurred in coal mining face[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(6):1-8.
[11]许家林,朱卫兵,王晓振.基于关键层位置的导水裂隙带高度预计方法[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(5):762-769.XU Jialin,ZHU Weibing,WANG Xiaozhen.New method t o p r e d i c t t h e h e i g h t o f f r a c t u r e d w a t e rconducting zone by location of key strata[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(5):762-769.
[12]屈庆栋,许家林,钱鸣高.关键层运动对邻近层瓦斯涌出的影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(7):1478-1484.QU Qingdong,XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao.Study on influences of key strata movement on gas emissions of adjacent layers[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(7):1478-1484.
[13]许家林,钱鸣高,朱卫兵.覆岩主关键层对地表下沉动态的影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(5):787-791.XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao,ZHU Weibing.Study on influences of primary key stratum on surface dynamic subsidence[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(5):787-791.
[14]许家林,轩大洋,朱卫兵,等.部分充填采煤技术的研究与实践[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1303-1312.XU Jialin,XUAN Dayang,ZHU Weibing,et al.Study and application of coal mining with partial backfilling[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(6):1303-1312.
[15]汪锋,许家林,谢建林,等.上覆煤层开采后下伏煤层卸压机理分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(3):398-402.WANG Feng,XU Jialin,XIE Jianlin,et al.Analysis on pressure-relief mechanism of lower seam extraction after upper seam extraction[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(3):398-402.
[16]史述昭,常连芳,孙保立,等.结构力学[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2013:313-332.
[17]TERZAGHI K.Theoretical soil mechanics[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,Inc,1943.
[18]吴侃,邓喀中,周鸣,等.综采放顶煤表土层移动监测成果分析[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(1):21-24.WU Kan,DENG Kazhong,ZHOU Ming,et al.The analysis of monitor conclusion about overburden displacement under condition of fully mechanized sublevel caving[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1999,24(1):21-24.
[19]李鸿昌.矿山压力的相似模拟试验[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1988:69-73.
[20]顾伟.厚松散层下开采覆岩及地表移动规律研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013.
[21]朱卫兵,许家林,施喜书,等.覆岩主关键层运动对地表沉陷影响的钻孔原位测试研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):403-409.ZHU Weibing,XU Jialin,SHI Xishu,et al.Research on influence of overburden primary key stratum movement on surface subsidence with in-situ drilling test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):403-409.
[2]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林,等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003:10-20.
[3]刘义新,戴华阳,姜耀东.厚松散层矿区采动岩土体移动规律模拟试验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(5):700-706.LIU Yixin,DAI Huayang,JIANG Yaodong.Model test for mining-induced movement law of rock and soil mass under thick unconsolidated layers[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(5):700-706.
[4]李德海,许国胜,余华中.厚松散层煤层开采地表动态移动变形特征研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(7):103-106.LI Dehai,XU Guosheng,YU Huazhong.Study on features of surface dynamic movement and deformation caused by coal mining under thick alluvium[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(7):103-106.
[5]左建平,孙运江,钱鸣高.厚松散层覆岩移动机理及“类双曲线”模型[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(6):1372-1379.ZUO Jianping,SUN Yunjiang,QIAN Minggao.Movement mechanism and analogous hyperbola model of overlying strata with thick alluvium[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(6):1372-1379.
[6]左建平,孙运江,王金涛,等.充分采动覆岩“类双曲线”破坏移动机理及模拟分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2018,35(1):71-77.ZUO Jianping,SUN Yunjiang,WANG Jintao,et al.Mechanical and numerical analysis of“analogous hyperbola”movement of overlying strata after full mining extraction[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2018,35(1):71-77.
[7]黄庆享,张沛,董爱菊.浅埋煤层地表厚砂土层“拱梁”结构模型研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(9):2722-2726.HUANG Qingxiang,ZHANG Pei,DONG Aiju.Mathematical model of“arch beam”of thick sandy soil layer movement in shallow seam[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(9):2722-2726.
[8]杜锋,白海波.厚松散层薄基岩综放开采覆岩破断机理研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(7):1105-1110.DU Feng,BAI Haibo.Mechanism research of overlying strata activity with fully mechanized caving in thin bedrock with thick alluvium[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(7):1105-1110.
[9]张通,袁亮,赵毅鑫,等.薄基岩厚松散层深部采场裂隙带几何特征及矿压分布的工作面效应[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(10):2260-2268.ZHANG Tong,YUAN Liang,ZHAO Yixin,et al.Distribution law of working face pressure under the fracture zone distribution characteristic of deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(10):2260-2268.
[10]许家林,朱卫兵,鞠金峰,等.采场大面积压架冒顶事故防治技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(6):1-8.XU Jialin,ZHU Weibing,JU Jinfeng,et al.Study on prevention and control technology of large area powered support jammed and roof falling accident occurred in coal mining face[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(6):1-8.
[11]许家林,朱卫兵,王晓振.基于关键层位置的导水裂隙带高度预计方法[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(5):762-769.XU Jialin,ZHU Weibing,WANG Xiaozhen.New method t o p r e d i c t t h e h e i g h t o f f r a c t u r e d w a t e rconducting zone by location of key strata[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(5):762-769.
[12]屈庆栋,许家林,钱鸣高.关键层运动对邻近层瓦斯涌出的影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(7):1478-1484.QU Qingdong,XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao.Study on influences of key strata movement on gas emissions of adjacent layers[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(7):1478-1484.
[13]许家林,钱鸣高,朱卫兵.覆岩主关键层对地表下沉动态的影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(5):787-791.XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao,ZHU Weibing.Study on influences of primary key stratum on surface dynamic subsidence[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(5):787-791.
[14]许家林,轩大洋,朱卫兵,等.部分充填采煤技术的研究与实践[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1303-1312.XU Jialin,XUAN Dayang,ZHU Weibing,et al.Study and application of coal mining with partial backfilling[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(6):1303-1312.
[15]汪锋,许家林,谢建林,等.上覆煤层开采后下伏煤层卸压机理分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(3):398-402.WANG Feng,XU Jialin,XIE Jianlin,et al.Analysis on pressure-relief mechanism of lower seam extraction after upper seam extraction[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(3):398-402.
[16]史述昭,常连芳,孙保立,等.结构力学[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2013:313-332.
[17]TERZAGHI K.Theoretical soil mechanics[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,Inc,1943.
[18]吴侃,邓喀中,周鸣,等.综采放顶煤表土层移动监测成果分析[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(1):21-24.WU Kan,DENG Kazhong,ZHOU Ming,et al.The analysis of monitor conclusion about overburden displacement under condition of fully mechanized sublevel caving[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1999,24(1):21-24.
[19]李鸿昌.矿山压力的相似模拟试验[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1988:69-73.
[20]顾伟.厚松散层下开采覆岩及地表移动规律研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013.
[21]朱卫兵,许家林,施喜书,等.覆岩主关键层运动对地表沉陷影响的钻孔原位测试研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):403-409.ZHU Weibing,XU Jialin,SHI Xishu,et al.Research on influence of overburden primary key stratum movement on surface subsidence with in-situ drilling test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):403-409.