我国煤制燃料油技术进展及工业化现状
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摘要
我国富煤贫油少气,以煤为原料生产清洁燃料油具有重要意义。为实现我国煤制燃料油产业健康有序快速发展,论述了煤直接液化、煤间接液化、煤油共炼3种煤制燃料油技术的定义、原理以及工艺流程,概述了煤制燃料油技术在我国的发展历程、技术研究进展及工业化应用现状。对3种煤制燃料油技工业应用过程中存在的问题、技术难点进行分析,并展望了应用前景。3种煤制燃料油技术在我国均已建成工业示范项目,步入了商业化发展阶段,煤直接液化和煤油共炼由于技术和原料的特殊性,目前均只是建设了一套工业示范装置,而我国已投产或试车成功的煤间接液化项目有10个左右,总产能近千万吨。煤直接液化技术吨油煤耗小,投资和运行成本低,今后应重点提高循环溶剂的质量和数量;煤间接液化技术成熟,是我国重点推广的煤制燃料油技术,未来的发展趋势是拓展产品种类,提高产品附加值;在同时具备适合液化的煤和重质油资源的企业适宜发展煤油共炼产业。国家应加大煤制油研发投入,重点解决目前存在的水耗、能耗、碳排放高等问题,并给予政策支持,促进煤制油产业快速发展,保障国家能源安全。以规划为先导,积极稳妥发展煤制燃料油产业,是煤炭行业未来发展的新格局新趋势。
China is rich in coal and poor in oil and gas,it is of great significance to produce clean fuel oil by using coal as raw material.In order to realize healthy and orderly development of China's coal to fuel oil industry,The definition,principle and technological process of direct coal liquefaction,indirect coal liquefaction and coal-oil co-processing were introduced.The development course,technology research and industrial application of coal to fuel oil technology in China were reviewed.The existing technical problems and industrial application of three kinds of coal to fuel oil were summarized,and the technical difficulties and application prospects of the three kinds of coal to fuel oil were discussed and prospected.Industrial demonstration projects have been completed for these three types of coal to fuel oil technologies,and have entered the stage of commercial development.Because of the particularity of technology and raw materials,the direct coal liquefaction and coal-oil co-processing have now only built a set of industrial demonstration units. There are about 10 indirect coal liquefaction projects in China that have been put into production or tested successfully,with a total capacity of nearly 10 million tons.It provides an important reference for the long-term planning and policy-making of coal to fuel oil industry in China.Direct coal liquefaction technology with low coal consumption and low investment and operation cost should focus on improving the quality and quantity of circulating solvents in the future.The technology of indirect coal liquefaction is mature,and it is a key popularized technology.The development trend of indirect coal liquefaction technology in the future is to expand the product category and increase the added value of the product. Enterprises with coal and heavy oil resources suitable for liquefaction are suitable for the development of coal-oil co-processing industry.The government should increase investment in research and development of coal to oil,focusing on solving the existing problems of high water consumption,energy consumption,carbon emissions,etc.The government should give policy support to the coal to oil industry,promote the rapid development of the coal oil industry and ensure the national energy security.It is a new pattern and new trend of development for the coal industry to actively and steadily develop the coal to fuel oil industry under the guidance of planning.
China is rich in coal and poor in oil and gas,it is of great significance to produce clean fuel oil by using coal as raw material.In order to realize healthy and orderly development of China's coal to fuel oil industry,The definition,principle and technological process of direct coal liquefaction,indirect coal liquefaction and coal-oil co-processing were introduced.The development course,technology research and industrial application of coal to fuel oil technology in China were reviewed.The existing technical problems and industrial application of three kinds of coal to fuel oil were summarized,and the technical difficulties and application prospects of the three kinds of coal to fuel oil were discussed and prospected.Industrial demonstration projects have been completed for these three types of coal to fuel oil technologies,and have entered the stage of commercial development.Because of the particularity of technology and raw materials,the direct coal liquefaction and coal-oil co-processing have now only built a set of industrial demonstration units. There are about 10 indirect coal liquefaction projects in China that have been put into production or tested successfully,with a total capacity of nearly 10 million tons.It provides an important reference for the long-term planning and policy-making of coal to fuel oil industry in China.Direct coal liquefaction technology with low coal consumption and low investment and operation cost should focus on improving the quality and quantity of circulating solvents in the future.The technology of indirect coal liquefaction is mature,and it is a key popularized technology.The development trend of indirect coal liquefaction technology in the future is to expand the product category and increase the added value of the product. Enterprises with coal and heavy oil resources suitable for liquefaction are suitable for the development of coal-oil co-processing industry.The government should increase investment in research and development of coal to oil,focusing on solving the existing problems of high water consumption,energy consumption,carbon emissions,etc.The government should give policy support to the coal to oil industry,promote the rapid development of the coal oil industry and ensure the national energy security.It is a new pattern and new trend of development for the coal industry to actively and steadily develop the coal to fuel oil industry under the guidance of planning.
引文
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[3]黄格省,李雪静,杨延翔,等.我国煤制油技术发展现状与产业发展方向[J].石化技术与应用,2017,35(6):421-427.HUANG Gesheng,LI Xuejing,YANG Yanxiang,et al.Present situ-ation and development direction of coal to oil production technologyin China[J]. Petrochemical Technology&Application,2017,35(6):421-427.
[4]李振宇,黄格省.推动我国能源生产革命的途径分析[J].化工进展,2015,34(10):3521-3528.LI Zhenyu,HUANG Gesheng. Analysis on ways to promote energyproduction revolution in China[J]. Chemical Industry and Engi-neering progress,2015,34(10):3521-3528.
[5]俞珠峰,王强,罗腾.现代煤化工该朝什么方向发展[J].煤炭加工与综合利用,2017(12):1-4.YU Zhufeng,WANG Qiang,LUO Teng.What direction should mod-ern coal chemical industry develop[J]. Coal Processing and Com-prehensive Utilization,2017(12):1-4.
[6]舒歌平,史士东,李克健.煤炭液化技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2003.
[7]李克健,吴秀章,舒歌平.煤直接液化技术在中国的发展[J].洁净煤技术,2014,20(2):39-43.LI Kejian,WU Xiuzhang,SHU Geping. Development of direct coalliquefaction technologies in China[J]. Clean Coal Technology,2014,20(2):39-43.
[8]史士东.煤加氢液化工程学基础[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2012.
[9]王勇.煤直接液化反应动力学的高压釜试验研究[D].北京:煤炭科学研究总院,2007.
[10]刘华.提高煤直接液化催化剂活性的研究进展及展望[J].洁净煤技术,2016,22(4):105-111.LIU Hua.Improvement of catalysts activity for direct coal liquefac-tion[J].Clean Coal Technology,2016,22(4):105-111.
[11]张德祥.煤制油技术基础与应用研究[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2013.
[12]李克健,程时富,蔺华林,等.神华煤直接液化技术研发进展[J].洁净煤技术,2015,21(1):50-55.LI Kejian,CHENG Shifu,LIN Hualin,et al. Study and develop-ment of Shenhua direct coal liquefaction technology[J]. CleanCoal Technology,2015,21(1):50-55.
[13]谷小会.直接液化重质产物中油含量分析的影响因素[J].煤质技术,2018(2):55-58.GU Xiaohui.The main influencing factors in the analysis of lique-fied petroleum products in the direct liquefaction of heavy coal[J].Coal Quality Technology,2018(2):55-58.
[14]韩来喜.煤直接液化工业示范装置运行情况及前景分析[J].石油炼制与化工,2011,42(8):47-50.HAN Laixi.Operation of a coal direct liquefaction industrial dem-onstration unit and prospect analysis[J]. Petroleum Progessingand Petrochemicals,2011,42(8):47-50.
[15]张继明,舒歌平.神华煤直接液化示范工程最新进展[J].中国煤炭,2010,36(8):11-14.ZHANG Jiming,SHU Geping. Newest progress of Shenhua di-rect coal liquefaction demonstration plant[J]. China Coal,2010,36(8):11-14.
[16]王薇,舒格平,章序文,等.煤直接液化过程中供氢溶剂的组成分析[J].煤炭转化,2018,41(4):48-55.WANG Wei,SHU Geping,ZHANG Xuwen,et al. Composition ofhydrogen donor solvent in the coal direct liquefaction process[J].Coal Conversion,2018,41(4):48-55.
[17]张传江,王云,韩来喜.提高煤直接液化油品收率研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2017(6):4-7.ZHANG Chuanjiang,WANG Yun,HAN Laixi.Study on improvingthe yield of direct coal liquefaction oil[J].Inner Mongolia Petro-chemical,2017(6):4-7.
[18]赵海坤.年产100万吨煤间接液化合成油过程模拟及分析[D].太原:太原理工大学,2012.
[19]张皓荐.Zr、K改性费托合成铁基催化剂的研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2012.
[20]刘团会.煤间接液化制油的研究[D].西安:西北大学,2007.
[21]孙启文,吴建民,张宗森,等.煤间接液化技术及其研究进展[J].化工进展,2013,32(1):1-12.SUN Qiwen,WU Jianmin,ZHANG Zongsen,et al. Indirect coalliquefaction technology and its research progress[J].Chemical In-dustry and Engineering progress,2013,32(1):1-12.
[22]唐宏青.现代煤化工新技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2016.
[23]刘春萌,安广萍,余中云.我国煤制油产业发展前景展望[J].辽宁化工,2018,6(1):523-526.LIU Chunmeng,AN Guangping,YU Zhongyun. Prospects for thedevelopment of china's coal oil industry[J]. Liaoning ChemicalIndustry,2018,6(1):523-526.
[24]高晋生,张德祥.煤液化技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
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