露天煤矿区黄土高切坡稳定性分析
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摘要
露天煤矿的开采实现了高产、高效、安全的目的,但是同时也对环境产生了重要的影响。开采后不仅改变了原始地形、地貌特征,而且破坏了岩土体应力应变条件,造成地质环境的破坏,可能诱发地质灾害,造成重大的社会、经济、环境和生态问题。本研究以露天煤矿区高切坡为研究对象,采用极限平衡原理、边坡稳定性分析、数值模拟等技术手段,利用Slide二维边坡软件进行边坡稳定性分析。分析结果表明:在天然因素、人类工程活动下,采用简化Bishop法得到的安全系数合理可靠。但由于降雨、地震的作用,露天煤矿区高切坡安全系数有所下降。在降雨作用下,岩土体重度增加,抗剪强度下降,导致边坡的下滑力提高而抗滑力降低,坡体内的裂缝形成连续的渗流通道时,边坡稳定性会急剧降低。边坡稳定性分析是岩土工程和露天开采领域研究的重点和热点。本研究提出的分析方法对监测、治理、修复三峡库区天然存在和工程建设造成的高切坡具有借鉴和指导意义。
The exploitation of opencast coalmine has achieved the goal of high yield, high efficiency and safety, but it also has an important impact on the environment. Coal mining not only changes the original topography and geomorphological features, but also alters the stress and strain conditions of the rock and soil, resulting in a geological environment destruction. The destruction may induce a large number of geological disasters, causing major social, economical, environmental and ecological problems. This paper took the high cutting slope in opencast coalmine area as the research object, and used the limit balance principle, slope stability analysis and numerical simulation integrated in the slide two-dimensional slope software to analyze the slope stability. The results show that under the natural factors and human engineering activities, the safety factor obtained by the simplified Bishop method is reasonable and reliable. But due to the influence of rainfall and earthquake, the safety factor of high cutting slope in opencast coalmine area has decreased.Under the action of rainfall, the weight of rock and soil increases and the shear strength decreases, resulting in the increase of slope sliding force and the decrease of anti-sliding force. When the crack in the slope forms a continuous seepage channel, the slope stability will decrease sharply. Slope stability analysis is the focus and hotspot of geotechnical engineering and opencast mining research. The proposed method provides a reference and guidance for monitoring, conTheexploitationofopencastcoalminehasachievedthegoalofhighyield,highefficiencyandsafety,butitalsohas an important impact on the environment. Coal mining not only changes the original topography and geomorphologi-cal features, but also alters the stress and strain conditions of the rock and soil, resulting in a geological environmentdestruction. The destruction may induce a large number of geological disasters, causing major social, economical, envi-ronmental and ecological problems. This paper took the high cutting slope in opencast coalmine area as the researchobject, and used the limit balance principle, slope stability analysis and numerical simulation integrated in the slidetwo-dimensional slope software to analyze the slope stability. The results show that under the natural factors and humanengineering activities, the safety factor obtained by the simplified Bishop method is reasonable and reliable. But due tothe influence of rainfall and earthquake, the safety factor of high cutting slope in opencast coalmine area has decreased.Under the action of rainfall, the weight of rock and soil increases and the shear strength decreases, resulting in theincrease of slope sliding force and the decrease of anti-sliding force. When the crack in the slope forms a continuousseepage channel, the slope stability will decrease sharply. Slope stability analysis is the focus and hotspot of geotechnicalengineering and opencast mining research. The proposed method provides a reference and guidance for monitoring, con-trolling, and repairing the high cutting slopes caused by geological forces and engineering construction in the ThreeGorges Reservoir area.
The exploitation of opencast coalmine has achieved the goal of high yield, high efficiency and safety, but it also has an important impact on the environment. Coal mining not only changes the original topography and geomorphological features, but also alters the stress and strain conditions of the rock and soil, resulting in a geological environment destruction. The destruction may induce a large number of geological disasters, causing major social, economical, environmental and ecological problems. This paper took the high cutting slope in opencast coalmine area as the research object, and used the limit balance principle, slope stability analysis and numerical simulation integrated in the slide two-dimensional slope software to analyze the slope stability. The results show that under the natural factors and human engineering activities, the safety factor obtained by the simplified Bishop method is reasonable and reliable. But due to the influence of rainfall and earthquake, the safety factor of high cutting slope in opencast coalmine area has decreased.Under the action of rainfall, the weight of rock and soil increases and the shear strength decreases, resulting in the increase of slope sliding force and the decrease of anti-sliding force. When the crack in the slope forms a continuous seepage channel, the slope stability will decrease sharply. Slope stability analysis is the focus and hotspot of geotechnical engineering and opencast mining research. The proposed method provides a reference and guidance for monitoring, conTheexploitationofopencastcoalminehasachievedthegoalofhighyield,highefficiencyandsafety,butitalsohas an important impact on the environment. Coal mining not only changes the original topography and geomorphologi-cal features, but also alters the stress and strain conditions of the rock and soil, resulting in a geological environmentdestruction. The destruction may induce a large number of geological disasters, causing major social, economical, envi-ronmental and ecological problems. This paper took the high cutting slope in opencast coalmine area as the researchobject, and used the limit balance principle, slope stability analysis and numerical simulation integrated in the slidetwo-dimensional slope software to analyze the slope stability. The results show that under the natural factors and humanengineering activities, the safety factor obtained by the simplified Bishop method is reasonable and reliable. But due tothe influence of rainfall and earthquake, the safety factor of high cutting slope in opencast coalmine area has decreased.Under the action of rainfall, the weight of rock and soil increases and the shear strength decreases, resulting in theincrease of slope sliding force and the decrease of anti-sliding force. When the crack in the slope forms a continuousseepage channel, the slope stability will decrease sharply. Slope stability analysis is the focus and hotspot of geotechnicalengineering and opencast mining research. The proposed method provides a reference and guidance for monitoring, con-trolling, and repairing the high cutting slopes caused by geological forces and engineering construction in the ThreeGorges Reservoir area.
引文
[1]杨勤学,赵冰清,郭东罡.中国北方露天煤矿区植被恢复研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(4):1152-1157.
[2]温久川.矿区生态环境问题及生态恢复研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2012.
[3]黄元仿,张世文,张立平,等.露天煤矿土地复垦生物多样性保护与恢复研究进展[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(8):72-82.
[4]杜建平,邵景安,谭少军,等.煤矿区土地复垦研究:前景与进展[J].重庆师范大学(自然科学版),2018,35(1):131-140.
[5]ZHANG F,LIU G,CHEN W,et al.Human-induced landslide on a high cut slope:a case of repeated failures due to multi-excavation[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2012,4(4):367-374.
[6]张帆宇.积石峡水电站坝后Ⅰ号滑坡演化过程及稳定性研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2007.
[7]陈鹏.宝日希勒露天矿软岩直边坡失稳机理及稳定性分析研究[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2013.
[8]CAI F,UGAI K,HUANG W F.Slope stability analysis:Comparisons between limit equilibrium method and elastoplastic finite element method[J].Landslides,39(4):395-402.
[9]CHENG Y M,LANSIVAARA T,WEI W B.Two-dimensional slope stability analysis by limit equilibrium and strength reduction methods[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2007,34(3):137-150.
[10]张永贵,刘宏宇,石晓东.基于Slide软件的魏家峁露天煤矿边坡稳定性分析[J].露天采矿技术,2016,31(3):46-49.
[11]张帆宇,白世彪,刘高,等.兰临高速公路袁家湾段切坡开挖失稳过程及其机理[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):81-87.
[12]张帆宇,刘高,谌文武,等.袁家湾滑坡在切坡开挖过程中的演化机理[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(8):1248-1254.
[13]舒继森.露天煤矿边坡稳定关键影响因素及边坡治理与采矿一体化方法研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2009.
[14]马秀婷,邵生俊,杨春鸣,等.非饱和结构性黄土的强度特性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(S1):68-75.
[15]邢鲜丽,李同录,李萍,等.黄土抗剪强度与含水率的变化规律[J].水文地质工程地质,2014,41(3):53-59,97.
[2]温久川.矿区生态环境问题及生态恢复研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2012.
[3]黄元仿,张世文,张立平,等.露天煤矿土地复垦生物多样性保护与恢复研究进展[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(8):72-82.
[4]杜建平,邵景安,谭少军,等.煤矿区土地复垦研究:前景与进展[J].重庆师范大学(自然科学版),2018,35(1):131-140.
[5]ZHANG F,LIU G,CHEN W,et al.Human-induced landslide on a high cut slope:a case of repeated failures due to multi-excavation[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2012,4(4):367-374.
[6]张帆宇.积石峡水电站坝后Ⅰ号滑坡演化过程及稳定性研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2007.
[7]陈鹏.宝日希勒露天矿软岩直边坡失稳机理及稳定性分析研究[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2013.
[8]CAI F,UGAI K,HUANG W F.Slope stability analysis:Comparisons between limit equilibrium method and elastoplastic finite element method[J].Landslides,39(4):395-402.
[9]CHENG Y M,LANSIVAARA T,WEI W B.Two-dimensional slope stability analysis by limit equilibrium and strength reduction methods[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2007,34(3):137-150.
[10]张永贵,刘宏宇,石晓东.基于Slide软件的魏家峁露天煤矿边坡稳定性分析[J].露天采矿技术,2016,31(3):46-49.
[11]张帆宇,白世彪,刘高,等.兰临高速公路袁家湾段切坡开挖失稳过程及其机理[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):81-87.
[12]张帆宇,刘高,谌文武,等.袁家湾滑坡在切坡开挖过程中的演化机理[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(8):1248-1254.
[13]舒继森.露天煤矿边坡稳定关键影响因素及边坡治理与采矿一体化方法研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2009.
[14]马秀婷,邵生俊,杨春鸣,等.非饱和结构性黄土的强度特性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(S1):68-75.
[15]邢鲜丽,李同录,李萍,等.黄土抗剪强度与含水率的变化规律[J].水文地质工程地质,2014,41(3):53-59,97.