卡拉麦里双泉金矿基性火山岩地球化学及地质意义
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摘要
卡拉麦里地区赋存大量的晚古生代火山岩,记录着西伯利亚板块与哈萨克斯坦—准噶尔板块的活动。对卡拉麦里双泉金矿中基性火山岩的岩相学及岩石地球化学特征进行系统的分析,从而对该区域的大地构造环境及其意义进行探讨研究。双泉金矿基性火山岩属于过铝质、钙碱性岩石系列,岩石具富钾镁而贫钠钙的特点;其岩浆热液来源可能为下地壳或上地幔的壳幔混源岩浆。同时大离子亲石元素丰度较低,富集轻稀土元素,显著亏损高场强元素,显示出岛弧火山岩和地壳受同化混染作用的大陆与大洋板块内的岩石特征。在环境构造判别图上表现出岛弧火山岩特征,由此推测其很可能形成于受洋脊俯冲影响的弧前拉张环境之中。
There are a large number of Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks existing in Karamaili area,recording the activities of the Siberia plate and the Kazakhstan-Junggar plate.This paper systematically analyzes the lithofacies and geochemical characteristics of the basic volcanic rocks in Shuangquan gold mine of Karamaili,and discusses the geotectonic environment and its significance.The basic volcanic rocks of Shuangquan gold mine belong to the peraluminous and calc-alkaline rock series,and the rocks are rich in potassium and magnesium and are poor in sodium and calcium.The magmatic hydrothermal source may be the crust and mantle mixed magma of the lower crust or upper mantle.At the same time,the abundance of large ion lithophile elements is low,enriching light rare earth elements,and significantly depleting high field strength elements,showing the rock characteristics of the continental and oceanic plates in which island arc volcanic rocks and crust are assimilated.The characteristics of the island arc volcanic rocks are shown on the environmental structure discriminant diagram.It is speculated that it is likely to be formed in the fore-arc tension environment affected by the oceanic ridge subduction.
There are a large number of Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks existing in Karamaili area,recording the activities of the Siberia plate and the Kazakhstan-Junggar plate.This paper systematically analyzes the lithofacies and geochemical characteristics of the basic volcanic rocks in Shuangquan gold mine of Karamaili,and discusses the geotectonic environment and its significance.The basic volcanic rocks of Shuangquan gold mine belong to the peraluminous and calc-alkaline rock series,and the rocks are rich in potassium and magnesium and are poor in sodium and calcium.The magmatic hydrothermal source may be the crust and mantle mixed magma of the lower crust or upper mantle.At the same time,the abundance of large ion lithophile elements is low,enriching light rare earth elements,and significantly depleting high field strength elements,showing the rock characteristics of the continental and oceanic plates in which island arc volcanic rocks and crust are assimilated.The characteristics of the island arc volcanic rocks are shown on the environmental structure discriminant diagram.It is speculated that it is likely to be formed in the fore-arc tension environment affected by the oceanic ridge subduction.
引文
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[22]BOYNTON W V.Geochemistry of the rare earth elements:meteorite studies[C]//Henderson P.Rare Earth Element Geochemistry.Elsevier,1984:63-114.
[23]SUN S S,MC DONOUGH W F.Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts:Implications for mantle composition and processes[C]//Saunders A D,Norry M J.Magmatism in the Ocean Basins.Geological Society London Special Publications,1989,42(1):313-345.
[2]肖序常,汤耀庆,冯益民,等.新疆北部及其邻区大地构造[M].北京:地质出版社,1992:1-169.XIAO Xuchang,TANG Yaoqing,FENG Yinmin,et al.Tectonics of northern Xinjiang and its adjacent areas[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1992:1-169.
[3]李锦轶,肖序常.对新疆地壳结构与构造演化几个问题的简要评述[J].地质科学,1999,34(4):405-419.LI Jinyi,XIAO Xuchang.A brief review of crustal structure and tectonic evolution in Xinjiang[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,1999,34(4):405-419.
[4]李锦轶,何国琦,徐新,等.新疆北部及邻区地壳构造格架及其形成过程的初步探讨[J].地质学报,2006,80(1):148-168.LI Jinyi,HE Guoqi,XU Xin,et al.Preliminary study on crustal tectonic framework and its formation process in northern Xinjiang and its adjacent areas[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(1):148-168.
[5]JAHN B M,WINDLEY B F,NATAL’IN B,et al.Phanerozoic continental growth in Central Asia[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2004,23(5):599-603.
[6]唐红峰,苏玉平,刘丛强,等.新疆北部卡拉麦里斜长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义[J].大地构造与成矿学,2007,31(1):110-117.TANG Hongfeng,SU Yuping,LIU Congqiang,et al.The U-Pb age and tectonic significance of zircon from the granite of the Cara Mali in northern Xinjiang and its tectonic significance[J].Geotectonica ET Metallogenia2007,31(1):110-117.
[7]苏虎,弓小平,潘展超,等.东准噶尔双泉金矿LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及赋矿岩石地球化学特征[J].新疆地质,2015,33(2):212-218.SU Hu,GONG Xiaoping,PAN Zhanchao,et al.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the East Junggar double spring gold deposit and the geochemical characteristics of ore bearing rock[J].Xinjiang Geolgy,2015,33(2):212-218.
[8]田慧新,刘显凡,徐德章,等.东准噶尔(西域)含锡花岗岩特征及黑云母对含矿性的判别作用[J].新疆地质科学,1990(2):56-71.TIAN Huixin,LIU Xianfan,XU Dezhang,et al.The characteristics of tin bearing granite in East Junggar(Xiyu)and the discriminant effect of black mica on ore bearing property[J].Xinjiang Geological Science,1990(2):56-71.
[9]WINDLEY B F,ALEXEIEV D,XIAO W J,et al.Tectonic models for accretion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt[J].Journal of the Geological Society,2007,164(1):31-47.
[10]韩宝福,季建清,宋彪,等.新疆东准噶尔晚古生代陆壳垂向生长(I);后碰撞深成岩浆活动的时限[J].岩石学报,2006,22(5):1077-1086.HAN Baofu,JI Jianqing,SONG Biao,et al.The vertical growth of the late Paleozoic continental crust in East Junggar,Xinjiang(1);the time limit for the post collisional deep magmatism[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2006,22(5):1077-1086.
[11]卜国民,李华启,李文铅,等.新疆塔克札勒蛇绿混杂岩中玄武质熔岩地球化学特征及因讨论[J].大地构造与成矿学,2005,29(2):252-261.PU Guomin,LI Huaqi,LI Wenqian,et al.Geochemical characteristics and discussion of basaltic lava in the Takzale ophiolitic mélange in Xinjiang[J].Geotectonica ET Metallogenia,2005,29(2):252-261.
[12]马瑞士,舒良树,孙家齐.东天山构造演化与成矿[M].北京:地质出版社,1997:72-74.MA Ruishi,SHU Liangshu,SUN Jiaqi.Structural evolution and mineralization of East Tianshan[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1997:72-74.
[13]李锦轶.新疆东部新元古代晚期和古生代构造格局及其演变[J].地质论评,2004,5(3):304-322.LI Jinyi.Late Neoproterozoic tectonic framework and its evolution in eastern Xinjiang[J].Geological Review,2004,5(3):304-322.
[14]WANG Z H,SUN S,LI J L,et al.Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the northern Xinjiang,China:Geochemical and geochronological constrains from the ophiolites[J].Tectonics,2003,22(2):1014-1029.
[15]刘希军,许继峰,侯青叶,等.新疆东准噶尔克拉麦里蛇绿岩地球化学:洋脊俯冲的产物[J].岩石学报,2007,23(7):1591-1602.LIU Xijun,XU Jifeng,HOU Qingye,et al.Geochemistry of the Karamaili ophiolite in eastern Junggar,Xinjiang:product of oceanic ridge subduction[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2007,23(7):1591-1602.
[16]袁超,肖文交,陈汉林,等.新疆东准噶尔扎河坝钾质玄武岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义[J].地质学报,2006,80(2):254-263.YUAN Chao,XIAO Wemjiao,CHEN Hanlin,et al.The geochemical characteristics and tectonic significance of the kalium basalt in Zha he dam,East Junggar,Xinjiang[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(2):254-263.
[17]赵振华,王强,熊小林,等.新疆北部的两类埃达克岩[J].岩石学报,2006,22(5):1249-1265.ZHAO Zhenhua,WANG Qiang,XIONG Xiaolin,et al.Two kinds of rock series in the northern part of Xinjiang[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2006,22(5):1249-1265.
[18]MIDDLEMOST E A K.Naming materials in the magma/igneous rock system[J].Earth-Science Reviews,1994,37(3/4):215-224.
[19]IRVINE T N,BARAGAR W R A.A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks[J].Can.J.Earth Sci.,1971,8:523-548.
[20]SAUNDERS A D,STOREY M,KENT R W,et al.Consequences of plume lithosphere interactions[M].London:Geological Society Special Publication,1992,68:41-60.
[21]张旗,周国庆.中国蛇绿岩[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:1-15.ZHANG Qi,ZHOU Guoqing.China ophiolite[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001:1-15.
[22]BOYNTON W V.Geochemistry of the rare earth elements:meteorite studies[C]//Henderson P.Rare Earth Element Geochemistry.Elsevier,1984:63-114.
[23]SUN S S,MC DONOUGH W F.Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts:Implications for mantle composition and processes[C]//Saunders A D,Norry M J.Magmatism in the Ocean Basins.Geological Society London Special Publications,1989,42(1):313-345.