底板岩性对煤矸石充填体重金属元素迁移影响规律数值模拟
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摘要
近年来煤矸石充填采煤技术作为煤矿绿色开采技术之一得到了较大规模的推广应用。煤矿采空区中的煤矸石充填体长期处于偏酸性或偏碱性矿井水环境中,其富含的重金属元素有向底板迁移进而影响地下水的风险。通过煤矸石静态浸泡实验,利用ICP测试浸泡液中重金属元素浓度,确定了煤矸石浸泡液中的主要重金属为铍(Be)、锰(Mn);运用COMSOL Multiphysics建立了不同底板岩性(泥岩、花岗岩、砂岩、灰岩)条件下的煤矸石重金属元素迁移数值模拟计算模型;以Mn元素为例分析了重金属元素在不同岩性底板中的扩散距离及浓度分布,得到了重金属元素扩散距离与底板岩层渗透系数的关系。结果表明:未铺设黏土垫层时泥岩、花岗岩、砂岩、灰岩底板中Mn元素在底板中的扩散距离分别为5.2,12.5,16.0,19.0 m,铺设黏土垫层后Mn元素扩散距离为0.9,2.8,5.2,9.1 m,分别下降了82.69%,77.60%,67.50%,52.10%。
In recent years,coal gangue backfill mining technology has been widely applied as one of the green mining technologies.The coal gangue filling in goaf has been in the acidic or alkaline mine water environment for a long time,its heavy metal elements in goaf have the risk of migrating to the floor and polluting groundwater.In this paper,through the static immersion test of coal gangue,the concentration of element in soaking solution was determined by ICP. The main heavy metals components in coal gangue were Be and Mn. A numerical simulation model for the migration of heavy metals in coal gangue under different floor lithology(mudstone,granite,sand-stone and limestone) was established by using COMSOL and Multiphysics.Taking Mn as an example,the diffusion distance and concentration distribution of heavy metal element in different rock floors were analyzed,and the relation between the diffusion distance of heavy metal element and the permeability coefficient of floor rock was obtained.The results show that the diffusion distance of Mn element in the bottom plate is 5.2 m,12.5 m,16 m and 19 m,respectively,when the clay cushion is notlaid on the mudstone,granite,sandstone and limestone.After laying clay cushion,the diffusion distance of Mn element is 0.9 m,2.8 m,5.2 m and 9.1 m,and decreases by 82.69%,77.60%,67.50%,52.10% respectively.
In recent years,coal gangue backfill mining technology has been widely applied as one of the green mining technologies.The coal gangue filling in goaf has been in the acidic or alkaline mine water environment for a long time,its heavy metal elements in goaf have the risk of migrating to the floor and polluting groundwater.In this paper,through the static immersion test of coal gangue,the concentration of element in soaking solution was determined by ICP. The main heavy metals components in coal gangue were Be and Mn. A numerical simulation model for the migration of heavy metals in coal gangue under different floor lithology(mudstone,granite,sand-stone and limestone) was established by using COMSOL and Multiphysics.Taking Mn as an example,the diffusion distance and concentration distribution of heavy metal element in different rock floors were analyzed,and the relation between the diffusion distance of heavy metal element and the permeability coefficient of floor rock was obtained.The results show that the diffusion distance of Mn element in the bottom plate is 5.2 m,12.5 m,16 m and 19 m,respectively,when the clay cushion is notlaid on the mudstone,granite,sandstone and limestone.After laying clay cushion,the diffusion distance of Mn element is 0.9 m,2.8 m,5.2 m and 9.1 m,and decreases by 82.69%,77.60%,67.50%,52.10% respectively.
引文
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[13]齐文跃.煤矸石充填体对地下水环境影响规律研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2016.QI Wenyue.Influence of coal-gangue backfilling to the groundwater environment[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2016.
[14]叶李胜,梁森荣,张碧龙,等.Comsol Multiphysics垃圾填埋场温压耦合数值模拟研究[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(10):196-203.YE Lisheng,LIANG Senrong,ZHANG Bilong,et al.Coupled simulation of temperature and gas pressure about landfill based on COMSOL multiphysics[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,38(10):196-203.
[15]刘新.小型垃圾填埋场建设运营问题分析[J].资源节约与环保,2013(7):188,198.LIU Xin.Analysis of construction and operation of small waste landfill site[J].Resources Economization&Environment Protection,2013(7):188,198.
[16]杨强,李金轩,丁伟翠.浅析地下水污染的主要途径、危害及防治[J].地下水,2007,29(3):72-75,125.YANG Qiang,LI Jinxuan,DING Weicui.Primary analysis of main approaches,harm and preventions of groundwater pollution[J].Ground Water,2007,29(3):72-75,125.
[17]薛禹群,张幼宽.地下水污染防治在我国水体污染控制与治理中的双重意义[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(3):474-481.XUE Yuqun,ZHANG Youkuan.Twofold significance of ground water pollution prevention in China’s water pollution control[J].ACTA Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(3):474-481.
[18]僮祥英,梁杰.贵州毕节市煤矸石中微量元素的综合利用潜力及其环境影响研究[J].安全与环境学报,2013,13(6):148-152.TONG Xiangying,LIANG Jie.Study on the potential comprehensive utilization of trace elements in the coal gangue of Bijie,Guizhou[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2013,13(6):148-152.
[19]王小蓓.煤矿矸石淋溶的风险分析[J].煤矿环境保护,1994(3):54-57.WANG Xiaobei.Risk analysis of gangue leaching in coal mine[J].Coal Mine Environmental Protection,1994(3):54-57.
[20]魏晓妹.地下水资源管理与保护[J].地下水,2013,35(2):1-4.WEI Xiaomei.Management and protection of ground water resources[J].Underground Water,2013,35(2):1-4.
[21]赵峰华,孙红福,李文生.煤矿酸性矿井水中有害元素的迁移特性[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(3):261-266.ZHAO Fenghua,SUN Hongfu,LI Wensheng.Migration of hazardous elements in acid coal mine drainage[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(3):261-266.
[22]马守臣,吕鹏,邵云,等.粉煤灰和菌渣配施对矿井水污染土壤微生物学特性和小麦生长的影响[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(S1):207-211.MA Shouchen,LPeng,SHAO Yun,et al.Effect of improvements with edible fungus residue and fly ash on soil microbiological properties and growth of wheat in the mine water contaminated soil[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(S1):207-211.
[23]GB/T 14848—93,地下水质量标准[S].
[24]毛昶熙.堤防工程手册[M].北京:水利水电出版社,2009.
[2]缪协兴.综合机械化固体充填采煤技术研究进展[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(8):1247-1255.MIAO Xiexing.Progress of fully mechanized mining with solid backfilling technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(8):1247-1255.
[3]缪协兴,张吉雄.井下煤矸分离与综合机械化固体充填采煤技术[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1424-1433.MIAO Xiexing,ZHANG Jixiong.Key technologies of integration of coal mining-gangue washing-backfilling and coal mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1424-1433.
[4]张吉雄,周跃进,黄艳利.综合机械化固体充填采煤一体化技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2012,40(11):10-13,27.ZHANG Jixiong,ZHOU Yuejin,HUANG Yanli.Integrated technology of fully mechanized solid backfill mining[J].Coal Science and Technology,2012,40(11):10-13,27.
[5]LI Meng,ZHANG,Jixiong,HUANG Yanli,et al.Effects of particle size of crushed gangue backfill materials on surface subsidence and its application under buildings[J].Environ Mental Earth Sciences,2017,76(17):603.
[6]BAI Haibo,MA Dan,CHEN Zhanqing.Mechanical behavior of groundwater seepage in karst collapse pillars[J].Engineering Geology,2013,164:101-106.
[7]TSADILAS Christos,SAMARAS Vasilios,EVANGELOU E,et al.Influence of fly ash and sewage sludge application on wheat biomass production,nutrients availability,and soil properties[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2014,1(2):221-226.
[8]CHABUKDHARA Mayuri,SINGH O P.Coal mining in northeast India:An overview of environmental issues and treatment approaches[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2016,3(2):87-96.
[9]刘桂建,杨萍玥,彭子成,等.煤矸石中潜在有害微量元素淋溶析出研究[J].高校地质学报,2001,7(4):449-457.LIU Guijian,YANG Pingyue,PENG Zicheng,et al.Study on leaching of potentially hazardous trace elements from coal-waste rocks[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2001,7(4):449-457.
[10]武旭仁,郝启勇,范士彦.煤矸石中潜在有害微量元素析出过程探讨[J].煤田地质与勘探,2009,37(4):43-46.WU Xuren,HAO Qiyong,FAN Shiyan.Discussion on hazardous trace elements precipitation process in coal gangue[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2009,37(4):43-46.
[11]王文霞,梁旭.煤矸石中重金属元素Cr,Cu,Pb淋溶析出研究[J].黑龙江科技信息,2008(34):41.WANG Wenxia,LIANG Xu.Leaching and leaching of heavy metals Cr,Cu and Pb in coal gangue[J].Heilongjiang Science and Technology Information,2008(34):41.
[12]张明亮,王海霞.煤矿区矸石山周边土壤重金属污染特征与规律[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(4):189-192.ZHANG Mingliang,WANG Haixia.Characteristics on soil heavy metal pollution around coal mine waste piles[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,21(4):189-192.
[13]齐文跃.煤矸石充填体对地下水环境影响规律研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2016.QI Wenyue.Influence of coal-gangue backfilling to the groundwater environment[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2016.
[14]叶李胜,梁森荣,张碧龙,等.Comsol Multiphysics垃圾填埋场温压耦合数值模拟研究[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(10):196-203.YE Lisheng,LIANG Senrong,ZHANG Bilong,et al.Coupled simulation of temperature and gas pressure about landfill based on COMSOL multiphysics[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,38(10):196-203.
[15]刘新.小型垃圾填埋场建设运营问题分析[J].资源节约与环保,2013(7):188,198.LIU Xin.Analysis of construction and operation of small waste landfill site[J].Resources Economization&Environment Protection,2013(7):188,198.
[16]杨强,李金轩,丁伟翠.浅析地下水污染的主要途径、危害及防治[J].地下水,2007,29(3):72-75,125.YANG Qiang,LI Jinxuan,DING Weicui.Primary analysis of main approaches,harm and preventions of groundwater pollution[J].Ground Water,2007,29(3):72-75,125.
[17]薛禹群,张幼宽.地下水污染防治在我国水体污染控制与治理中的双重意义[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(3):474-481.XUE Yuqun,ZHANG Youkuan.Twofold significance of ground water pollution prevention in China’s water pollution control[J].ACTA Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(3):474-481.
[18]僮祥英,梁杰.贵州毕节市煤矸石中微量元素的综合利用潜力及其环境影响研究[J].安全与环境学报,2013,13(6):148-152.TONG Xiangying,LIANG Jie.Study on the potential comprehensive utilization of trace elements in the coal gangue of Bijie,Guizhou[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2013,13(6):148-152.
[19]王小蓓.煤矿矸石淋溶的风险分析[J].煤矿环境保护,1994(3):54-57.WANG Xiaobei.Risk analysis of gangue leaching in coal mine[J].Coal Mine Environmental Protection,1994(3):54-57.
[20]魏晓妹.地下水资源管理与保护[J].地下水,2013,35(2):1-4.WEI Xiaomei.Management and protection of ground water resources[J].Underground Water,2013,35(2):1-4.
[21]赵峰华,孙红福,李文生.煤矿酸性矿井水中有害元素的迁移特性[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(3):261-266.ZHAO Fenghua,SUN Hongfu,LI Wensheng.Migration of hazardous elements in acid coal mine drainage[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(3):261-266.
[22]马守臣,吕鹏,邵云,等.粉煤灰和菌渣配施对矿井水污染土壤微生物学特性和小麦生长的影响[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(S1):207-211.MA Shouchen,LPeng,SHAO Yun,et al.Effect of improvements with edible fungus residue and fly ash on soil microbiological properties and growth of wheat in the mine water contaminated soil[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(S1):207-211.
[23]GB/T 14848—93,地下水质量标准[S].
[24]毛昶熙.堤防工程手册[M].北京:水利水电出版社,2009.