中国精神卫生资源状况分析
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摘要
目的:掌握中国精神卫生资源分布和利用情况,为制定全国精神卫生防治体系建设与发展规划提供参考。方法:采用自编调查表对全国精神卫生机构进行调查,对其中机构、床位、人员数量等相关数据进行描述性分析。结果:截至2015年底,全国共有精神卫生机构2 936家,开放床位433 090张,卫生人员122 309人,其中执业(助理)医师30 122人,护士75 765人。385家设有老年病房,175家设有儿童病房;有528家精神专科医院设有康复科。结论:2010—2015年全国精神卫生专业机构数、床位数、医师数等大幅增长,但仍相对不足,且存在地域分布不均衡、亚专科发展滞后等问题。今后应进一步加强县级和中西部地区服务能力建设;大力支持亚专科发展,加强多学科专业队伍培养。
Objective: To study the allocation and utilization of mental health resources in China, in order to provide a reference for developing the national mental health, prevention and control program. Methods : Descriptive methods are used to analyze the data collected from surveys of mental health facilities by the Nation Mental Health Program Office. Results: By the end of 2015, there were 2936 facilities providing mental health services in China,433090 psychiatric beds and 122309 mental health professionals, of which 30122 were psychiatrists and 75765 were nurses. Among them, 385 facilities had psychiatric geriatrics wards, 175 had psychiatric children wards, and 528 psychiatric hospitals had rehabilitation units. Conclusions : Mental health service resources in China grew significantly between 2010 and 2015, but there was still a relative insufficiency, an uneven geographical allocation and a lagged sub-specialties development. In the future, improving the service capabilities at county-level and mid-western regions, promoting mental health sub-specialties development, and strengthening the training of multidisciplinary mental health teams should be considered as the focus.
Objective: To study the allocation and utilization of mental health resources in China, in order to provide a reference for developing the national mental health, prevention and control program. Methods : Descriptive methods are used to analyze the data collected from surveys of mental health facilities by the Nation Mental Health Program Office. Results: By the end of 2015, there were 2936 facilities providing mental health services in China,433090 psychiatric beds and 122309 mental health professionals, of which 30122 were psychiatrists and 75765 were nurses. Among them, 385 facilities had psychiatric geriatrics wards, 175 had psychiatric children wards, and 528 psychiatric hospitals had rehabilitation units. Conclusions : Mental health service resources in China grew significantly between 2010 and 2015, but there was still a relative insufficiency, an uneven geographical allocation and a lagged sub-specialties development. In the future, improving the service capabilities at county-level and mid-western regions, promoting mental health sub-specialties development, and strengthening the training of multidisciplinary mental health teams should be considered as the focus.
引文
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[7]马宁,严俊,马弘,等.2010年中国精神卫生机构和床位资源现状分析[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2012(12):885-889.
[8]刘彩萍,陈立今,谢斌,等.中国精神卫生机构中的专业人员数量和特征[J].上海精神医学,2013(5):277-286.
[9] World Health Organization(WHO). 2014 Mental Health Atlas[R].Geneva:WHO, 2014.
[10]国家卫生和计划生育委员会,2016年中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴[EQ/OL].(2016-40-12)[2017-09-08].http://cyfd. cnki. com. cn/N2017010032. htm
[2] Charlson F J, Baxter A J, Cheng H G, et al. The burden of mental, neurological and substance use disorders in China and India:asystematic analysis of community representative epidemiological studies. Lancet, 2016, 388(10042):376.
[3]国家发展改革委,卫生部,民政部.关于印发精神卫生防治体系建设与发展规划的通知(发改社会[2010]2267号)[EQ/0L].(2010-9-25)[2017-09-08]. http://ziyuan. iiyi. com/source/down/1479143. html
[4]国务院办公厅.国务院办公厅关于转发卫生计生委等部门《全国精神卫生工作规划(2015-2020年)》的通知(国办发[2015]44号)[EQ/OL].(2015-06-04)[2017-09-08]. http://www. gov. cn/zhengce/content/2015-06/18/content_9860. htm
[5]民政部.民政部关于加快民政精神卫生福利服务发展的意见(民发[2013]213号)[EQ/OL].(2013-12-26)[2017-09-08]. http://www. mca. gov. cn/article/zwgk/fvfg/shflhshsw/201401/20140100574701. shtml
[6]国家统计局.2016年中国统计年鉴[EQ/OL].(2016-10-12)[2017-09-08]. http://www. stats. gov. cn/tjsj/ndsj/2016/indexch. htm
[7]马宁,严俊,马弘,等.2010年中国精神卫生机构和床位资源现状分析[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2012(12):885-889.
[8]刘彩萍,陈立今,谢斌,等.中国精神卫生机构中的专业人员数量和特征[J].上海精神医学,2013(5):277-286.
[9] World Health Organization(WHO). 2014 Mental Health Atlas[R].Geneva:WHO, 2014.
[10]国家卫生和计划生育委员会,2016年中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴[EQ/OL].(2016-40-12)[2017-09-08].http://cyfd. cnki. com. cn/N2017010032. htm