中国老年人的照料需求评估及照料服务供给探讨
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摘要
采用2014年中国老年社会追踪调查数据对中国老年人的照料需求进行多维度评估,并对照料服务的供给状况进行分析,结果发现:我国日常生活不能完全自理的老年人占8.54%,工具性日常生活不能完全自理老人占40.06%,约8%的老年人需要得到专业化的长期照护服务,其中2.19%的重度失能老人更是长期照护服务的重点人群;农村、女性、高龄老年人的认知与抑郁问题相对突出;94.96%的有照料需求的老年人首要照料者为家庭成员。应尽快建立由个人、家庭、社会、政府合理分担的长期照料护理体系,并加强对老年人照料需求的精准化、动态化评估。
Based on the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey in 2014,this paper assesses the care demands of the Chinese elderly in multiple dimensions and describes the supply of the care.The results show that 8.54% of the elderly depend on the activities of daily living,40.06% depend on the instrumental activities of daily living.About 8% of the elderly need to be cared by professional long-term services,and 2.19% of those severely disabled who depend on ADL are the focus group for the longterm care services.The elderly in the rural areas,female elderly and the oldest ones have comparatively serious cognitive and depressive problems.Family members are the primary caregivers for 94.96% of the older people who need to be cared.The paper suggests that it is necessary to set up a long-term care system with reasonable share of responsibilities by individual,family,society and government and strengthen the accurate and dynamic assessment of the care demands by older people.
Based on the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey in 2014,this paper assesses the care demands of the Chinese elderly in multiple dimensions and describes the supply of the care.The results show that 8.54% of the elderly depend on the activities of daily living,40.06% depend on the instrumental activities of daily living.About 8% of the elderly need to be cared by professional long-term services,and 2.19% of those severely disabled who depend on ADL are the focus group for the longterm care services.The elderly in the rural areas,female elderly and the oldest ones have comparatively serious cognitive and depressive problems.Family members are the primary caregivers for 94.96% of the older people who need to be cared.The paper suggests that it is necessary to set up a long-term care system with reasonable share of responsibilities by individual,family,society and government and strengthen the accurate and dynamic assessment of the care demands by older people.
引文
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[2]孙鹃娟.中国老年人的居住方式现状与变动特点——基于“六普”和“五普”数据的分析[J].人口研究,2013(6):35-42.
[3]姚远.老年群体更替对我国老年社会工作发展的影响[J].国家行政学院学报,2015(3):69-74.
[4]景跃军,李元.中国失能老年人构成及长期护理需求分析[J].人口学刊,2014(2):55-63.
[5]彭晨,吴明.我国老年人失能失智及长期照护的现状[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2016(3):382-388.
[6]姜向群,魏蒙.中国高龄老年人日常生活自理能力及其变化情况分析[J].人口与发展,2015(2):93-100.
[7]张文娟,魏蒙.中国老年人的失能水平到底有多高?——多个数据来源的比较[J].人口研究,2015(3):34-47.
[8]黄匡时.中国老年人日常生活照料需求研究[J].人口与社会,2014(4):10-17.
[9]RADLOFF LS.The CES-D scale:A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population[J].Applied Psychological Measurement,1977(1):385-401.
[10]唐丹,姜凯迪.家庭支持与朋友支持对不同自理能力老年人抑郁水平的影响[J].心理与行为研究,2015(1):65-69.