照明分析在常州地区地震采集观测系统优化设计中的应用
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摘要
针对常州地区锡北构造逆断层下伏地层地震资料品质较差、成像不理想问题,结合DS1井钻井地层和前期解释方案构建二维地质模型。基于常规观测系统分别在流沙层的上、中、下及旁边进行模拟激发并实施照明分析,沿目的层界面提取照明度、确定阴影区。根据地震波的互易性原理,沿目的层界面在阴影区两侧进一步通过逆向照明分析,确定地表优势能量的接收范围,在优势接收范围内优化采集参数并进行有效的模拟分析,使阴影区照明度得到明显提高,成像质量得到改善。通过实际剖面的对比验证,证实照明分析对锡北构造采集参数优化设计是可行的,能够提高采集质量。
In order to solve the problem of poor quality of seismic data and poor imaging in the underlying fault of Xibei structure in Changzhou area,a two-dimensional Geological model was constructed by means of the DS1 well drilling and the pre-interpretation scheme. Based on the conventional observation system,simulation excitation and illumination analysis were carried out on the upper,middle,lower and side of the quicksand layer,and the illumination was extracted and the shadow region was determined along the target layer interface.According to the principle of the reciprocity of seismic waves,the receiving range of the superior energy of the sur-face was determined by reverse illumination analysis on both sides of the shadow region along the interface of the target layer. Illumination and images in the shadow region were improved by optimization of the acquisition parameters and effective simulation analysis within the superior receiving range. It proved that illumination analysis is feasible for optimization design of the acquisition parameters of the Xibei structure,and it can improve the quality of acquisition through the comparison and verification of the actual section.
In order to solve the problem of poor quality of seismic data and poor imaging in the underlying fault of Xibei structure in Changzhou area,a two-dimensional Geological model was constructed by means of the DS1 well drilling and the pre-interpretation scheme. Based on the conventional observation system,simulation excitation and illumination analysis were carried out on the upper,middle,lower and side of the quicksand layer,and the illumination was extracted and the shadow region was determined along the target layer interface.According to the principle of the reciprocity of seismic waves,the receiving range of the superior energy of the sur-face was determined by reverse illumination analysis on both sides of the shadow region along the interface of the target layer. Illumination and images in the shadow region were improved by optimization of the acquisition parameters and effective simulation analysis within the superior receiving range. It proved that illumination analysis is feasible for optimization design of the acquisition parameters of the Xibei structure,and it can improve the quality of acquisition through the comparison and verification of the actual section.
引文
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[3] HOFFMANN J. Illumination,resolution,and image quality of PP and PS waves for survey planning[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20(9):1008-1014.
[4]李万万.基于波动方程正演的地震观测系统设计[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(2):134-141.LI W W. Seismic observation system design based on wave equation forward modeling[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(2):134-141.
[5]单联瑜,刘洪,匡斌,等.基于胜利典型地质模型的波动方程地震波照明分析研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(1):1-6.SHAN L Y,LIU H,KUANG B,et al. Analysis on seismic wave illumination of wave equation based on Shengli typical geologic model[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,44(1):1-6.
[6]朱金平,董良国,程玖兵.基于地震照明、面向勘探目标的三维观测系统优化设计[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):339-348.ZHU J P,DONG L G,CHENG J B. Optimization design of 3D observation system based on seismic illumination and exploration targets[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(3):339-348.
[7]陈生昌,毕亚杰,林晨.地震观测系统评价的波动方程方向照明方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(6):656-661.CHEN S C,BI Y J,LIN C. Seismic acquisition geometry evaluation method based on wave equation directional illumination technique[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,44(6):656-661.
[8]于晨霞,韩立国,巩向博,等.起伏地表地震波场定向照明方法[J].世界地质,2016,35(2):536-542.YU C X,HAN L G,GONG X B,et al. Method on directional seismic illumination on rugged surface[J]. Global Geology,2016,35(2):536-542.
[9] XIE X B,JIN S W,WU R S. Wave-equation-based seismic illumination analysis[J]. Geophysics,2006,71(5):169-177.
[10] SCHNEIDER W A,WINBOW G A. Efficient and accurate modeling of 3D seismic illumination[C]//Expanded Abstracts of 69th SEG Mtg. Houston,USA:[s.n.],1999:633-636.
[11] LUO M. Comparison of illumination analysis using oneway and full-wave propagators[C]//Expanded abstracts of 74 th SEG Mtg. Denver,USA:[s. n.],2004:67-70.PEI Z L. Analysis on wave equation seismic directional illumination[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(6):645-651.
[12]董良国,吴晓丰,唐海忠,等.逆掩推覆构造的地震波照明与观测系统优化[J].石油物探,2006,45(1):40-47.DONG L G,WU X F,TANG H Z,et al. Seismic wave illumination for overthrust nappe structures and optimal seismic survey design[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(1):40-47.
[13]刘文革,贺振华,黄德济,等.高精度傅里叶有限差分法模型正演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6):629-633.LIU W G,HE Z H,HUANG D J,et al. Forward modeling by high-precision Fourier finite-difference approach[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(6):629-633.
[14] COLLINO F,TSOGKA C. Application of the perfectly matched absorbing layer model to the linear elastodynamic problem in anisotropic heterogeneous media[J].Geophysics,2001,66(1):294-307.
[15]吕公河,尹成,周星合,等.基于采集目标的地震照明度的精确模拟[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(3):258-261.LYU G H,YIN C,ZHOU X H,et al. Precious simulation of seismic illumination based on acquired targets[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(3):258-261.