东海盆地西湖凹陷中西部低渗近致密—致密砂岩气成因、来源及运聚成藏
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摘要
以东海盆地西湖凹陷中西部西斜坡平湖组中下段及宝石组和西次凹花港组下段两个靶区为例,基于钻测资料结合激光共聚焦扫描显微镜和扫描电镜等技术对目前低渗近致密—致密砂岩气层的宏观分布和储层微观特征进行了描述。利用气样稳定碳同位素组成、组分及轻烃分析成果,使用盆地模拟和流体包裹体技术,结合构造-沉积地质背景,对西斜坡和西次凹低渗近致密—致密砂岩气成因、气源和运聚成藏机制进行了综合研究。研究结果表明:两个区带已钻遇的近致密—致密砂岩气主要为煤型气。西次凹致密气主要来源于本地平湖组煤系源岩,因暗色泥岩有少量的腐泥母质,可能有少量油型气存在;此外部分天然气还有本地花港组下段煤系源岩微量影响;西次凹生成的成熟后期—高成熟天然气于3.9~0Ma借助断裂大规模垂向运聚成藏,具有近源、晚期、一次成藏机制;西斜坡近致密气充注时期为2.8~0Ma,近致密气可分为两类,一类来自本地平湖组煤系烃源岩的成熟中期天然气,于晚期充注成藏,另一类来源于异地西次凹平湖组煤系烃源岩的成熟后期—高成熟气,也于相近时期,通过断裂与三角洲前缘砂坝构成的阶梯状运移通道大规模充注西斜坡储层,具有"远近双源"、晚期、一次成藏机制。
With middle-lower Pinghu and Baoshi formations in western slope zone and lower Huagang formation in western sub-sag in Xihu Sag,East China Sea Basin as the objectives,this study describes the macro and micro distribution characteristics of low-permeable and nearly tight-tight sandstone gas reservoirs using drilling data,confocal laser scanning microscope and scanning electron microscope.Based on tectonicsedimentary settings,stable carbon isotopic compositions of natural gas and analysis result of light hydrocarbon,this study carried out comprehensive analysis of genesis,origin and migration-accumulation of tight sandstone gas using source rock simulation and fluid inclusion technology.The results indicate that nearly tight-tight sandstone gas in two study regions is mainly coal-type gas.Tight sandstone gas in western sub-sag mainly comes from coal-measure rocks in the Pinghu Formation,and dark sapropelic matter may indicate existence of minor amount of oil-type gas.In addition,part of natural gas may be slightly affected by coal-measure rock of the lower Huagang Formation.Nearly tight sandstone gas in western slope zone can be divided into two groups:moderately mature gas from local source rocks and mature late stage-highly mature gas from source rocks in western sub-sag.The mature late stage-highly mature gas in western sub-sag vertically migrated and accumulated via faults at 3.9 ~0 Ma.Moderately mature gas was injected into reservoirs in western slope zone at 2.8~0 Ma.Meanwhile,the mature late stage-highly mature gas from western sub-sag migrated into western slope zone via ladder-like channel which consists of faults and deltaic front channel sand bar.
With middle-lower Pinghu and Baoshi formations in western slope zone and lower Huagang formation in western sub-sag in Xihu Sag,East China Sea Basin as the objectives,this study describes the macro and micro distribution characteristics of low-permeable and nearly tight-tight sandstone gas reservoirs using drilling data,confocal laser scanning microscope and scanning electron microscope.Based on tectonicsedimentary settings,stable carbon isotopic compositions of natural gas and analysis result of light hydrocarbon,this study carried out comprehensive analysis of genesis,origin and migration-accumulation of tight sandstone gas using source rock simulation and fluid inclusion technology.The results indicate that nearly tight-tight sandstone gas in two study regions is mainly coal-type gas.Tight sandstone gas in western sub-sag mainly comes from coal-measure rocks in the Pinghu Formation,and dark sapropelic matter may indicate existence of minor amount of oil-type gas.In addition,part of natural gas may be slightly affected by coal-measure rock of the lower Huagang Formation.Nearly tight sandstone gas in western slope zone can be divided into two groups:moderately mature gas from local source rocks and mature late stage-highly mature gas from source rocks in western sub-sag.The mature late stage-highly mature gas in western sub-sag vertically migrated and accumulated via faults at 3.9 ~0 Ma.Moderately mature gas was injected into reservoirs in western slope zone at 2.8~0 Ma.Meanwhile,the mature late stage-highly mature gas from western sub-sag migrated into western slope zone via ladder-like channel which consists of faults and deltaic front channel sand bar.
引文
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Cheng Keming,Jin Weiming,He Zhonghua,Chen jianping,Yang Zhongfang.1987.Composition characteristics of light hydrocarbons in continental oil and condensate and their geological significance.Petroleum Exploration and Development,14(1):33~34(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chung H M.1988.Origin of gaseous hydrocarbons in subsurface environments:Theoretical considerations of carbon isotope.Chemical Geology,71(1~3):71~103.
Davis J S.2011.Modeling Gas Migration,Distribution,and Saturation in a Structurally and Petrologically Evolving Tight Gas Reservoir.Bangkok,Thailand:International Petroleum Technology Conference.
Dai Jinxing.1992.A brief discussion on the problem of the geneses of the carbon isotopic series reversal inorganogenic alkane gases.Natural Gas Industry,10(6):1~20(in Chinese with English abstract).
Dai Jinxing,Xia Xinyu,Qin Shengfei,Zhao Jingzhou.2003.Causation of partly reversed orders ofδ13 C in biogenic alkane gas in China.Oil&Gas Geology,24(1):1~6(in Chinese with English abstract).
Dai Jinxing,Zou Caineng,Zhang Shuichang,Li Jian,Ni Yunyan,Hu Guoyi.2008.Identification origin of inorganic and organic alkane gas.Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,38(11):1329~1341(in Chinese with English abstract).
Dai J,Ni Y,Huang S.2010.Discussion on the carbon isotopic reversal of alkane gases from the Huanglong Formation in the Sichuan Basin,China.Acta Petrolei Sinica,31(5),710~717(in Chinese with English abstract).
Dai Jinxing,Ni Yunyan,Wu Xiaoqi.2012.Tight gas in China and its significance in exploration and exploitation.Petroleum Exploration and Development,39(3):257~264(in Chinese with English abstract).
Dai Jinxing.1993.Identification of coal formed gas and oil type gas by light hydrocarbons.Petroleum Exploration and Development,20(5):26~32(in Chinese with English abstract).
Dou Wenchao,Liu Luofu,Wu Kangjun,Xu Zhengjian.2016.Pore structure characteristics and its effect on permeability by mercury injection measurement:an example from Triassic Chang-7reservoir,Southwest Ordos Basin.Geological Review,62(2):502~511(in Chinese with English abstract).
Fu Ning,Li Youchuan,Liu Dong,Zhou Li.2005.Geochemical characteristics of natural gas migration in Pinghu gas field,EastChina Sea.Petroleum Exploration and Development,32(5):34~37(in Chinese with English abstract).
Fu Xiaofei,Xu Meng,Liu Shaobo,Zhuo Qingong,Meng Lingdong.2016.Interior structure of fractures in the tight sandstonegypsum mudstone(reservoir caprock combinations)in the Kuqa depression,Tarim basin,and its significance in gas reservoir accumulation.Acta Geologica Sinica,90(3):521~533(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hu Guoyi,Li Jin,Li Zhisheng.2010.Composition and carbon isotopic distribution characteristics of light hydrocarbon in coalderived gas and natural gas exploration.Acta Petrolei Sinica,31(1),42~48(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hu Mingyi,Shen Jiao,Hu Die.2013.Reservoir characteristics and its main controlling factors of the Pinghu Formation in Pinghu structural belt,Xihu Depression.Oil&Gas Geology:34(2):185~191(in Chinese with English abstract).
Law B E.2002.Basin-centered gas systems.AAPG Bulletin,86(11):1891~1919.
Lei Chuang,Ye Jiaren,Wu Jingfu,Shan Chao,Tian Yang,Yin Shiyan.2014.The dynamic process of hydrocarbon accumulation in low exploration basins:A case study of Xihu depression.Earth Science,2014,39(7):837~847(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Weihong,Lin Changson,Guo Zeqin,Liu Jingyan,Bo Dongmei.Song Xiaoyon.2009.Styles of inversion structures and their mechanisms of the Cenozoic Xihu sag,East China Sea Shelf Basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,44(1):74~87(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Wenhui,Xu Yongchang.1997.A two-stage model of carbon isotopic fractionation in coal-gas.Geochimica,28(4):359~366(in Chinese with English abstract).
National Energy Administration.2011.Geological evaluating methods for tight sandstone gas.Beijing:petroleum industry press(in Chinese).
Schmoker J W.2002.Resource-assessment perspectives for unconventional gas systems.AAPG Bulletin,86(11):1993~1999.
Su Ao,Chen Honghan,Wang Cunwu,Li Peijun,Zhang Hui,Xiong Wanlin,2013.Genesis and maturity identification of oil and gas in the Xihu sag,East China Sea Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,40(5):521~527(in Chinese with English abstract).
Su Ao,Chen Honghan.2015.Geochemical characteristics of oil and source rock,origin and genesis of oil in Xihu depression,East China Sea Basin.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,40(6),1072~1082(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wei Hengfei,Chen Jianfa,Chen Xiaodong,Cao Bing,Guo Wang,Zhang Junhua.2013.The controlling factors and sedimentary environment for developing coastal coalbearing source rock of Pinghu Formation in Xihu depression.Geology in China,40(2):487~497(in Chinese with English abstract).
Whiticar M J.1999.Carbon and hydrogen isotope systematics of bacterial formation and oxidation of methane.Chemical Geology,161(1/2/3):291~314.
Wang Wenjuan,Yinguo Z,Jianpei Z.2014.Seismic facies features and sedimentary facies distribution of Oligocene Huagang formation in Xihu sag,East China Sea Basin.Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,19(1):60~68(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu Ting,Hou Dujie,Cao Bing.2015.Study of precursors for condensates and light oils in Xihu sag of East China Sea Basin.Geochimica,44(3):289~300.
Yuan Zhengwen,Zhu Jiawei,Wang Shenglang,Xu Huazheng.1990.Characteristics and classification of gas reservoirs in Shahejie Formation in Dongpu depression.Natural Gas Industry,10(3):6~11(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Jianpei,Yu Yifan,Zhang Tian,Zhang Shaoliang,Tang Xianjun.2013.A discussion on the exploration potential of deep basin gas in Xihu sag,East China Sea.China Offshore Oil and Gas,25(2):24~29(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Li,Zou Huayao,Hao Fang,Li Pingping,Yang Suo,Song Yu.2017.Characteristics and densification causes and of highly-tight sandstone of the Xujiahe Formation(T3x2)in the Yuanba area,northeastern Sichuan basin.Acta Geologica Sinica,91(9):2105~2118(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈琳琳,王文强.1999.东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷深层烃源岩探讨.海洋石油,(2):1~8.
程克明,金伟明,何忠华,陈建平,杨忠芳.1987.陆相原油及凝析油的轻烃单体烃组成特征及地质意义.石油勘探与开发.14(1):33~34.
戴金星,倪云燕,吴小奇.2012.中国致密砂岩气及在勘探开发上的重要意义.石油勘探与开发,39(3):257~264.
戴金星,夏新宇,秦胜飞,赵靖舟.2003.中国有机烷烃气碳同位素系列倒转的成因.石油与天然气地质,24(1):1~6.
戴金星,倪云燕,黄士鹏.2010.四川盆地黄龙组烷烃气碳同位素倒转成因的探讨.石油学报,31(5):710~717.
戴金星.1992.概论有机烷烃气碳同位素系列倒转的成因问题.天然气工业,10(6):1~20.
戴金星,邹才能,张水昌,李剑,倪云燕,胡国艺,2008.无机成因和有机成因烷烃气的鉴别.中国科学:D辑,38(11):1329~1341.
戴金星.1993.利用轻烃鉴别煤成气和油型气.石油勘探与开发,20(5):26~32.
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