黄柏木铣削加工后木材表面微观分析
|
摘要
研究基于对黄柏木的横、径向切面的铣削加工试验,得到不同的加工表面,然后借助扫描电镜对加工后的表面木纤维的破坏形式进行了观察,随后分析了不同加工方向下,黄柏木表面纤维的断裂形式和形成机制,讨论了铣削方向对木材表面质量的影响因素。结果表明,横、径向加工方向的不同会影响加工效率及能耗;顺、逆纹加工路径的不同会影响纤维的断裂形态和形成机理;铣削过程中纤维拉断和撕裂情况的不同则会影响加工后的木材表面质量。研究结果为不同木材、不同加工方式和方法等因素对木材破坏机制影响的进一步试验分析奠定了基础。
Timbers of Phellodendron amurense were milled along transverse and radial sections.Surfaces of the milled timber were observed by scanning electron microscope to examine the damages after being milled.The failure forms and mechanisms of the surface cellulose were analyzed.Factors affecting the wood surface quality by different milling directions were discussed.From the experimental results and mechanism analysis,it was concluded that milling directions affected the processing efficiency and energy consumption,the difference of the processing path determined the fracture morphology and formation mechanism,and in the process of milling,fiber breaking and tearing influenced the surface quality.The results of the experiments would lay the foundation for the further study on the effects of different woods,different processing methods on the failure mechanism of woods.
Timbers of Phellodendron amurense were milled along transverse and radial sections.Surfaces of the milled timber were observed by scanning electron microscope to examine the damages after being milled.The failure forms and mechanisms of the surface cellulose were analyzed.Factors affecting the wood surface quality by different milling directions were discussed.From the experimental results and mechanism analysis,it was concluded that milling directions affected the processing efficiency and energy consumption,the difference of the processing path determined the fracture morphology and formation mechanism,and in the process of milling,fiber breaking and tearing influenced the surface quality.The results of the experiments would lay the foundation for the further study on the effects of different woods,different processing methods on the failure mechanism of woods.
引文
[1]杨铁滨,侯玉婷,刘一星,等.基于图像的木材机械加工表面质量评价研究[J].森林工程,2015,31(1):59-62.YANG T B,HOU Y T,LIU Y X,et al.Image-based evaluation of machining wood surface quality[J].Forest Engineering,2015,31(1):59-62.(in Chinese)
[2]徐有明.木材学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006.
[3]李敏华,李桂兰,谭必明,等.黄连木与紫油木木材解剖特性比较研究[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(5):189-193.LI M H,LI G L,TAN B M,et al.Comparative anatomical characteristics of timber between Pistacia chinensis and P.weinmannifolia[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2012,27(5):189-193.(in Chinese)
[4]佟达,张燕,宋魁彦.天然林五角槭木材材质径向变异规律初探[J].森林工程,2012,28(1):36-43.TONG D,ZHANG Y,SONG K Y.Preliminary study on radial variation patterns of wood properties of A.mono maxim natural forest[J].Forest Engineering,2012,28(1):36-43.(in Chinese)
[5]张超男,赵西平,刘高均,等.帽儿山林场古栎木根内导管特征的差异[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(1):64-68.ZHANG C N,ZHAO X P,LIU G J,et al.Variations of vessel characteristics in the roots of Quercusmongolica in Maoer mountain forest farm[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,29(1):64-68.(in Chinese)
[6]徐速,曾凡锁,赵兴堂,等.不同种源水曲柳木材主要化学成分含量变异分析[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(2):234-238.XU S,ZENG F S,ZHAO X T,et al.Analysis on the variation of main chemical components of different source of Fraxinus mandschurica[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(2):234-238.(in Chinese)
[7]ZHANG X,ZHAO Q,WANG S,et al.Characterizing strength and fracture of wood cell wall through uniaxial micro-compression test[J].Composites Part A Applied Science&Manufacturing,2010,41(5):632-638.
[8]上官蔚蔚,邢新婷,费本华,等.木材细胞壁力学试验方法研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2011,26(6):149-153.SHANGGUAN W W,XING X T,FEI B H,et al.Advances in the experimental methods of mechanical test of wood cell wall[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2011,26(6):149-153.(in Chinese)
[9]马岩.国外木材切削理论研究的进展[J].木材加工机械,2008(4):34-39.MA Y.The development of theory of wood cutting abroad[J].Wood Processing Machinery,2008(4):34-39.(in Chinese)
[10]JIANG J X,WANG J W,ZHANG X,et al.Microstructure change in wood cell wall fracture from mechanical pretreatment and its influence on enzymatic hydrolysis[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2017,97:498-508.
[11]廖声熙,崔凯,孙庆丰,等.云南松人工林正常木与应压木物理力学性质比较.西北林学院学报,2013,28(6):161-164.LIAO S X,CUI K,SUN Q F,et al.Comparative study on physical and mechanical properties of normal and compressed woods from Pinus yunnanensis plantations[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2013,28(6):161-164.(in Chinese)
[12]ADYA P,SINGH,GEOFFREY DANIEL.The S2layer in the tracheid walls of picea abies wood:inhomogeneity in lignin distribution and cell wall microstructure[J].Holzforschung,2005,55(4):373-378.
[13]黄腾华,符韵林,李宁.擎天树木材物理力学性质研究[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(5):160-163.HUANG T H,FU Y L,LI N.Physical and mechanical properties of Shorea chinensis wood[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2013,28(5):160-163.(in Chinese)
[14]杨春梅.微米木纤维切削功耗计算理论及MFHB形成机理[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2007.
[15]孙建华,熊勋.对伐木剪剪伐立木的力学分析及劈裂机理的研究[J].森林工程,2000,16(2):23-25.
[16]STANZL-TSCHEGG S E,KEUNECKE D,TSCHEGG E K.Fracture tolerance of reaction wood(yew and spruce wood in the TR crack propagation system)[J].Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials,2011,4:688-698.
[2]徐有明.木材学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006.
[3]李敏华,李桂兰,谭必明,等.黄连木与紫油木木材解剖特性比较研究[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(5):189-193.LI M H,LI G L,TAN B M,et al.Comparative anatomical characteristics of timber between Pistacia chinensis and P.weinmannifolia[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2012,27(5):189-193.(in Chinese)
[4]佟达,张燕,宋魁彦.天然林五角槭木材材质径向变异规律初探[J].森林工程,2012,28(1):36-43.TONG D,ZHANG Y,SONG K Y.Preliminary study on radial variation patterns of wood properties of A.mono maxim natural forest[J].Forest Engineering,2012,28(1):36-43.(in Chinese)
[5]张超男,赵西平,刘高均,等.帽儿山林场古栎木根内导管特征的差异[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(1):64-68.ZHANG C N,ZHAO X P,LIU G J,et al.Variations of vessel characteristics in the roots of Quercusmongolica in Maoer mountain forest farm[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,29(1):64-68.(in Chinese)
[6]徐速,曾凡锁,赵兴堂,等.不同种源水曲柳木材主要化学成分含量变异分析[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(2):234-238.XU S,ZENG F S,ZHAO X T,et al.Analysis on the variation of main chemical components of different source of Fraxinus mandschurica[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(2):234-238.(in Chinese)
[7]ZHANG X,ZHAO Q,WANG S,et al.Characterizing strength and fracture of wood cell wall through uniaxial micro-compression test[J].Composites Part A Applied Science&Manufacturing,2010,41(5):632-638.
[8]上官蔚蔚,邢新婷,费本华,等.木材细胞壁力学试验方法研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2011,26(6):149-153.SHANGGUAN W W,XING X T,FEI B H,et al.Advances in the experimental methods of mechanical test of wood cell wall[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2011,26(6):149-153.(in Chinese)
[9]马岩.国外木材切削理论研究的进展[J].木材加工机械,2008(4):34-39.MA Y.The development of theory of wood cutting abroad[J].Wood Processing Machinery,2008(4):34-39.(in Chinese)
[10]JIANG J X,WANG J W,ZHANG X,et al.Microstructure change in wood cell wall fracture from mechanical pretreatment and its influence on enzymatic hydrolysis[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2017,97:498-508.
[11]廖声熙,崔凯,孙庆丰,等.云南松人工林正常木与应压木物理力学性质比较.西北林学院学报,2013,28(6):161-164.LIAO S X,CUI K,SUN Q F,et al.Comparative study on physical and mechanical properties of normal and compressed woods from Pinus yunnanensis plantations[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2013,28(6):161-164.(in Chinese)
[12]ADYA P,SINGH,GEOFFREY DANIEL.The S2layer in the tracheid walls of picea abies wood:inhomogeneity in lignin distribution and cell wall microstructure[J].Holzforschung,2005,55(4):373-378.
[13]黄腾华,符韵林,李宁.擎天树木材物理力学性质研究[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(5):160-163.HUANG T H,FU Y L,LI N.Physical and mechanical properties of Shorea chinensis wood[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2013,28(5):160-163.(in Chinese)
[14]杨春梅.微米木纤维切削功耗计算理论及MFHB形成机理[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2007.
[15]孙建华,熊勋.对伐木剪剪伐立木的力学分析及劈裂机理的研究[J].森林工程,2000,16(2):23-25.
[16]STANZL-TSCHEGG S E,KEUNECKE D,TSCHEGG E K.Fracture tolerance of reaction wood(yew and spruce wood in the TR crack propagation system)[J].Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials,2011,4:688-698.