果寡糖、枯草芽孢杆菌和金霉素对奥尼罗非鱼生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道菌群的影响
|
摘要
试验研究果寡糖(FOS)、枯草芽孢杆菌(BS)和金霉素(AM)对奥尼罗非鱼生长性能、血清生化指标和非特异性免疫指标以及肠道菌群的影响。选用体重约20 g奥尼罗非鱼450尾,随机分成5个组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。1组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(不含抗生素等添加剂);2、3、4、5组为试验组,分别在基础饲粮添加0.4%FOS、0.2%BS、0.4%FOS+0.2%BS、0.1%AM。进行8周的饲养试验。结果表明:与对照组比较,0.4%FOS+0.2%BS、0.1%AM组鱼的相对增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)分别显著提高29.43%、27.18%和17.18%、15.95%(P<0.05);且饵料系数(FCR)显著降低(P<0.05)。各试验组的血清总胆固醇(T-CHO)有所降低,其中0.4%FOS+0.2%BS、0.1%AM组分别比对照组显著降低22.84%、24.28%(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,0.4%FOS+0.2%BS组血清酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、溶菌酶(LSZ)活性显著提高(P<0.05);肠道双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数显著上升(P<0.05),大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌数显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,奥尼罗非鱼饲粮添加FOS、BS和AM能不同程度地提高生长性能和机体非特异性免疫功能,降低血清脂质含量,改善肠道微生态环境。FOS和BS具有一定协同作用,两者联用可达到替代抗生素的使用效果。
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fructo-oligosaccharides(FOS), Bacillus subtilis(BS)and aureomycin(AM) on the performance,serum biochemical indices, serum nonspecific immune indices and intestinal microflora of hybrid tilapia(Oreochromis aureus×O.niloticus). 450 fishes with a initial body weight of about 20 g were selected and randomly divided into five groups, with three repeats for each group, and 30 in each repeats.Group 1 was as the control group, feeding basal diet; group 2,3,4,5 were test groups, added 0.4% FOS, 0.2%BS,0.4%FOS+0.2%BS, 0.1% AM to diets for the tilapia respectively for 8 weeks feeding trial. The results showed that the weight gain rate(WGR) and specific growth rate(SGR) of the groups adding 0.4%FOS+0.2%BS and 0.1%AM were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05), WGR increased by 29.43%, 27.18%, and SGR increased by 17.18% and 15.95% respectively. The feed conversion ratio(FCR) decreased significantly(P<0.05). The serum total cholesterol(T-CHO) of groups included additives tended to decrease, among which, the addition of 0.4%FOS+0.2%BS and 0.1% AM decreased significantly by 22.84%and 24.28% respectively, compared with the control group(P<0.05). The activities of serum acidic phosphatase(ACP), alkaline phosphatase(ALP),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and lysozyme(LSZ) of groups added with 0.4%FOS+0.2%BS were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). The numbers of intestinal Bifidobacteria and lactobacillus were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05), while the numbers of E.coli and salmonella were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05). In summary, FOS, BS, and AM added to the diet of the tilapia can improve the performance and non-specific immune function to varying degrees, reduce serum T-CHO,and improve the intestinal microecological environment of the fish. FOS combined with BS is more effective and can be used as an alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture production.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fructo-oligosaccharides(FOS), Bacillus subtilis(BS)and aureomycin(AM) on the performance,serum biochemical indices, serum nonspecific immune indices and intestinal microflora of hybrid tilapia(Oreochromis aureus×O.niloticus). 450 fishes with a initial body weight of about 20 g were selected and randomly divided into five groups, with three repeats for each group, and 30 in each repeats.Group 1 was as the control group, feeding basal diet; group 2,3,4,5 were test groups, added 0.4% FOS, 0.2%BS,0.4%FOS+0.2%BS, 0.1% AM to diets for the tilapia respectively for 8 weeks feeding trial. The results showed that the weight gain rate(WGR) and specific growth rate(SGR) of the groups adding 0.4%FOS+0.2%BS and 0.1%AM were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05), WGR increased by 29.43%, 27.18%, and SGR increased by 17.18% and 15.95% respectively. The feed conversion ratio(FCR) decreased significantly(P<0.05). The serum total cholesterol(T-CHO) of groups included additives tended to decrease, among which, the addition of 0.4%FOS+0.2%BS and 0.1% AM decreased significantly by 22.84%and 24.28% respectively, compared with the control group(P<0.05). The activities of serum acidic phosphatase(ACP), alkaline phosphatase(ALP),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and lysozyme(LSZ) of groups added with 0.4%FOS+0.2%BS were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). The numbers of intestinal Bifidobacteria and lactobacillus were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05), while the numbers of E.coli and salmonella were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05). In summary, FOS, BS, and AM added to the diet of the tilapia can improve the performance and non-specific immune function to varying degrees, reduce serum T-CHO,and improve the intestinal microecological environment of the fish. FOS combined with BS is more effective and can be used as an alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture production.
引文
[1]邵丽玮,龚建刚,赵国先,等.枯草芽孢杆菌合生元在动物生产中的应用[J].饲料研究,2015(2):13-17.
[2]陈旭东.果寡糖和芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响及其机理[D].北京:中国农业大学,2003.
[3]王博.益生菌、果寡糖对后备母猪生长性能、免疫功能和肠道微生物的影响研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2015.
[4]王晓霞,易中华,计成,等.果寡糖和枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡肠道菌群数量、发酵粪中氨气和硫化氢散发量及营养素利用率的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2006,37(4):337-341.
[5]Swanson K S.Prebiotics and probiotics:impact on gut microbial populations,nutrient digestibility,fecal protein catabolite concentration,and immune function of human and dogs[D].Bloomington:University of Illinois,1997.
[6]Gdala J,Gasman A J M,Buraczewska,et al.The influence of a-galactosidase supplemention on the ideal digestility of lupine seed carbohydrates and dietary protein in young pigs[J].Animal Feed Science Technology,1997,67:115-125.
[7]边连全,杜欣,刘显军,等.枯草芽孢杆菌-菊糖合生元对断奶仔猪生长性能及体液免疫功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(2):280-284.
[8]Geng X,Dong X H,Tan B P,et al.Effects of dietary chitosan and Bacillus subtilis on the growth performance,non-specific immunity and disease resistance of cobia,Rachycentron canadum[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2011,31(3):400-406.
[9]吕逸欢.低聚果糖和芽孢杆菌对奥尼罗非鱼生长性能及非特异性免疫机能的影响[D].南宁:广西大学,2012.
[10]徐后国,艾庆辉,麦康森,等.饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌和壳寡糖对大黄鱼幼鱼血清免疫指标的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2011,41(7/8):42-47.
[11]陆娟娟.低聚果糖对奥尼罗非鱼生长、血清生化指标和肠道微生物的影响[D].南宁:广西大学,2011.
[12]赵峰,陆娟娟,夏中生,等.果寡糖对奥尼罗非鱼生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道菌群的影响[J].饲料工业,2018,39(20):28-33.
[13]王杰,杨红玲,赵芸,等.果寡糖对斜带石斑鱼生长性能和消化酶活性的影响[J].饲料与畜牧,2016,(12):54-57.
[14]季高华,刘至治,冷向军.饲料中添加β-葡聚糖和低聚果糖对中华鳖幼鳖生长和血清SOD、溶菌酶活力的影响[J].上海水产大学学报,2004(1):36-40.
[15]刘爱君,冷向军,李小勤,等.黄霉素和甘露寡糖对奥尼罗非鱼的生长性能及非特异性免疫的影响[J].中国饲料,2009,(3):29-32.
[16]陈旭东,胥传来,马秋刚,等.金霉素、果寡糖和芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生产性能和血清学指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2005(6):25-27.
[17]高峰,江芸,周光宏,等.寡果糖对断奶仔猪生长、代谢和免疫的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2001(6):8-9.
[18]陈代文,张克英,王万祥,等.酸化剂、益生素和寡糖对断奶仔猪粪中微生物菌群和免疫功能的影响及其互作效应研究[J].动物营养学报,2006(3):172-178.
[19]张雪,吴立新,姜志强,等.果寡糖和甘露寡糖对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].水产科学,2014,33(9):545-550.
[2]陈旭东.果寡糖和芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响及其机理[D].北京:中国农业大学,2003.
[3]王博.益生菌、果寡糖对后备母猪生长性能、免疫功能和肠道微生物的影响研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2015.
[4]王晓霞,易中华,计成,等.果寡糖和枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡肠道菌群数量、发酵粪中氨气和硫化氢散发量及营养素利用率的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2006,37(4):337-341.
[5]Swanson K S.Prebiotics and probiotics:impact on gut microbial populations,nutrient digestibility,fecal protein catabolite concentration,and immune function of human and dogs[D].Bloomington:University of Illinois,1997.
[6]Gdala J,Gasman A J M,Buraczewska,et al.The influence of a-galactosidase supplemention on the ideal digestility of lupine seed carbohydrates and dietary protein in young pigs[J].Animal Feed Science Technology,1997,67:115-125.
[7]边连全,杜欣,刘显军,等.枯草芽孢杆菌-菊糖合生元对断奶仔猪生长性能及体液免疫功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(2):280-284.
[8]Geng X,Dong X H,Tan B P,et al.Effects of dietary chitosan and Bacillus subtilis on the growth performance,non-specific immunity and disease resistance of cobia,Rachycentron canadum[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2011,31(3):400-406.
[9]吕逸欢.低聚果糖和芽孢杆菌对奥尼罗非鱼生长性能及非特异性免疫机能的影响[D].南宁:广西大学,2012.
[10]徐后国,艾庆辉,麦康森,等.饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌和壳寡糖对大黄鱼幼鱼血清免疫指标的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2011,41(7/8):42-47.
[11]陆娟娟.低聚果糖对奥尼罗非鱼生长、血清生化指标和肠道微生物的影响[D].南宁:广西大学,2011.
[12]赵峰,陆娟娟,夏中生,等.果寡糖对奥尼罗非鱼生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道菌群的影响[J].饲料工业,2018,39(20):28-33.
[13]王杰,杨红玲,赵芸,等.果寡糖对斜带石斑鱼生长性能和消化酶活性的影响[J].饲料与畜牧,2016,(12):54-57.
[14]季高华,刘至治,冷向军.饲料中添加β-葡聚糖和低聚果糖对中华鳖幼鳖生长和血清SOD、溶菌酶活力的影响[J].上海水产大学学报,2004(1):36-40.
[15]刘爱君,冷向军,李小勤,等.黄霉素和甘露寡糖对奥尼罗非鱼的生长性能及非特异性免疫的影响[J].中国饲料,2009,(3):29-32.
[16]陈旭东,胥传来,马秋刚,等.金霉素、果寡糖和芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生产性能和血清学指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2005(6):25-27.
[17]高峰,江芸,周光宏,等.寡果糖对断奶仔猪生长、代谢和免疫的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2001(6):8-9.
[18]陈代文,张克英,王万祥,等.酸化剂、益生素和寡糖对断奶仔猪粪中微生物菌群和免疫功能的影响及其互作效应研究[J].动物营养学报,2006(3):172-178.
[19]张雪,吴立新,姜志强,等.果寡糖和甘露寡糖对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].水产科学,2014,33(9):545-550.