拉枝下垂对双季葡萄秋冬茬成花的影响
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摘要
[目的]研究拉枝下垂对双季葡萄秋冬茬成花的影响。[方法]对夏黑、巨玫瑰、金手指、维多利亚4个葡萄品种春茬开花后进行拉枝下垂(拉枝角度约90°),秋冬茬于8月上中旬全部落叶后用50%单氰胺25倍液进行破眠催芽处理,研究拉枝下垂对春茬枝条老熟、果实转色成熟及秋冬茬成花的影响。[结果]拉枝下垂可促进春茬枝条提前老熟4~8 d,果实提早转色成熟5~7 d;促进花芽分化,提高花序质量,使花穗增长0.9~1.7 cm,成花率提高3.9%~10.1%、成花系数提高0.13~0.65,效果显著。[结论]拉枝下垂抑制了顶端枝条营养生长,使树体的生长势得以缓和,致使营养物质回流,促使营养生长向生殖生长转化,促进花芽分化,从而有利于早成花。
[Objective]To research the effect of pull branches hanging down on the blossom of the double season grape in autumn and winter.[Method]The four varieties of grapes with Summer black,Giant rose,Gold finger and Vitoria were pull down about 90 degrees after spring flowering,bud and hypnosis was broken with 50% 25 times cyanamide after all fallen leaves in mid August.[Result] Branches was older 4-8 days,fruit mature earlier 5-7 days with promoting flower bud differentiation and improving inflorescence quality,make the flower spike growth of 0. 9-1. 7 cm,flowering rate increased by 3. 9%-10. 1%,flowering coefficient increased by 0. 13-0. 65. [Conclusion]The vegetative growth of shoots was inhibited by pulling branches. The tree growth potential has been eased,resulting in the return of nutrients,promoting vegetative growth to reproductive growth,promoting flower bud differentiation,which is conducive to early flower.
[Objective]To research the effect of pull branches hanging down on the blossom of the double season grape in autumn and winter.[Method]The four varieties of grapes with Summer black,Giant rose,Gold finger and Vitoria were pull down about 90 degrees after spring flowering,bud and hypnosis was broken with 50% 25 times cyanamide after all fallen leaves in mid August.[Result] Branches was older 4-8 days,fruit mature earlier 5-7 days with promoting flower bud differentiation and improving inflorescence quality,make the flower spike growth of 0. 9-1. 7 cm,flowering rate increased by 3. 9%-10. 1%,flowering coefficient increased by 0. 13-0. 65. [Conclusion]The vegetative growth of shoots was inhibited by pulling branches. The tree growth potential has been eased,resulting in the return of nutrients,promoting vegetative growth to reproductive growth,promoting flower bud differentiation,which is conducive to early flower.
引文
[1]蒯传化,刘三军,于巧丽,等.促进花芽良好分化确保葡萄优质丰产[J].果农之友,2011(5):38-40.
[2]李晓龙,王超,李甲明,等.拉枝处理对‘翠冠’梨成花的影响及其调控机制[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(1):89-97.
[3]许利军.苹果“强拉枝”及拉枝后的管理[J].西北园艺,2004(4):13-14.
[4]刘志坚.论拉、刻、剥技术在苹果树上的应用[J].北方园艺,1994,30(1):18-19.
[5]李保国,杨兆静,董丽欣,等.拉枝刻芽对苹果幼树1年生枝条萌芽和内源激素含量的影响[J].河北林果研究,2010,25(4):373-376.
[6]李雄,吴鲜亮.苹果梨幼树拉枝效应的研究[J].内蒙古农牧学院学报,1989,10(2):152-157.
[7]李玉,张成,吴伟民,等.拉枝处理对‘夏黑’葡萄冬芽成花过程中花发育相关基因表达的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2015,38(2):212-218.
[8]王晨,孙欣,房经贵,等.5个葡萄microR NAs及其靶基因在冬芽二次成花过程中的表达[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(12):2429-2436.
[9]吴鲜亮,何志爱,杨勇.拉枝对苹果梨幼树生长发育的影响[J].内蒙古农业科技,2008(1):54-55.
[10]余拱鑫,韩明玉,张满让,等.不同拉枝角度对‘嘎啦’苹果顶芽及叶片碳氮含量的影响[J].北方园艺,2012(15):9-12.
[2]李晓龙,王超,李甲明,等.拉枝处理对‘翠冠’梨成花的影响及其调控机制[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(1):89-97.
[3]许利军.苹果“强拉枝”及拉枝后的管理[J].西北园艺,2004(4):13-14.
[4]刘志坚.论拉、刻、剥技术在苹果树上的应用[J].北方园艺,1994,30(1):18-19.
[5]李保国,杨兆静,董丽欣,等.拉枝刻芽对苹果幼树1年生枝条萌芽和内源激素含量的影响[J].河北林果研究,2010,25(4):373-376.
[6]李雄,吴鲜亮.苹果梨幼树拉枝效应的研究[J].内蒙古农牧学院学报,1989,10(2):152-157.
[7]李玉,张成,吴伟民,等.拉枝处理对‘夏黑’葡萄冬芽成花过程中花发育相关基因表达的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2015,38(2):212-218.
[8]王晨,孙欣,房经贵,等.5个葡萄microR NAs及其靶基因在冬芽二次成花过程中的表达[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(12):2429-2436.
[9]吴鲜亮,何志爱,杨勇.拉枝对苹果梨幼树生长发育的影响[J].内蒙古农业科技,2008(1):54-55.
[10]余拱鑫,韩明玉,张满让,等.不同拉枝角度对‘嘎啦’苹果顶芽及叶片碳氮含量的影响[J].北方园艺,2012(15):9-12.