复杂储层多尺度数字岩石评价
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摘要
复杂储层岩石矿物组成非均质性强,孔喉结构细小.储集空间有效性评价、岩石结构精细评价及流体赋存状态与运移规律评价是决定复杂储层油气勘探成效的关键.针对复杂储层的储集空间(孔喉、裂缝)、岩石结构(矿物、有机质)、流体特征3方面,建立了复杂储层多尺度数字岩石评价技术及工作流程.储集空间表征方面:二维大面积分析技术可建立跨越6~7个数量级的多尺度选取及非均质性评价;多尺度CT及FIB-SEM联用可精确刻画孔喉和裂缝的三维空间分布;电化学和显影剂技术可以有效地帮助分析微观孔隙连通性.固体组分分析方面:XRF及Qemscan联用可定量评价矿物组成与分布;三维FIB-SEM技术可以实现有机质形态和分布的定量分析.流体特性方面:荷电效应可用于微量残留有机流体的识别与表征;通过合成孔径、润湿性、表面微结构均可调控的纳米材料,开展地层条件下页岩油赋存及流动物理模拟研究,确定了单一因素对页岩油赋存及可动孔径下限的影响;利用分子模拟研究油气在无机、有机质纳米孔隙中的聚集机理与扩散潜力.复杂储层多尺度数字岩石评价技术体系和一系列具体应用可以有效地填补常规储层分析手段的不足,为页岩油气、致密砂岩油气储层以及深部油气储层等复杂储层有效性评价和含油气性定量评价提供技术支撑.
Mineral compositions of complex reservoir are characterized by heterogeneity and small pore structure.Oil and gas exploration on complex reservoirs are determined by evaluations of reserving space,rock structure,fluid saturation and migration.Two-and three-dimensional space distribution of pore throat can be depicted precisely by multiscale CT and FIB-SEM,XRF and Qemscan can assess mineral compositions and distribution,fluid saturation and migration can be observed by multiscale CT-ESEM,selecting sample target step by step,forming work flow on pore-mineral-fluid three-dimensional quantitative analysis,analysis scale across 6-7 orders of magnitude.Writing digital rock analysis software modules,dividing precisely micro pore throat three-dimensional distribution,assessing quantitatively on effective reservoir connectivity,establishing quantitative analysis methods of heterogeneity samples scales and pore-seam spatial configuration,can provide the basis for complexreservoir fluid percolation ability evaluation.To carry out the research on shale oil saturation and migration physical simulation which is based on nano porous materials,to compound adjustable nanomaterials in some respects such as pore size,wettability and surface microstructure,to imitate shale oil reservoir,we can find out the impact of each factor on shale oil saturation and pore size lower limit where fluid could migrate.Extracting key parameters based on hole network model of real core,carrying out the research on the best path of oil and gas migration using lattice boltzmann and finite element modelling,molecular simulation is used for the study on oil and gas aggregation mechanism and diffusion potential in inorganic and organic nano pores.Finally we could uncover the oil and gas flow mechanism in micro-nano reservoir space,and provide technical support for the effective assessment of shale oil and gas,tight sandstone and complex resesvoirs,and quantitative evaluation of oil-gas possibility.
Mineral compositions of complex reservoir are characterized by heterogeneity and small pore structure.Oil and gas exploration on complex reservoirs are determined by evaluations of reserving space,rock structure,fluid saturation and migration.Two-and three-dimensional space distribution of pore throat can be depicted precisely by multiscale CT and FIB-SEM,XRF and Qemscan can assess mineral compositions and distribution,fluid saturation and migration can be observed by multiscale CT-ESEM,selecting sample target step by step,forming work flow on pore-mineral-fluid three-dimensional quantitative analysis,analysis scale across 6-7 orders of magnitude.Writing digital rock analysis software modules,dividing precisely micro pore throat three-dimensional distribution,assessing quantitatively on effective reservoir connectivity,establishing quantitative analysis methods of heterogeneity samples scales and pore-seam spatial configuration,can provide the basis for complexreservoir fluid percolation ability evaluation.To carry out the research on shale oil saturation and migration physical simulation which is based on nano porous materials,to compound adjustable nanomaterials in some respects such as pore size,wettability and surface microstructure,to imitate shale oil reservoir,we can find out the impact of each factor on shale oil saturation and pore size lower limit where fluid could migrate.Extracting key parameters based on hole network model of real core,carrying out the research on the best path of oil and gas migration using lattice boltzmann and finite element modelling,molecular simulation is used for the study on oil and gas aggregation mechanism and diffusion potential in inorganic and organic nano pores.Finally we could uncover the oil and gas flow mechanism in micro-nano reservoir space,and provide technical support for the effective assessment of shale oil and gas,tight sandstone and complex resesvoirs,and quantitative evaluation of oil-gas possibility.
引文
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Xiong,S.C.,Chu,S.S.,Pi,S.H.,et al.,2017.Micro Pore Characteristics and Recoverability of Tight Oil Reservoirs.Earth Science,42(8):1379-1385(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,P.,Li,C.H.,Liu,H.C.,et al.,2017.Fractal Features of the Effective Gas Transport Coefficient for Multiscale Porous Media.Earth Science,42(8):1373-1378(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,B.H.,Wu,A.X.,Liu,J.Z.,2013.Analysis of Pore Connectivity of Granular Ore Media after Heap Leaching Based on Digital Image Processing.Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,33(1):18-21(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,Y.F.,Wang,C.C.,Yao,J.,et al.,2016.A New Method for Microscopic Pore Structure Analysis in Shale Matrix.Earth Science,41(6):1067-1073(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,Z.M.,Zhang,Y.P.,Li,H.B.,et al.,2017.Application Basis of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology in the Unconventional Reservoirs.Earth Science,42(8):1333-1339(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Huang,C.Q.,Zhang,J.G.,Ma,R.,2013.Analysis on Pore Structure Characteristics and Connectivity of Mud Rocks.Ground Water,35(6):223-225(in Chinese).
Jin,X.,Meng,D.,Liu,X.,et al.,2016a.Understanding the Interfacial Wettability of Reservoir Rock at Nanoscale.Journalof Nanoscienceand Nanotechnology,16(9):9779-9783.https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.13118
Jin,X.,Wang,X.Q.,Sun,L.,et al.,2016b.Study of Petrophysical Properties Using Nano-Scale Resolution Electron Microscopy and 3Dto 2D Upscaling.Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,16(9):9690-9698.https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.13116
Liu,J.J.,Dai,L.Q.,Li,S.T.,2005.Numerical Simulation of Microcosmic Flow in Porous Media.Journal of Liaoning Technical University,24(5):680-682(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,X.F.,Zhang,W.W.,Sun,J.M.,2013.Methods of Constructing 3-D Digital Cores:A Review.Progress in Geophysics,28(6):3066-3072(in Chinese with English abstract).
Pan,B.,Wang,B.,2017.Research Progress in Digital Volume Correlation Method.Chinese Science Bulletin,62(16):1671-1681(in Chinese with English abstract).
Peng,R.D.,Yang,Y.C.,Ju,Y.,et al.,2011.Computation of Fractal Dimension of Rock Pores Based on Gray CTImages.Chinese Science Bulletin,56(26):2256-2266(in Chinese).
Qiu,Y.N.,Xue,S.H.,1994.Evaluation Technology of Oil and Gas Reservoir.Petroleum Industry Press,Beijing,71-153(in Chinese).
Song,W.H.,Yao,J.,Christoph,A.,et al.,2017.Pore Scale Rock Typing and Upscaling.Chinese Science Bulletin,62(16):1774-1787(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,J.M,,Jiang,L.M.,Liu,X.F.,et al.,2012.Log Application and Prospect of Digital Core Technology.Well Logging Technology,36(1):1-7(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,L.,Wang,X.Q.,Jin,X.,et al.,2016.Three Dimensional Characterization and Quantitative Connectivity Analysis of Micro/Nano Pore Space.Petroleum Exploration and Development,43(3):490-498(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,L.,Zou,C.N.,Liu,X.L.,et al.,2014.A Static Resistance Model and the Discontinuous Pattern of Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Tight Oil Reservoirs.Petroleum Science,11(4):469-480.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12182-014-0363-0
Tao,J.,Yao,J.,Zhao,X.C.,2006.Data Visualization of Digital Core at Pore Level by Using IRIS Explorer.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,28(5):51-53(in Chinese with English abstract).
Vogel,H.,1997.Morphological Determination of Pore Connectivity as a Function of Pore Size Using Serial Sections.European Journal of Soil Science,48(3):365-377.
Wang,X.Q.,Sun,L.,Zhu,R.K.,et al.,2015a.Application of Charging Effects in Evaluating Storage Space of Tight Reservoirs:A Case Study from Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimusar Sag,Junggar Basin,NW China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,42(4):472-480(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,X.Q.,Zhai,Z.Q.,Jin,X.,et al.,2015b.Progress in Adsorption and Diffusion of Shale Gas.CIESCJournal,66(8):2838-2845(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,X.Q.,Zhai,Z.Q.,Jin,X.,et al.,2016.Molecular Simulation of CO2/CH4Competitive Adsorption in Organic Matter Pores in Shale under Geological Conditions.Petroleum Exploration and Development,43(5):772-779(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu,S.H.,Xiong,Q.H.,1998.Hydrocarbon Reservoir Geology.Petroleum Industry Press,Beijing,113-122(in Chinese).
Wu,S.T.,Zou,C.N.,Zhu,R.K.,et al.,2015.Reservoir Quality Characterization of Upper Triassic Chang 7Shale in Ordos Basin.Earth Science,40(11):1810-1823(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xi,K.L.,Cao,Y.C.,Zhu,R.K.,et al.,2015.Rock Types and Characteristics of Tight Oil Reservoir in Permian Lucaogou Formation,Jimsar Sag.Acta Petrolei Sinica,36(12):1495-1507(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xie,R.H.,Xiao,L.Z.,Wang,Z.D.,et al.,2008.Factors Influencing Porosity of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logging in Complex Fluid Reservoirs.Science China Earth Sciences,38(Suppl.):191-196(in Chinese).
Xiong,S.C.,Chu,S.S.,Pi,S.H.,et al.,2017.Micro Pore Characteristics and Recoverability of Tight Oil Reservoirs.Earth Science,42(8):1379-1385(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu,P.,Li,C.H.,Liu,H.C.,et al.,2017.Fractal Features of the Effective Gas Transport Coefficient for Multiscale Porous Media.Earth Science,42(8):1373-1378(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,B.H.,Wu,A.X.,Liu,J.Z.,2013.Analysis of Pore Connectivity of Granular Ore Media after Heap Leaching Based on Digital Image Processing.Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,33(1):18-21(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,Y.F.,Wang,C.C.,Yao,J.,et al.,2016.A New Method for Microscopic Pore Structure Analysis in Shale Matrix.Earth Science,41(6):1067-1073(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,Z.M.,Zhang,Y.P.,Li,H.B.,et al.,2017.Application Basis of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology in the Unconventional Reservoirs.Earth Science,42(8):1333-1339(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yao,J.,Zhao,X.C.,2010.Digital Core and Pore Seepage Simulation Theory.Petroleum Industry Press,Beijing,1-80(in Chinese).
Zhai,Z.,Wang,X.,Jin,X.,et al.,2014.Adsorption and Diffusion of Shale Gas Reservoirs in Modeled Clay Minerals at Different Geological Depths.Energy&Fuels,28(12):7467-7473.https://doi.org/10.1021/ef5023434
Zhu,R.K.,Bai,B.,Cui,J.W.,et al.,2013.Research Advances of Microstructure in Unconventional Tight Oil and Gas Reservoirs.Journal of Palaeogeography,15(5):615-623(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu,R.K.,Wu,S.T.,Su,L.,et al.,2016.Problems and Future Works of Porous Texture Characterization of Tight Reservoirs in China.Acta Petrolei Sinica,37(11):1323-1336(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zou,C.N.,2014.Unconventional Petroleum Geology.Geological Publishing House,Beijing,5(in Chinese).
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