GCr18Mo轴承钢采用铝及稀土金属脱氧的研究
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摘要
以GCr18Mo轴承钢为研究对象,采用铝脱氧和稀土金属脱氧两种方式降低钢中的氧含量,并观察脱氧后钢中夹杂物的形貌和分布。首先通过热力学计算,分别采用一阶和二阶活度相互作用系数得到1 873 K熔炼温度下的铝-氧平衡曲线。然后通过铝脱氧试验验证理论曲线的合理性。发现采用一阶相互作用系数的结果更贴近试验数据。并采用稀土金属镧、铈、钇作为脱氧剂与铝对比,发现脱氧能力顺序是镧>铈>钇>铝。最后对比夹杂物的大小和分布,发现铝脱氧的含铝夹杂物形态多样,大小各异;稀土金属脱氧后的含稀土夹杂物多为白色圆点状,尺寸一般为2～5μm。
Taking GCr18 Mo bearing steel as a research object,the oxygen content in the steel was reduced by using aluminum deoxidization and rare earth metal deoxidization,and the morphology and distribution of inclusions in the steel after deoxidization were observed. Through thermodynamic calculation,the first-order and second-order activity interaction coefficients were used to obtain the aluminum-oxygen equilibria relation curve under the melting temperature of 1 873 K.Then the rationality of the curve was verified by the aluminum deoxidization experiment. The results of the first-order interaction coefficient were found to be more closer to the experimental data. Then,the lanthanum,cerium and yttrium were used as deoxidizers and compared with aluminum,and the order of deoxidization ability was lanthanum > cerium > yttrium > aluminum. At last, the size and distribution of inclusions was compared,and it was discovered that the aluminum inclusions in aluminum-deoxidized steel had various shapes and size,and that the rare earth inclusions in steel deoxidized by rare-earth metals were mostly white dots,with size generally being 2 μm to 5 μm.
Taking GCr18 Mo bearing steel as a research object,the oxygen content in the steel was reduced by using aluminum deoxidization and rare earth metal deoxidization,and the morphology and distribution of inclusions in the steel after deoxidization were observed. Through thermodynamic calculation,the first-order and second-order activity interaction coefficients were used to obtain the aluminum-oxygen equilibria relation curve under the melting temperature of 1 873 K.Then the rationality of the curve was verified by the aluminum deoxidization experiment. The results of the first-order interaction coefficient were found to be more closer to the experimental data. Then,the lanthanum,cerium and yttrium were used as deoxidizers and compared with aluminum,and the order of deoxidization ability was lanthanum > cerium > yttrium > aluminum. At last, the size and distribution of inclusions was compared,and it was discovered that the aluminum inclusions in aluminum-deoxidized steel had various shapes and size,and that the rare earth inclusions in steel deoxidized by rare-earth metals were mostly white dots,with size generally being 2 μm to 5 μm.
引文
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[2]虞明全.轴承钢钢种系列的发展状况[J].上海金属,2008,30(3):49-54.
[3]付国强. GCr15轴承钢精炼渣与钢液组分间平衡热力学研究[J].上海金属,2017,39(4):80-84.
[4]陈光.静磁场下电渣重熔轴承钢的研究[J].上海金属,2012,34(3):44-49.
[5]钟顺思,王吕生.轴承钢[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2005.
[6]杨忠敏.谈轴承钢及其冶金质量检验[J].金属世界,2011(1):40-45.
[7]ITOH H,HINO M,BAN Y A. Thermodynamics on the formation of spinel nonmetallic inclusion in liquid steel[J]. Metallurgical&Materials Transactions B,1997,28(5):953-956.
[8] FEELEY M M. Japanese society for the promotion of science[M]. New York:Gordon and Breach Science Publishers,1988.
[9]SEO J D,KIM S H,LEE K R. Thermodynamic assessment of the Al deoxidation reaction in liquid iron[J]. Steel Research International,1998,69(2):49-53.
[10] KANG Y,THUNMAN M,SICHEN D,et al. Aluminum deoxidation equilibrium of molten iron-aluminum alloy with wide aluminum composition range at 1 873 K[J]. Transactions of the Iron&Steel Institute of Japan,2009,49(10):1483-1489.
[11]JUNG I H,DECTEROV S A,PELTON A D. A thermodynamic model for deoxidation equilibria in steel[J]. Metallurgical&Materials Transactions B,2004,35(3):493-507.
[12] OHTA H, SUITO H. Thermodynamics of aluminum and manganese deoxidation equilibria in Fe-Ni and Fe-Cr alloys[J]. Transactions of the Iron&Steel Institute of Japan,2007,43(9):1301-1308.
[13]黄希祜.钢铁冶金原理[M]. 3版.北京:冶金工业出版社,1981.
[14]KISHI M,INOUE R,SUITO H. Thermodynamics of oxygen and nitrogen in liquid Fe-20mass%Cr alloy equilibrated with titania-based slags[J]. ISIJ International,1994,34(11):859-867.