含铌渣熔融氧化物电解制备铌合金研究
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摘要
从热力学上分析含铌渣电化学选择性提取铌资源的可行性,计算电化学还原过程中相关反应的Gibbs自由能变化及各氧化物的理论分解电压,讨论可能存在的化学反应及其优先程度,分析熔渣组元活度和含量变化对电解过程的影响。结果表明,含铌渣电化学选择性提取铌资源是可行的;通过确立适宜的物理化学条件和电化学参数,可实现含铌渣中铌资源的选择性提取分离。熔融氧化物电解提取金属为开发绿色环保、高效低耗的铌资源提取技术提供新思路。
The feasibility of electrochemically selective extraction of niobium resources from Nb-bearing slag was theoretically analyzed.The Gibbs free energy change for related reactions and the theoretical decomposition voltage of each oxide during the electrochemical reduction process were calculated.Possible chemical reactions and their prioritization were discussed,and the influence of the activity and content of slag component on the electrolysis process was analyzed.The resulted indicated that the selective electrochemical extraction of niobium resources from Nb-bearing slag is feasible.Through the establishment of appropriate physical-chemical conditions and electrochemical parameters,the selective extraction and separation of niobium resources from Nb-bearing slag could be achieved.Electrolytic extraction of metal from molten oxide could provide new ideas for the development of green,high efficiency and low consumption of the niobium resource extraction.
The feasibility of electrochemically selective extraction of niobium resources from Nb-bearing slag was theoretically analyzed.The Gibbs free energy change for related reactions and the theoretical decomposition voltage of each oxide during the electrochemical reduction process were calculated.Possible chemical reactions and their prioritization were discussed,and the influence of the activity and content of slag component on the electrolysis process was analyzed.The resulted indicated that the selective electrochemical extraction of niobium resources from Nb-bearing slag is feasible.Through the establishment of appropriate physical-chemical conditions and electrochemical parameters,the selective extraction and separation of niobium resources from Nb-bearing slag could be achieved.Electrolytic extraction of metal from molten oxide could provide new ideas for the development of green,high efficiency and low consumption of the niobium resource extraction.
引文
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[2]程敏清.白云鄂博铌矿床铌矿物特性及铌利用可行性[J].有色金属,2005,57(2):18-20.
[3]许延辉.包头白云鄂博资源中铌、钪提取技术取得突破[J].稀土信息,2012(3):29-30.
[4]EL-HUSSAINI O M,MAHDY M A E.Extraction of niobium and tantalum from nitrate and sulfate media by using MIBK[J].Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review,2001,22(2):633-650.
[5]ZHOU H M,ZHENG S L,ZHANG Y.Kinetic investigations on the leaching of niobium from a low-grade niobium-tantalum ore by concentrated KOH solution[J].Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,2004,12(2):202-207.
[6]周宏明,郑诗礼,张懿.铌钽湿法冶金技术概况及发展趋势探讨[J].现代化工,2005,25(4):16-19.
[7]ZHU Z W,CHENG C Y.Solvent extraction technology for the separation and purification of niobium and tantalum:a review[J].Hydrometallurgy,2011,107(1/2):1-12.
[8]YAN X Y,FRAY D J.Production of niobium powder by direct electrochemical reduction of solid Nb2O5in a eutectic Ca Cl2-Na Cl melt[J].Metallurgical&Materials Transactions B,2002,33(5):685-693.
[9]何理,鲁雄刚,陈朝轶.固体透氧膜法制备金属铌[J].中国有色金属学报,2008,18(7):1336-1340.
[10]肖巍,朱华,尹华意,等.熔盐电化学低碳冶金新技术研究[J].电化学,2012,18(3):193-200.
[11]SADOWAY D R.New opportunities for metals extraction and waste treatment by electrochemical processing in molten salts[J].Journal of Materials Research,1995,10(3):487-492.
[12]WANG D,GMITTER A J,SADOWAY D R.Production of oxygen gas and liquid metal by electrochemical decomposition of molten iron oxide[J].Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2011,158(6):E51-E54.
[13]SIRK H C,SADOWAY D R,SIBILLE L.Direct electrolysis of molten Lunar regolith for the production of oxygen and metals on the moon[J].Ecs Transactions,2010,28(6):367-373.
[14]张捷宇,许继芳,盛敏奇,等.一种铌精矿熔融氧化物电解制备铌铁合金的方法:CN201310095516.4[P].2013-06-19.
[15]邱竹贤.铝冶金原理与应用[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1998.
[16]叶大伦,胡建华.实用无机物热力学数据手册[M].2版.北京:冶金工业出版社,2002.
[17]张鉴,成国光,王立军,等.冶金熔体和溶液的计算热力学[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2007.
[18]PAHLEVANI F,SHIBATA H.Behavior of vanadium and niobium during hot metal dephosphorization by Ca O-Si O2-FetO slag[J].ISIJ International,2011,51(10):1624-1630.