东北大豆种质群体在大庆的表现及其育种意义
|
摘要
表型评价是鉴别高产、优质和抗逆性优良大豆资源的必要步骤。为更好利用东北大豆种质资源,2012-2014年在大庆农科院将搜集到的东北地区各育种单位现存的361份大豆地方品种和育成品种(系)进行田间试验,采用重复内分组试验设计,对4类13个农艺、品质性状进行统计分析。结果表明:(1)东北大豆种质群体在大庆表现为:全生育期121 d(94~134 d)、蛋白质含量40.68%(36.66%~45.33%)、脂肪含量20.68%(15.77%~22.90%)、蛋脂总量61.36%(57.08%~65.45%)、百粒重17.48 g(9.69~28.42 g)、株高66 cm(33.1~96.2 cm)、主茎17节(9.76~24.00)、分枝1.25个(0.0~7.4)、倒伏1.4级(1.0~4.0)。(2)大庆地区适合熟期组(MG)为MG0和MGⅠ,更趋向于MGⅠ,两熟期组内品种的各性状平均值与东北大豆种质群体的总平均值相近。MG000~MG00组生育期较短,未能充分利用当地生态气候资源,品质性状与MG0~MGⅠ相差不大;而株高、产量性状表现较MG0~MGⅠ偏低(如株高低约20 cm,地上部生物量低约1.2 t/hm2)。MGⅡ~MGⅢ品种则大多未能充分成熟,导致其他性状表达不正常。大庆地区未来大豆改良的主要方向是适合的熟期组(MG0~MGⅠ)、高产、高蛋白兼顾高脂肪含量,应重视耐逆性。从资源群体中优选出一批用以改良大庆大豆性状的不同熟期组亲本,为育种工作者提供参考。
Phenotypic evaluation is an essential step in identifying excellent soybean germplasm accessions with high yield,quality seed and resistance to stresses. For better use of soybean germplasm resources in Northeast China,361 soybean landraces and released cultivars( breeding lines) kindly provided by breeding institutions in Northeast China were tested in an experiment using a blocks in replication design at Daqing Agricultural Academy in 2012-2014. The population was evaluated on thirteen agronomic and seed quality traits. The results are summarized,including:( 1) The soybean accessions in Northeast China showed a great variation in Daqing area,with an average of121 d growth period( ranging in 94 d-134 d),40. 68% protein content( 36. 66%-45. 33%),20. 68% oil content( 15. 77%-22. 90%),61. 36% Total protein& oil content( 57. 08-65. 45%),17. 48 g 100-seed weight( 9. 69-28. 42 g),66 cm plant height( 33. 1-96. 2 cm),17 nodes on main stem( 9. 76-24. 00),1. 25 branches( 0. 0-7. 4),1. 4 lodging score( 1. 0-4. 0).( 2) In Daqing,the best fitted maturity groups are MG 0 and MGⅠ,especially MGⅠ,with the average values of various characters close to the population mean values in Daqing. MG000-MG00 showed early-maturation and could not make full use of local ecological climate resources,consequently the other traits,such as plant height and yield-related traits were lower than those of MG 0-MGⅠ groups( 20 cm shorter in plant height and 1. 2 t/hm2 lower in biomass),even though their seed quality traits were similar to those of MG0-MGⅠ. The majority of accessions in MGⅡ and MG Ⅲ were not fully matured,which led to abnormal performances of many traits. This resulted suggested the objective in soybean breeding for suitable MG( MG 0-MG Ⅰ),increased yield and protein content,higher oil content and enhanced stress-tolerance in Daqing area. Furthermore,the materials excellent in the target traits with the variation on maturity were identified and valuable for future breeding in Daqing area.
Phenotypic evaluation is an essential step in identifying excellent soybean germplasm accessions with high yield,quality seed and resistance to stresses. For better use of soybean germplasm resources in Northeast China,361 soybean landraces and released cultivars( breeding lines) kindly provided by breeding institutions in Northeast China were tested in an experiment using a blocks in replication design at Daqing Agricultural Academy in 2012-2014. The population was evaluated on thirteen agronomic and seed quality traits. The results are summarized,including:( 1) The soybean accessions in Northeast China showed a great variation in Daqing area,with an average of121 d growth period( ranging in 94 d-134 d),40. 68% protein content( 36. 66%-45. 33%),20. 68% oil content( 15. 77%-22. 90%),61. 36% Total protein& oil content( 57. 08-65. 45%),17. 48 g 100-seed weight( 9. 69-28. 42 g),66 cm plant height( 33. 1-96. 2 cm),17 nodes on main stem( 9. 76-24. 00),1. 25 branches( 0. 0-7. 4),1. 4 lodging score( 1. 0-4. 0).( 2) In Daqing,the best fitted maturity groups are MG 0 and MGⅠ,especially MGⅠ,with the average values of various characters close to the population mean values in Daqing. MG000-MG00 showed early-maturation and could not make full use of local ecological climate resources,consequently the other traits,such as plant height and yield-related traits were lower than those of MG 0-MGⅠ groups( 20 cm shorter in plant height and 1. 2 t/hm2 lower in biomass),even though their seed quality traits were similar to those of MG0-MGⅠ. The majority of accessions in MGⅡ and MG Ⅲ were not fully matured,which led to abnormal performances of many traits. This resulted suggested the objective in soybean breeding for suitable MG( MG 0-MG Ⅰ),increased yield and protein content,higher oil content and enhanced stress-tolerance in Daqing area. Furthermore,the materials excellent in the target traits with the variation on maturity were identified and valuable for future breeding in Daqing area.
引文
[1]盖钧镒,汪越胜,张孟臣,王继安,常汝镇.中国大豆品种熟期组划分的研究.作物学报,2001,27(3):286-292
[2]傅蒙蒙,王燕平,任海祥,王德亮,包荣军,杨兴勇,田忠艳,曹景举,傅连舜,程延喜,苏江顺,孙宾成,杜维广,赵团结,盖钧镒.东北春大豆熟期组的划分与地理分布.大豆科学,2016,35(2):181-192
[3]潘铁夫,张德荣,张文广.东北地区大豆气候区划的研究.大豆科学,1983(1):1-13
[4]傅蒙蒙,王燕平,任海祥,王德亮,包荣军,杨兴勇,田中艳,傅连舜,程延喜,苏江顺.东北大豆种质资源生育期性状的生态特征分析.大豆科学,2016,35(4):541-549
[5]李秀军,李取生,王志春,刘兴土.松嫩平原西部盐碱地特点及合理利用研究.农业现代化研究,2002,23(5):361-364
[6]袁翠平,沈波,董英山.中国大豆抗(耐)胞囊线虫病品种及其系谱分析.大豆科学,2009,28(6):1049-1053
[7]张勇,傅蒙蒙,杨兴勇,董全中,薛红,张明明,李微微,王燕平,任海祥,赵团结.东北大豆种质群体在克山的表现及其潜在的育种意义.大豆科学,2016,35(6):881-890
[8]程延喜,孙晓环,郑朝春,李海波,兰磊,赵宽,王燕平,任海祥,傅蒙蒙,杜维广.东北大豆种质群体在长春的表现及其潜在的育种意义.大豆科学,2017,36(2):165-173
[9]任海祥,白艳凤,王燕平,宗春美,孙晓环,齐玉鑫,李文,傅蒙蒙,赵团结,杜维广.东北大豆种质群体在牡丹江的表现及其潜在的育种意义.大豆科学,2017,36(3):335-344
[10]Fehr W R.Stages Of Soyabaen Development.Kenya Soil Survey,1977:1-11
[11]邱丽娟,常汝镇,刘章雄.大豆种质资源描述规范和数据标准.北京:中国农业出版社,2006:1-69
[12]孔繁玲.植物数量遗传学.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2006:186-187
[13]刘义华,冷蓉,张召荣,高明泉,肖丽.茎瘤芥主要数量性状遗传力和遗传进度的初步研究.植物遗传资源学报,2006,7(4):442-444,454
[14]Mba C,Guimaraes E P,Ghosh K.Re-orienting crop improvement for the changing climatic conditions of the 21st century.Agriculture&Food Security,2007,1:7
[15]韩英.大庆地区气候变化与气象服务.大庆社会科学,2005(3):52
[16]金建楚,李小湘,黎用朝,潘孝武,刘文强.农户保存与种质库保存的同近名地方稻品种的遗传多样性研究.植物遗传资源学报,2018,19(3):478-487
[17]王丽侠,程须珍,王素华,朱旭,刘振兴.中国绿豆核心种质资源在不同环境下的表型变异及生态适应性评价.作物学报,2014,40(4):739-744
[18]刘浩,周闲容,于晓娜,杨修仕,刘三才,么杨,任贵兴.作物种质资源品质性状鉴定评价现状与展望.植物遗传资源学报,2014,15(1):215-221
[19]胡国华,陈庆山,张锡铭.黑龙江省大豆品质区划的探讨.大豆科学,2006,25(2):118-122
[2]傅蒙蒙,王燕平,任海祥,王德亮,包荣军,杨兴勇,田忠艳,曹景举,傅连舜,程延喜,苏江顺,孙宾成,杜维广,赵团结,盖钧镒.东北春大豆熟期组的划分与地理分布.大豆科学,2016,35(2):181-192
[3]潘铁夫,张德荣,张文广.东北地区大豆气候区划的研究.大豆科学,1983(1):1-13
[4]傅蒙蒙,王燕平,任海祥,王德亮,包荣军,杨兴勇,田中艳,傅连舜,程延喜,苏江顺.东北大豆种质资源生育期性状的生态特征分析.大豆科学,2016,35(4):541-549
[5]李秀军,李取生,王志春,刘兴土.松嫩平原西部盐碱地特点及合理利用研究.农业现代化研究,2002,23(5):361-364
[6]袁翠平,沈波,董英山.中国大豆抗(耐)胞囊线虫病品种及其系谱分析.大豆科学,2009,28(6):1049-1053
[7]张勇,傅蒙蒙,杨兴勇,董全中,薛红,张明明,李微微,王燕平,任海祥,赵团结.东北大豆种质群体在克山的表现及其潜在的育种意义.大豆科学,2016,35(6):881-890
[8]程延喜,孙晓环,郑朝春,李海波,兰磊,赵宽,王燕平,任海祥,傅蒙蒙,杜维广.东北大豆种质群体在长春的表现及其潜在的育种意义.大豆科学,2017,36(2):165-173
[9]任海祥,白艳凤,王燕平,宗春美,孙晓环,齐玉鑫,李文,傅蒙蒙,赵团结,杜维广.东北大豆种质群体在牡丹江的表现及其潜在的育种意义.大豆科学,2017,36(3):335-344
[10]Fehr W R.Stages Of Soyabaen Development.Kenya Soil Survey,1977:1-11
[11]邱丽娟,常汝镇,刘章雄.大豆种质资源描述规范和数据标准.北京:中国农业出版社,2006:1-69
[12]孔繁玲.植物数量遗传学.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2006:186-187
[13]刘义华,冷蓉,张召荣,高明泉,肖丽.茎瘤芥主要数量性状遗传力和遗传进度的初步研究.植物遗传资源学报,2006,7(4):442-444,454
[14]Mba C,Guimaraes E P,Ghosh K.Re-orienting crop improvement for the changing climatic conditions of the 21st century.Agriculture&Food Security,2007,1:7
[15]韩英.大庆地区气候变化与气象服务.大庆社会科学,2005(3):52
[16]金建楚,李小湘,黎用朝,潘孝武,刘文强.农户保存与种质库保存的同近名地方稻品种的遗传多样性研究.植物遗传资源学报,2018,19(3):478-487
[17]王丽侠,程须珍,王素华,朱旭,刘振兴.中国绿豆核心种质资源在不同环境下的表型变异及生态适应性评价.作物学报,2014,40(4):739-744
[18]刘浩,周闲容,于晓娜,杨修仕,刘三才,么杨,任贵兴.作物种质资源品质性状鉴定评价现状与展望.植物遗传资源学报,2014,15(1):215-221
[19]胡国华,陈庆山,张锡铭.黑龙江省大豆品质区划的探讨.大豆科学,2006,25(2):118-122