东北大豆种质群体在吉林省白城市的表现及其潜在的育种意义
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摘要
本研究于2012-2014年间,以搜集到的东北地区各育种单位现存的大豆育成品种和地方品种共计361份为试验材料,通过在白城市田间表型,研究其在该地区的潜在育种价值。研究结果表明:(1)东北大豆种质群体在白城平均全生育期105 d (80. 4～130 d)、株高73. 3 cm (30. 1～131 cm)、主茎节12. 9个(7. 13～18. 9个)、分枝数2. 53个(0. 08～8. 83个)、蛋白质含量41. 0%(36. 8%～46. 1%)、油脂含量21. 4%(18. 0%～23. 7%)、蛋脂总量62. 3%(58. 1%～65. 8%)和百粒重18. 4 g (8. 33～25. 7 g)。(2) MG000和MG00的生育天数比当地无霜期早约50～60 d,集中在83～92 d,不能充分利用当地的自然条件;当地适合熟期组为MGI、MGⅡ,各性状的平均值与群体平均相近。MG000和MG00品质性状优于MGI、MGⅡ,蛋脂总量分别高约2%;株高低20～50 cm,节数低3～9节。MGⅢ熟期中的少部分品种,不能正常成熟,不适合当地种植;品质性状表现差于当地品种,蛋脂总量均低约1%,油脂低约1%;而株高高出约16 cm,节数多2节。(3)油脂含量、蛋白质含量及产量的遗传进度小。根据育种潜势分析,提出了在农艺和品质性状上可用于改良的亲本。
To evaluate the performance and genetic potential of the soybean germplasm population,we collected 361 landraces and released cultivars in northeast China and conducted a field experiment to test their local phenotypes in Baicheng City of Jilin Province in 2012-2014. The results showed as follows.( 1) Averagely,the population was with 105 d( 80. 4-130 d) of full growth period,73. 3 cm( 30. 1-131 cm) of plant height,12. 9( 7. 13-18. 9) of nodes on main stem,2. 53( 0. 08-8. 83) of branch number,41. 0%( 36. 8%-46. 1%) of the protein content,21. 4%( 18. 0%-23. 7%) of oil content,62. 3%( 58. 1%-65. 8%) of total protein and oil content,and 18. 4 g( 8. 33-25. 7 g) of 100-seed weight.( 2) The MG 000 and MG00 matured in 83-92 d,50-60 d earlier than the first local frost-day,which could not fully use local climatic conditions; while the agronomic traits of MGI and MGⅡ groups were similar to those of the population,which could fully use the local frost-free period. The seed quality traits of MG000 and MG00 were better than those of MGI and MG,with 2% higher oil content or protein-oil content,while their plant heights and nodes on main stem were about 20-50 cm and 3-9 nodes less than those of MGI and MG,respectively. Some of the MGIII could not mature on time and were not suitable for local planting. The seed quality traits of MGⅢ were not as good as those of local varieties,with 1% less oil content or protein-oil content,respectively; while the plant height and nodes on main stem of MGⅢwere about 16 cm and 2 nodes more than those of local varieties,respectively.( 3) The genetic progress of oil content,protein content and yield were lower than other agronomic and seed quality traits. Based on the tested data,we proposed some superior accessions as parental materials to improve individual traits for local cultivars.
To evaluate the performance and genetic potential of the soybean germplasm population,we collected 361 landraces and released cultivars in northeast China and conducted a field experiment to test their local phenotypes in Baicheng City of Jilin Province in 2012-2014. The results showed as follows.( 1) Averagely,the population was with 105 d( 80. 4-130 d) of full growth period,73. 3 cm( 30. 1-131 cm) of plant height,12. 9( 7. 13-18. 9) of nodes on main stem,2. 53( 0. 08-8. 83) of branch number,41. 0%( 36. 8%-46. 1%) of the protein content,21. 4%( 18. 0%-23. 7%) of oil content,62. 3%( 58. 1%-65. 8%) of total protein and oil content,and 18. 4 g( 8. 33-25. 7 g) of 100-seed weight.( 2) The MG 000 and MG00 matured in 83-92 d,50-60 d earlier than the first local frost-day,which could not fully use local climatic conditions; while the agronomic traits of MGI and MGⅡ groups were similar to those of the population,which could fully use the local frost-free period. The seed quality traits of MG000 and MG00 were better than those of MGI and MG,with 2% higher oil content or protein-oil content,while their plant heights and nodes on main stem were about 20-50 cm and 3-9 nodes less than those of MGI and MG,respectively. Some of the MGIII could not mature on time and were not suitable for local planting. The seed quality traits of MGⅢ were not as good as those of local varieties,with 1% less oil content or protein-oil content,respectively; while the plant height and nodes on main stem of MGⅢwere about 16 cm and 2 nodes more than those of local varieties,respectively.( 3) The genetic progress of oil content,protein content and yield were lower than other agronomic and seed quality traits. Based on the tested data,we proposed some superior accessions as parental materials to improve individual traits for local cultivars.
引文
[1]邱丽娟,李英慧,关荣霞,等.大豆核心种质和微核心种质的构建、验证与研究进展[J].作物学报,2009,35(4):571-579.QIU L J,LI Y H,GUAN R X,et al. Establishment,representative testing and research progress of soybean core collection and mini core col-lection[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica,2009,35(4):571-579.
[2]傅蒙蒙,王燕平,任海祥,等.东北春大豆熟期组的划分与地理分布[J].大豆科学,2016,35(2):181-192.FU M M,WANG Y P,REN H X,et al. A study on criterion,identification and distribution of maturity groups for spring-sowing soybeans innortheast China[J]. Soybean Science,2016,35(2):181-192.
[3]傅蒙蒙,王燕平,任海祥,等.东北大豆种质资源生育期性状的生态特征分析[J].大豆科学,2016,35(4):541-549.FU M M,WANG Y P,REN H X,et al. Ecological characteristics analysis of northeast soybean germplasm growth period traits[J]. SoybeanScience,2016,35(4):541-549.
[4]FEHR W R,CAVINESS C E. Stages of soybean development. Special report 80,cooperative extension service,agriculture and home economicexperiment station[R]. Iowa:Iowa State University,1977.
[5]邱丽娟,常汝镇.大豆种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.QIU L J,CHANG R Z. Descriptors and data standard for soybean[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2006.
[6]HANSON C H,ROBINSON H F,COMSTOCK R E. Biometrical studies of yield in segregating populations of Korean lespedeza[J]. AgronomyJournal,1956,48(6):268-272.
[7]孔繁玲.植物数量遗传学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2006.KONG F L. Quantitative geneitcs in plants[M]. Beijing:China Agricultural University press,2006.
[8]FEHR W R. Principles of cultivar development,theory and technical[M]. New York:Mc Graw-Hill lnc,1987.
[9]张勇,傅蒙蒙,杨兴勇,等.东北大豆种质群体在克山的表现及其潜在的育种意义[J].大豆科学,2016,35(6):881-890.ZHANG Y,FU M M,YANG X Y,et al. Performance and breeding potential of the northeast China soybean germplasm population in Keshanarea[J]. Soybean Science,2016,35(6):881-890.
[10]程延喜,孙晓环,郑朝春,等.东北大豆种质群体在长春的表现及其潜在的育种意义[J].大豆科学,2017,36(2):165-173.CHENG Y X,SUN X H,ZHENG C C,et al. Characteristics and breeding potential of northeast China soybean germplasm population inChangchun area[J]. Soybean Science,2017,36(2):165-173.
[11]田中艳,宗春美,杨柳,等.东北大豆种质群体在大庆的表现及其育种意义[J].植物遗传资源学报,2018,19(4):694-704.TIAN Z Y,ZONG C M,YANG L,et al. Performance and breeding potential of the northeast China soybean germplasm population in Daqing[J]. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2018,19(4):694-704.
[12]王树宇,宗春美,刘德恒,等.东北大豆种质群体生态性状在铁岭地区的表现及育种潜势研究[J].土壤与作物,2018,7(2):148-159.WANG S Y,ZONG C M,LIU D H,et al. Ecological traits performances and their breeding potential for northeast China's soybean germplasmpopulation grown in Tieling area,Liaoning Province[J]. Soils and Crops,2018,7(2):148-159.
[13]韩天富,盖钧镒,陈风云,等.生育期结构不同的大豆品种的光周期反应和农艺性状[J].作物学报,1998,24(5):550-557.HAN T F,GAI J Y,CHEN F Y,et al. Photoperiod response and agronomic characters of soybean varieties with different growth period struc-ture[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica,1998,24(5):550-557.
[14]杨倩,张惠君,谢甫绨.不同来源大豆品种生育期结构与产量关系的研究[J].大豆科学,2008,27(6):973-978.YANG Q,ZHANG H J,XIE F T. Relationship of growth stage structure and yield of soybeans from different regions[J]. Soybean Science,2008,27(6):973-978.
[15]郑洪兵,徐克章,赵洪祥,等.吉林省不同年代大豆品种某些株型性状的演变[J].中国油料作物学报,2006,28(3):276-281.ZHENG H B,XU K Z,ZHAO H X,et al. Study on stature evolution of soybean cultivars in Jilin Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Oil CropSciences,2006,28(3):276-281.
[16]杜维广,盖钧镒.大豆超高产育种研究进展的讨论[J].土壤与作物,2014,3(3):81-92.DU W G,GAI J Y. A Discussion on advances in breeding for super high-yielding soybean cultivars[J]. Soils and Crops,2014,3(3):81-92.
[2]傅蒙蒙,王燕平,任海祥,等.东北春大豆熟期组的划分与地理分布[J].大豆科学,2016,35(2):181-192.FU M M,WANG Y P,REN H X,et al. A study on criterion,identification and distribution of maturity groups for spring-sowing soybeans innortheast China[J]. Soybean Science,2016,35(2):181-192.
[3]傅蒙蒙,王燕平,任海祥,等.东北大豆种质资源生育期性状的生态特征分析[J].大豆科学,2016,35(4):541-549.FU M M,WANG Y P,REN H X,et al. Ecological characteristics analysis of northeast soybean germplasm growth period traits[J]. SoybeanScience,2016,35(4):541-549.
[4]FEHR W R,CAVINESS C E. Stages of soybean development. Special report 80,cooperative extension service,agriculture and home economicexperiment station[R]. Iowa:Iowa State University,1977.
[5]邱丽娟,常汝镇.大豆种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.QIU L J,CHANG R Z. Descriptors and data standard for soybean[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2006.
[6]HANSON C H,ROBINSON H F,COMSTOCK R E. Biometrical studies of yield in segregating populations of Korean lespedeza[J]. AgronomyJournal,1956,48(6):268-272.
[7]孔繁玲.植物数量遗传学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2006.KONG F L. Quantitative geneitcs in plants[M]. Beijing:China Agricultural University press,2006.
[8]FEHR W R. Principles of cultivar development,theory and technical[M]. New York:Mc Graw-Hill lnc,1987.
[9]张勇,傅蒙蒙,杨兴勇,等.东北大豆种质群体在克山的表现及其潜在的育种意义[J].大豆科学,2016,35(6):881-890.ZHANG Y,FU M M,YANG X Y,et al. Performance and breeding potential of the northeast China soybean germplasm population in Keshanarea[J]. Soybean Science,2016,35(6):881-890.
[10]程延喜,孙晓环,郑朝春,等.东北大豆种质群体在长春的表现及其潜在的育种意义[J].大豆科学,2017,36(2):165-173.CHENG Y X,SUN X H,ZHENG C C,et al. Characteristics and breeding potential of northeast China soybean germplasm population inChangchun area[J]. Soybean Science,2017,36(2):165-173.
[11]田中艳,宗春美,杨柳,等.东北大豆种质群体在大庆的表现及其育种意义[J].植物遗传资源学报,2018,19(4):694-704.TIAN Z Y,ZONG C M,YANG L,et al. Performance and breeding potential of the northeast China soybean germplasm population in Daqing[J]. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2018,19(4):694-704.
[12]王树宇,宗春美,刘德恒,等.东北大豆种质群体生态性状在铁岭地区的表现及育种潜势研究[J].土壤与作物,2018,7(2):148-159.WANG S Y,ZONG C M,LIU D H,et al. Ecological traits performances and their breeding potential for northeast China's soybean germplasmpopulation grown in Tieling area,Liaoning Province[J]. Soils and Crops,2018,7(2):148-159.
[13]韩天富,盖钧镒,陈风云,等.生育期结构不同的大豆品种的光周期反应和农艺性状[J].作物学报,1998,24(5):550-557.HAN T F,GAI J Y,CHEN F Y,et al. Photoperiod response and agronomic characters of soybean varieties with different growth period struc-ture[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica,1998,24(5):550-557.
[14]杨倩,张惠君,谢甫绨.不同来源大豆品种生育期结构与产量关系的研究[J].大豆科学,2008,27(6):973-978.YANG Q,ZHANG H J,XIE F T. Relationship of growth stage structure and yield of soybeans from different regions[J]. Soybean Science,2008,27(6):973-978.
[15]郑洪兵,徐克章,赵洪祥,等.吉林省不同年代大豆品种某些株型性状的演变[J].中国油料作物学报,2006,28(3):276-281.ZHENG H B,XU K Z,ZHAO H X,et al. Study on stature evolution of soybean cultivars in Jilin Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Oil CropSciences,2006,28(3):276-281.
[16]杜维广,盖钧镒.大豆超高产育种研究进展的讨论[J].土壤与作物,2014,3(3):81-92.DU W G,GAI J Y. A Discussion on advances in breeding for super high-yielding soybean cultivars[J]. Soils and Crops,2014,3(3):81-92.