东北春大豆熟期组的划分与地理分布
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摘要
东北春大豆区是我国大豆主产区,大豆品种生育期特性是最主要的生态特性。美国建立的大豆熟期组制度已为全世界采纳。熟期组归类表述了品种最主要的地理生态特性,有利于全世界不同地区间的引种、交流和育种方案设计。本研究搜集了我国东北地区数十年来育种或生产上广泛使用的地方和育成的共计361份品种,于2012-2014年在东北大豆不同气候生态区的9个试验点,以美国和国内已明确MG000~MGⅢ熟期组的品种为标准,进行东北地区品种熟期划分的研究。鉴定方法为先根据标准品种相邻熟期组生育日数平均值的1/2为界,划定不同熟期组在该环境的范围,初步划定各品种的熟期组归属,然后统计各品种在不同环境的熟期组归属次数,结合考虑该品种适应的生态条件,最终确定其熟期组归属。本研究认为东北地区早春土壤墒情较好,播种后种子开始吸水萌动,而完全成熟则在完熟期(R8时期),大豆的全生育期应为从播种到R8时期的生育日数。获得结果如下:(1)确定了不同试验点/生态亚区各熟期组划分的生育期天数范围和各熟期组鉴定的最佳试验点/生态亚区,具体的说以北安和扎兰屯作为MG000和MG00熟期租适宜的鉴定地点,克山和牡丹江作为MG0和MGⅠ适宜的鉴定地点,铁岭作为MGⅡ和MGⅢ适宜的鉴定地点;(2)361份东北春大豆归入MG000~MGⅢ共6个熟期组;(3)揭示了不同熟期组在东北地区的地域分布,大致上MG000和MG00主要分布在黑龙江北部及内蒙古北部,MG 0和MG I主要分布在黑龙江中南部,MGⅡ主要分布在吉林省,MGⅢ主要分布在辽宁省;(4)提出了一批东北地区各熟期组鉴定的本地区标准品种;(5)提出我国东北地区熟期组鉴定的方法,即先在当地将待鉴定的品种生育期天数与标准品种的表现或者本文所给出的各熟期组在当地的表现进行初步划分,然后按照其熟期组划分结果安排在适宜的鉴定点进行统一鉴定,经比对后确定其熟期组的归属。
Northeast China is the major soybean production area in China where the growth period traits,such as the days from sowing to maturity,are the major ecological traits varying from region to region. The maturity group( MG) system of the soybeans was firstly established in the US and then accepted internationally to characterize the cultivars for exchanging materials and planning breeding schedules. In the present study,a collection of soybean varieties composed of 361 landraces and released cultivars used in soybean production during the historical decades were tested with a group of American and domestic MG standard checks( MG000-MG III) at nine locations in Northeast China in 2011-2012 in order to establish a local MG grouping system and determine the MGs of the local varieties in Northeast China. The grouping procedure was as the following:At each location each year,the class limits of a MG were determined as the average days to maturity plus and minus half distance between the neighboring two MGs,all the MGs limit at all locations in all years were accordingly determined. Then the MG for each variety at each environment was nominated and finally the MG for each variety was determined according to its most counts among locations and years. Here we used the days from sowing to maturity( R8) to group MGs which has been the international usual way rather than the others such as days from emergence to R7,because after the seeds sown in the soil,they start water absorption and metabolism in early spring and days from R7 to R8 were different among the varities in Northeast China. The results obtained were as follows:(1) The MG class limits for various locations / sub-regions were determined and the best locations for each MG were nominated,such as Beian and Zhalantun for MG000 and MG00,Keshan and Mudanjiang for MG0 and MG I,Tieling for MG II and MG III;(2) The 361 Northeast spring soybean varieties were classified into six groups,MG000-MGIII,respectively;(3) The distribution of the various MGs in sub-regions in Northeast China was revealed,such as MG000-MG00 mainly in Northern Heilongjiang and Northern Inner Mongolia,MG0-MG I mainly in Central and Southern Heilongjiang province,MG II mainly in Jilin province,and MG III mainly in Liaoning province;(4) A number of the local MG standard checks in Northeast China were nominated for local utilization;(5) A local MG grouping procedure in Northeast China was suggested,i. e. the first step to assign an introduction with a preliminary MG through comparison with MGknown varieties and then test and determine its MG at the best locations for MG testing.
Northeast China is the major soybean production area in China where the growth period traits,such as the days from sowing to maturity,are the major ecological traits varying from region to region. The maturity group( MG) system of the soybeans was firstly established in the US and then accepted internationally to characterize the cultivars for exchanging materials and planning breeding schedules. In the present study,a collection of soybean varieties composed of 361 landraces and released cultivars used in soybean production during the historical decades were tested with a group of American and domestic MG standard checks( MG000-MG III) at nine locations in Northeast China in 2011-2012 in order to establish a local MG grouping system and determine the MGs of the local varieties in Northeast China. The grouping procedure was as the following:At each location each year,the class limits of a MG were determined as the average days to maturity plus and minus half distance between the neighboring two MGs,all the MGs limit at all locations in all years were accordingly determined. Then the MG for each variety at each environment was nominated and finally the MG for each variety was determined according to its most counts among locations and years. Here we used the days from sowing to maturity( R8) to group MGs which has been the international usual way rather than the others such as days from emergence to R7,because after the seeds sown in the soil,they start water absorption and metabolism in early spring and days from R7 to R8 were different among the varities in Northeast China. The results obtained were as follows:(1) The MG class limits for various locations / sub-regions were determined and the best locations for each MG were nominated,such as Beian and Zhalantun for MG000 and MG00,Keshan and Mudanjiang for MG0 and MG I,Tieling for MG II and MG III;(2) The 361 Northeast spring soybean varieties were classified into six groups,MG000-MGIII,respectively;(3) The distribution of the various MGs in sub-regions in Northeast China was revealed,such as MG000-MG00 mainly in Northern Heilongjiang and Northern Inner Mongolia,MG0-MG I mainly in Central and Southern Heilongjiang province,MG II mainly in Jilin province,and MG III mainly in Liaoning province;(4) A number of the local MG standard checks in Northeast China were nominated for local utilization;(5) A local MG grouping procedure in Northeast China was suggested,i. e. the first step to assign an introduction with a preliminary MG through comparison with MGknown varieties and then test and determine its MG at the best locations for MG testing.
引文
[1]盖钧镒,汪越胜,张孟臣,等.中国大豆品种熟期组划分的研究[J].作物学报,2001,27(3):286-292.(Gai J Y,Wang Y S,Zhang M C,et al.Studies on the classification of maturity groups of soybeans in China[J].Acta Agronomica Sinia,2001,27(3):286-292.)
[2]王金陵.大豆的生态类型与大豆的栽培和育种[J].中国农业科学,1961(1):24-27.(Wang J L.The ecotypes of soybean with soybean cultivation and breeding[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1961(1):24-27.)
[3]王金陵,武镛祥,吴和礼,等.中国南北地区大豆光照生态类型的分析[J].农业学报,1956,7(2):169-180.(Wang J L,Wu Y X,Wu H L,et al.Analysis of south and north areas of China light ecological type of variety[J].Journal of Agriculture,1956,7(2):169-180.)
[4]王金陵.大豆的生态性状与品种资源问题[J].中国油料,1981(1):3-11.(Wang J L.Soybean ecological traits and soybean varieties resource issues[J].Oil Crops China,1981(1):3-11.)
[5]王国勋.中国栽培大豆品种的生态分类研究[J].中国农业科学,1981,14(1):21-26.(Wang G X.Ecological classification of the Chinese soybean cultivars[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1981,14(1):21-26.)
[6]任全兴,盖钧镒,马育华.我国大豆品种生育期生态特性研究[J].中国农业科学,1987,20(5):23-28.(Ren Q X,Gai J Y,Ma Y H.A study on the ecological properties of the growth periods of the Chinese soybean varieties[J].Scientia Agriculture Sinica,1987,20(5):23-28.)
[7]郝耕,陈杏娟,卜慕华.中国大豆品种生育期组的划分[J].作物学报,1992,18(4):275-281.(Hao G,Chen X J,Pu M H.Classification of the Chinese soybean cultivars into maturity groups[J].Acta Agronomica Sinia,1992,18(4):275-281.)
[8]Hartwig E E.Growth and reproduction characteristics of soybean grown under short-day conditions[J].Crop Science,1970,12:47-53.
[9]Zhang L X,Kyei-Boahen S,Zhang J,et al.Modifications of optimum adaptation zones for soybean maturity groups in the USA[J].Crop Manag,2007,doi:10.1094/CM-2007-0927-01-RS.
[10]Zhang L,Chen Y,Wu C,et al.Comparison of soybean(Glycine max)variety trial systems and procedures in the USA and China[J].Crop Management,2010,doi:10.1094/CM-2010-0405-01-RV.
[11]Jia H C,Jiang B J,Wu C X,et al.Maturity group classification and maturity locus genotyping of early-maturing soybean varieties from high-latitude cold regions[J].Plo S One,2014,9(4):e94139.
[12]贾鸿昌.东北北部高寒地区大豆品种生育期组的划分[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2012.(Jia H C.Classification of maturity group of soybean varieties in High-latitude cold area of Northeast china[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2012.)
[13]吴存祥,李继存,沙爱华,等.国家大豆品种区域试验对照品种的生育期组归属[J].作物学报,2012,38(11):1977-1987.(Wu C X,Li J C,Sha A H,et al.Maturity group classification of check varieties in national soybean uniform trials of China[J].Acta Agronomic Sinica,38(11):1977-1987.)
[14]熊冬金.中国大豆育成品种(1923-2005)基于系谱和SSR标记的遗传基础研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2009.(Xiong D J.Studies on the genetic bases of Chinese soybean cultivars released during 1923-2005 based on pedigree and SSR marker analysis Nanjing[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2009.)
[15]潘铁夫,张德荣,张广文.东北地区大豆气候区划的研究[J].大豆科学,1983,2(1):1-13.(Pan T F,Zhang D R,Zhang W G.Study on the ecological regions of soybean in Northeast China[J].Soybean Science,1983,2(1):1-13.)
[16]马庆文,赵永泉.内蒙古呼伦贝尔(大)农业区划的探讨[J].内蒙古草业,1992(3):6-13.(Ma Q W,Zhao Y Q.Discussion Hulunbuir(large)agricultural zoning[J].Neimenggu Prataculture,1992(3):6-13.)
[17]农业部大豆专家顾问组(王彬如).东北地区(包括内蒙)春大豆品种区划[J].黑龙江农业科学,1991(5):31-34.(The Ministry of Agriculture Soybean Expert Advisory Group(Wang B R).Northeast China(including Inner Mongolia)spring soybean varieties division[J].Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,1991(5):31-34.)
[18]Fehr W R,Caviness C E.Stages of soybean development[R].Special Report 80,Cooperative Extension Service,Agriculture and Home Economic Experiment Station.Ames,Iowa:Iowa State University,1977:1-11.
[2]王金陵.大豆的生态类型与大豆的栽培和育种[J].中国农业科学,1961(1):24-27.(Wang J L.The ecotypes of soybean with soybean cultivation and breeding[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1961(1):24-27.)
[3]王金陵,武镛祥,吴和礼,等.中国南北地区大豆光照生态类型的分析[J].农业学报,1956,7(2):169-180.(Wang J L,Wu Y X,Wu H L,et al.Analysis of south and north areas of China light ecological type of variety[J].Journal of Agriculture,1956,7(2):169-180.)
[4]王金陵.大豆的生态性状与品种资源问题[J].中国油料,1981(1):3-11.(Wang J L.Soybean ecological traits and soybean varieties resource issues[J].Oil Crops China,1981(1):3-11.)
[5]王国勋.中国栽培大豆品种的生态分类研究[J].中国农业科学,1981,14(1):21-26.(Wang G X.Ecological classification of the Chinese soybean cultivars[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1981,14(1):21-26.)
[6]任全兴,盖钧镒,马育华.我国大豆品种生育期生态特性研究[J].中国农业科学,1987,20(5):23-28.(Ren Q X,Gai J Y,Ma Y H.A study on the ecological properties of the growth periods of the Chinese soybean varieties[J].Scientia Agriculture Sinica,1987,20(5):23-28.)
[7]郝耕,陈杏娟,卜慕华.中国大豆品种生育期组的划分[J].作物学报,1992,18(4):275-281.(Hao G,Chen X J,Pu M H.Classification of the Chinese soybean cultivars into maturity groups[J].Acta Agronomica Sinia,1992,18(4):275-281.)
[8]Hartwig E E.Growth and reproduction characteristics of soybean grown under short-day conditions[J].Crop Science,1970,12:47-53.
[9]Zhang L X,Kyei-Boahen S,Zhang J,et al.Modifications of optimum adaptation zones for soybean maturity groups in the USA[J].Crop Manag,2007,doi:10.1094/CM-2007-0927-01-RS.
[10]Zhang L,Chen Y,Wu C,et al.Comparison of soybean(Glycine max)variety trial systems and procedures in the USA and China[J].Crop Management,2010,doi:10.1094/CM-2010-0405-01-RV.
[11]Jia H C,Jiang B J,Wu C X,et al.Maturity group classification and maturity locus genotyping of early-maturing soybean varieties from high-latitude cold regions[J].Plo S One,2014,9(4):e94139.
[12]贾鸿昌.东北北部高寒地区大豆品种生育期组的划分[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2012.(Jia H C.Classification of maturity group of soybean varieties in High-latitude cold area of Northeast china[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2012.)
[13]吴存祥,李继存,沙爱华,等.国家大豆品种区域试验对照品种的生育期组归属[J].作物学报,2012,38(11):1977-1987.(Wu C X,Li J C,Sha A H,et al.Maturity group classification of check varieties in national soybean uniform trials of China[J].Acta Agronomic Sinica,38(11):1977-1987.)
[14]熊冬金.中国大豆育成品种(1923-2005)基于系谱和SSR标记的遗传基础研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2009.(Xiong D J.Studies on the genetic bases of Chinese soybean cultivars released during 1923-2005 based on pedigree and SSR marker analysis Nanjing[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2009.)
[15]潘铁夫,张德荣,张广文.东北地区大豆气候区划的研究[J].大豆科学,1983,2(1):1-13.(Pan T F,Zhang D R,Zhang W G.Study on the ecological regions of soybean in Northeast China[J].Soybean Science,1983,2(1):1-13.)
[16]马庆文,赵永泉.内蒙古呼伦贝尔(大)农业区划的探讨[J].内蒙古草业,1992(3):6-13.(Ma Q W,Zhao Y Q.Discussion Hulunbuir(large)agricultural zoning[J].Neimenggu Prataculture,1992(3):6-13.)
[17]农业部大豆专家顾问组(王彬如).东北地区(包括内蒙)春大豆品种区划[J].黑龙江农业科学,1991(5):31-34.(The Ministry of Agriculture Soybean Expert Advisory Group(Wang B R).Northeast China(including Inner Mongolia)spring soybean varieties division[J].Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,1991(5):31-34.)
[18]Fehr W R,Caviness C E.Stages of soybean development[R].Special Report 80,Cooperative Extension Service,Agriculture and Home Economic Experiment Station.Ames,Iowa:Iowa State University,1977:1-11.