北方草原露天煤矿区植被退化因素分析
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摘要
露天煤矿区植被退化问题日益严峻且对环境影响较大,确定植被退化主控因素并实施精准防治意义重大。为此,选取胜利与平庄露天矿区作为研究区域,以归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)反映植被退化程度。同时,将熵权法引入灰色关联分析来构建熵权灰色关联模型,利用该模型分析NDVI值与挖损、压占、沙漠化和土壤侵蚀4个因素的关联性,根据各因素的关联性排序确定引起植被退化的主控因素。结果表明:(1)胜利矿区不同因素熵权关联序排序为压占(熵权关联度为0. 294 7)>沙漠化(0. 155 5)>挖损(0. 151 0)>土壤侵蚀(0. 119 3),平庄矿区则为挖损(0. 169 3)>压占(0. 163 7)>土壤侵蚀(0. 150 5)>沙漠化(0. 103 4);(2)露天煤矿区植被退化最直接、最严重的影响因素是土地挖损、压占;(3)沙漠化、土壤侵蚀2项因素对植被退化影响比挖损、压占因素小,但亦不容忽视。基于研究结果提出了相应措施,有助于避免植被退化防治的盲目性。
The vegetation degradation in opencast coal mines is increasingly serious,which causes impacts on the environment. Therefore,it is of great significance to determine the main factors of vegetation degradation so as to implement precision prevention. Shengli and Pingzhuang coal mines were selected as study areas. Normalized difference vegetation index( NDVI) was employed to indicate vegetation degradation. The entropy weight was integrated with grey relational analysis to establish the entropy-grey relation model by which the relativity between NDVI and land excavation,land occupation,desertification and soil erosion were analyzed. The main factors of land degradation were determined based on the rank of relativity. The results show that:( 1) The ranking of relativity of different factors in Shengli coal mine area is: land occupation( 0. 294 7) > desertification( 0. 155 5) > land excavation( 0. 151 0) > soil erosion( 0. 119 3); while in Pingzhuang coal mining area is: land excavation( 0. 169 3) > land occupation( 0. 163 7) > soil erosion( 0. 150 5) > desertification( 0. 103 4).( 2) The main factors of vegetation degradation in opencast coal mines are land excavation and land occupation.( 3) Although the factors of desertification and soil erosion have less impact on vegetation degradation than land excavation and land occupation,they should not be ignored. Some measures have been proposed based on the results,which could help to avoid blindness during the prevention of vegetation degradation.
The vegetation degradation in opencast coal mines is increasingly serious,which causes impacts on the environment. Therefore,it is of great significance to determine the main factors of vegetation degradation so as to implement precision prevention. Shengli and Pingzhuang coal mines were selected as study areas. Normalized difference vegetation index( NDVI) was employed to indicate vegetation degradation. The entropy weight was integrated with grey relational analysis to establish the entropy-grey relation model by which the relativity between NDVI and land excavation,land occupation,desertification and soil erosion were analyzed. The main factors of land degradation were determined based on the rank of relativity. The results show that:( 1) The ranking of relativity of different factors in Shengli coal mine area is: land occupation( 0. 294 7) > desertification( 0. 155 5) > land excavation( 0. 151 0) > soil erosion( 0. 119 3); while in Pingzhuang coal mining area is: land excavation( 0. 169 3) > land occupation( 0. 163 7) > soil erosion( 0. 150 5) > desertification( 0. 103 4).( 2) The main factors of vegetation degradation in opencast coal mines are land excavation and land occupation.( 3) Although the factors of desertification and soil erosion have less impact on vegetation degradation than land excavation and land occupation,they should not be ignored. Some measures have been proposed based on the results,which could help to avoid blindness during the prevention of vegetation degradation.
引文
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[16]周扬,李宁,吉中会,等.基于SPI指数的1981—2010年内蒙古地区干旱时空分布特征[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(10):1694-1706.[ZHOU Yang,LI Ning,JI Zhong-hui,et al. Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Droughts Based on Standard Precipitation Index(SPI)in Inner Mongolia During 1981-2010[J]. Journal of Natural Resource,2013,28(10):1694-1706.]
[17]郭建英,何京丽,李锦荣,等.典型草原大型露天煤矿排土场边坡水蚀控制效果[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(3):296-303.[GUO Jian-ying,HE Jing-li,LI Jin-rong,et al.Effects of Different Measures on Water Erosion Control of Dump Slope at Opencast Coal Mine in Typical Steppe[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(3):296-303.]
[2]李海东,沈渭寿,司万童,等.中国矿区土地退化因素调查:概念、类型与方法[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(4):445-451.[LI Hai-dong,SHEN Wei-shou,SI Wan-tong,et al.Investigation of Driving Factors of Land Degradation in Mine Areas in China:Concept,Types and Approaches[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2015,31(4):445-451.]
[3]沈渭寿,曹学章,沈发云.中国土地退化的分类与分级[J].生态与农村环境学报,2006,22(4):88-93.[SHEN Wei-shou,CAO Xue-zhang,SHEN Fa-yun.Classification and Grading of Land Degradation in China[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2006,22(4):88-93.]
[4]江泽慧.中国干旱地区土地退化综合监测与评价指标体系建设研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2013:39-42.
[5]黄园园,闫庆武,雷少刚,等.基于GIS的乌海矿区土地退化因素分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(3):361-366.[HUANG Yuan-yuan,YAN Qing-wu,LEI Shao-gang,et al.Factors of Land Degradation in Wuhai Mining Area Based on GIS[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2016,32(3):361-366.]
[6]姚维岭,余江宽,路云阁.基于ZY-3卫星数据的神东煤矿区土地退化人为影响因素调查与评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(3):355-360.[YAO Wei-ling,YU Jiang-kuan,LU Yunge.Investigation and Assessment of Artificial Influencing Factors of Land Degradation in Shendong Coal Mining Area Based on ZY-3Satellite Data[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2016,32(3):355-360.]
[7]易湘生,李国胜,李阔,等.长江源区草地植被退化对土壤持水能力影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(4):907-918.[YI Xiang-sheng,LI Guo-sheng,LI Kuo,et al.Effect of Grassland Vegetation Degradation on Soil Water Holding Capacity in the Headwaters Area of Yangtze River[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2018,27(4):907-918.]
[8]卞正富,沈渭寿.西部重点矿区土地退化因素调查[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(2):173-177.[BIAN Zheng-fu,SHEN Wei-shou.Driving Factors of Land Degradation in Major Mining Areas in West China[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2016,32(2):173-177.]
[9]魏也纳.矿山开采土地压占毁损变化监测及分析:以郑州地区为例[J].矿山测量,2010,38(3):75-78.[WEI Ye-na.Monitoring and Analysis on Change of Land Occupation and Destroyed by Mining:The Case Study of Zhengzhou Area[J]. Mine Surveying,2010,38(3):75-78.]
[10]李天宏,郑丽娜.基于RUSLE模型的延河流域2001—2010年土壤侵蚀动态变化[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(7):1164-1175.[LI Tian-hong,ZHENG Li-na. Soil Erosion Changes in the Yanhe Watershed From 2001 to 2010 Based on RUSLE Model[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2012,27(7):1164-1175.]
[11]韩已文,刘忠,于学谦,等.沙化土地整治背景下的沙漠化监测预警[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(10):271-277.[HAN Yiwen,LIU Zhong,YU Xue-qian,et al.Desertification Monitoring and Early Warning in Context of Sandy Land Consolidation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(10):271-277.]
[12]李卓,孙然好,张继超,等.京津冀城市群地区植被覆盖动态变化时空分析[J].生态学报,2017,37(22):7418-7426.[LI Zhuo,SUN Ran-hao,ZHANG Ji-chao,et al.Temporal-Spatial Analysis of Vegetation Coverage Dynamics in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Regions[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(22):7418-7426.]
[13]王云刚,周辰,李辉,等.基于熵权灰色关联法的煤与瓦斯突出主控因素分析[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(6):5-9.[WANG Yun-gang,ZHOU Chen,LI Hui,et al.Analysis of the Dominant Controlling Factors Leading to the Coal and Gas Out-Burst Based on the Entropy Weight and Grey Correlation Method[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2016,16(6):5-9.]
[14]曹银贵,白中科,周伟,等.基于尺度差异的山西省采煤土地损毁影响因素分析[J].中国矿业,2014,23(8):75-82.[CAO Yin-gui,BAI Zhong-ke,ZHOU Wei,et al. Impact Factors of Coal Mining Land Damage at Different Scales in Shanxi Province[J].China Mining Magazine,2014,23(8):75-82.]
[15]丁文广,赵晨,陈利珍,等.1975—2014年锡林郭勒盟沙漠化时空演变分析[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2017,53(1):60-67.[DING Wen-guang,ZHAO Chen,CHEN Li-zhen,et al.Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Desertification in Xilinguole League During 1975-2014[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Science),2017,53(1):60-67.]
[16]周扬,李宁,吉中会,等.基于SPI指数的1981—2010年内蒙古地区干旱时空分布特征[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(10):1694-1706.[ZHOU Yang,LI Ning,JI Zhong-hui,et al. Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Droughts Based on Standard Precipitation Index(SPI)in Inner Mongolia During 1981-2010[J]. Journal of Natural Resource,2013,28(10):1694-1706.]
[17]郭建英,何京丽,李锦荣,等.典型草原大型露天煤矿排土场边坡水蚀控制效果[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(3):296-303.[GUO Jian-ying,HE Jing-li,LI Jin-rong,et al.Effects of Different Measures on Water Erosion Control of Dump Slope at Opencast Coal Mine in Typical Steppe[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(3):296-303.]