燃气蒸汽联合循环热电联产机组热经济性分析
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摘要
通过比较不同工况下燃气蒸汽联合循环热电联产机组的热力学特性,找出机组热损失产生的位置和原因,为机组的优化运行和节能改造提供理论指导。本文首先采用热量法的正平衡法来计算机组的热效率;其次用反平衡法计算该机组的?损失,将计算结果与正平衡法相校核并加以分析;最后用?方法对燃气蒸汽联合循环热电联产机组进行能量损失和效率计算。比较热量法和?方法的计算结果发现:燃气轮机负荷增大对联合循环?损失和?效率影响较大,使得机组?效率也有所提高;机组?效率随着环境温度的上升稍有降低;燃气轮机?效率的变化决定了机组?效率的变化趋势,采用热电联产可有效提高燃气蒸汽联合循环机组的运行经济性。
The thermodynamic characteristics of combined heat and power generation unit of gas-steam combined cycle under different working conditions are compared to find the location and causes of the unit heat loss. It can provide theoretical guidance for the optimal operation and energy-saving transformation of the unit. In this study, thermal efficiency of unit is calculated by the direct balance method of the heat method at first. Then exergy loss is calculated by the indirect balance method, and the calculation results are checked and analyzed with the results of direct balance method. Finally, the exergy analysis method is used to calculate the energy loss and efficiency of combined heat and power generation unit of gas-steam combined cycle. By comparing the results of the heat method and the exergy analysis method, it is found that, the increase of engine load has a great influence on heat loss and efficiency of the combined cycle, which improves the unit exergy efficiency. The exergy efficiency decreases slightly with rising ambient temperature. The changes in the exergy efficiency of gas turbine determine the trend of changes in unit exergy efficiency, and the use of combined heat and power generation unit can effectively improve the operating economics of the gas-steam combined cycle unit.
The thermodynamic characteristics of combined heat and power generation unit of gas-steam combined cycle under different working conditions are compared to find the location and causes of the unit heat loss. It can provide theoretical guidance for the optimal operation and energy-saving transformation of the unit. In this study, thermal efficiency of unit is calculated by the direct balance method of the heat method at first. Then exergy loss is calculated by the indirect balance method, and the calculation results are checked and analyzed with the results of direct balance method. Finally, the exergy analysis method is used to calculate the energy loss and efficiency of combined heat and power generation unit of gas-steam combined cycle. By comparing the results of the heat method and the exergy analysis method, it is found that, the increase of engine load has a great influence on heat loss and efficiency of the combined cycle, which improves the unit exergy efficiency. The exergy efficiency decreases slightly with rising ambient temperature. The changes in the exergy efficiency of gas turbine determine the trend of changes in unit exergy efficiency, and the use of combined heat and power generation unit can effectively improve the operating economics of the gas-steam combined cycle unit.
引文
[1]张鹏,周斌,吕蒙.“二拖一”燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电机组汽轮机全自动旁路控制系统[J].发电设备,2015,29(6):406-408.ZHANG Peng,ZHOU Bin,LV Meng.Automatic turbine by-pass control system in a two-pull-one type gas-steam combined cycle unit[J].Power Equipment,2015,29(6):406-408.
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[8]郭晓红,陈起,田亮.热电联产机组协调控制系统优化设计[J].热能动力工程,2015,30(6):916-920.GUO Xiaohong,CHEN Qi,TIAN Liang.Optimized design of a coordinated control system for cogeneration units[J].Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2015,30(6):916-920.
[9]王宁玲,冯澎湃,付鹏,等.一种基于?分析的火电机组热力系统性能劣化诊断方法[J].工程热物理学报,2016,37(6):1147-1153.WANG Ningling,FENG Pengpai,FU Peng,et al.Performance degradation diagnosis of thermal power system:an exergy analysis approach[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2016,37(6):1147-1153.
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[11]赵玺灵,付林,刘华,等.增大燃气热电联产供热能力的方式研究-应用3S离合背压供热与应用基于吸收式换热的集中供热技术的比较[J].暖通空调,2014,44(1):60-64.ZHAO Xiling,FU Lin,LIU Hua,et al.Study on heating ability improvement of heat and power cogeneration system by natural gas-Comparison between back pressure heating technology with 3S clutch and central heating technology based on absorption heat exchange[J].Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning,2014,44(1):60-64.
[12]AMERI M,AHMADI P,KHANMOHAMMADI S.Exergy analysis of a 420 MW combined cycle power plant[J].International Journal of Energy Research,2010,32(2):175-183.
[13]张玉东.燃气-蒸汽联合循环余热锅炉优化设计及动态特性研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2011:31-35.ZHANG Yudong.Optimized design and research on dynamic characteristics of HRSG in gas steam combined cycle[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2011:31-35.
[14]樊小林.某热电联产汽轮发电机组供热经济性分析[J].电力学报,2004,19(3):243-245.FAN Xiaolin.The analysis of economy benefits of the thermoelectricity combined-production steamer-generator units[J].Journal of Electric Power,2004,19(3):243-245.
[15]LAHDELMA R,HAKONEN H.An efficient linear programming algorithm for combined heat and power production[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2003,148(1):141-151.
[16]VALDéS M,DOLORES DURáN Ma,ROVIRA A.Thermoeconomic optimization of combined cycle gas turbine power plants using genetic algorithms[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2003,23(17):2169-2182.
[17]BANDYOPADHYAY S,BERA N C,BHATTACH ARYYA S.Thermoeconomic optimization of combined cycle power plants[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2001,42(3):359-371.
[18]付忠广,王霄楠,卢可,等.燃气预热温度对燃气-蒸汽联合循环性能影响[J].热力发电,2016,45(10):16-22.FU Zhongguang,WANG Xiaonan,LU Ke,et al.Influence of preheating temperature of nature gas on performance of gas-stem combined cycle[J].Thermal Power Generation,2016,45(10):16-22.
[19]李元媛,袁晶,杨勇平.太阳能燃气联合循环系统集成优化研究[J].工程热物理学报,2014,35(12):2348-2352.LI Yuanyuan,YUAN Jing,YANG Yongping.Optimization study for integrated solar combined cycle system[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2014,35(12):2348-2352.
[20]赵春,王培红.燃气-蒸汽联合循环热经济学分析评价指标研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(23):44-50.ZHAO Chun,WANG Peihong.Investigation on the evaluation indices for thermoeconomic analysis of combined cycle power plants[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(23):44-50.
[21]刘仁志,李元媛,杨勇平.新型太阳能与燃气轮机联合循环互补系统集热场优化研究[J].工程热物理学报,2016,37(9):1817-1821.LIU Renzhi,LI Yuanyuan,YANG Yongping.The solar thermal collector field optimization research of a novel integrated solar combined cycle system[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2016,37(9):1817-1821.
[22]王加勇,李仁杰,陈文和.燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组能耗分摊方法研究[J].电力与能源,2016,37(4):486-488.WANG Jiayong,LI Renjie,CHEN Wenhe.Energy consumption allocation method for gas-steam combined cycle unit[J].Power and Energy,2016,37(4):486-488.
[23]徐清.燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组整体性能保证方式探讨[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(增刊1):70-74.XU Qing.Ways about guarantee performance of gas steam combined cycle[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(Suppl.1):70-74.
[24]杨赵辉.燃气-蒸汽联合循环热电联供机组汽轮机运行工况分析[J].发电设备,2015,29(6):402-405.YANG Zhaohui.Analysis of steam turbine operation conditions in gas-steam combined cycle co-generation unit[J].Power Equipment,2015,29(6):402-405.
[25]熊昌全,汪正刚.燃气-蒸汽联合循环热电联产机组热电分摊方法[J].热力发电,2012,41(4):88-89.XIONG Changquan,WANG Zhenggang.Thermal power sharing method for gas-steam combined cycle cogeneration unit[J].Thermal Power Generation,2012,41(4):88-89(in Chinese).
[26]罗尘丁,张娜,蔡睿贤.新型多能源互补系统的热力经济性分析[J].工程热物理学报,2011,32(11):1801-1806.LUO Chending,ZHANG Na,CAI Ruixian.Thermoeconomic analysis of the SOLRGT hybrid power system[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2011,32(11):1801-1806.
[27]庞乐,王宝玉,黄立彬.热、电负荷分配的经济效益分析[J].中国电力,2016,49(4):131-133.PANG Le,WANG Baoyu,HUANG Libin.Economic benefit analysis of heat and electric load distribution[J].Electric Power,2016,49(4):131-133.
[2]郑炯智,张国强,许彦平,等.顶底循环参数对燃气–蒸汽联合循环全工况性能影响分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(23):6418-6431.ZHENG Jiongzhi,ZHANG Guoqiang,XU Yanping,et al.Analysis of topping and bottoming cycle parameters on the performance of the combined cycle at design/offdesign condition[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(23):6418-6431.
[3]张丹,乔瑜,曾涛,等.燃用低热值煤气的联合循环仿真及热经济分析[J].工程热物理学报,2012,33(2):331-335.ZHANG Dan,QIAO Yu,ZENG Tao,et al.Simulation and thermal-economic analysis of the combined cycle using low calorific value gas[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2012,33(2):331-335.
[4]李云.燃气-蒸汽联合循环系统的热经济学结构理论分析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2015:25-29.LI Yun.Thermo-economic structural theory analysis of gas steam combined cycle system[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2015:25-29(in Chinese).
[5]吴敏杰,汤明峰.燃气-蒸汽联合循环供热调峰机组热态启动优化[J].华电技术,2016,38(7):25-27.WU Minjie,TANG Mingfeng.Optimization of thermal startup of gas steam combined cycle heating peaking unit[J].Huadian Technology,2016,38(7):25-27.
[6]赵世飞,徐钢,周璐瑶,等.新型氢氧-燃煤联合循环系统热力学性能分析[J].工程热物理学报,2015,36(12):2557-2562.ZHAO Shifei,XU Gang,ZHOU Luyao,et al.Thermodynamic analysis of a novel H2/O2-coal fired combined cycle[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2015,36(12):2557-2562.
[7]赵玺灵,付林,李锋,等.燃气热电联产系统余热挖潜方式研究[J].热能动力工程,2014,29(4):349-354.ZHAO Xiling,FU Lin,LI Feng,et al.Study of the modes for tapping the latent power in utilizing the waste heat of a gas heat and power cogeneration system[J].Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2014,29(4):349-354.
[8]郭晓红,陈起,田亮.热电联产机组协调控制系统优化设计[J].热能动力工程,2015,30(6):916-920.GUO Xiaohong,CHEN Qi,TIAN Liang.Optimized design of a coordinated control system for cogeneration units[J].Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2015,30(6):916-920.
[9]王宁玲,冯澎湃,付鹏,等.一种基于?分析的火电机组热力系统性能劣化诊断方法[J].工程热物理学报,2016,37(6):1147-1153.WANG Ningling,FENG Pengpai,FU Peng,et al.Performance degradation diagnosis of thermal power system:an exergy analysis approach[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2016,37(6):1147-1153.
[10]SHIN J Y,JEON Y J,MAENG D J,et al.Analysis of the dynamic characteristics of a combined-cycle power plant[J].Energy,2002,27(12):1085-1098.
[11]赵玺灵,付林,刘华,等.增大燃气热电联产供热能力的方式研究-应用3S离合背压供热与应用基于吸收式换热的集中供热技术的比较[J].暖通空调,2014,44(1):60-64.ZHAO Xiling,FU Lin,LIU Hua,et al.Study on heating ability improvement of heat and power cogeneration system by natural gas-Comparison between back pressure heating technology with 3S clutch and central heating technology based on absorption heat exchange[J].Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning,2014,44(1):60-64.
[12]AMERI M,AHMADI P,KHANMOHAMMADI S.Exergy analysis of a 420 MW combined cycle power plant[J].International Journal of Energy Research,2010,32(2):175-183.
[13]张玉东.燃气-蒸汽联合循环余热锅炉优化设计及动态特性研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2011:31-35.ZHANG Yudong.Optimized design and research on dynamic characteristics of HRSG in gas steam combined cycle[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2011:31-35.
[14]樊小林.某热电联产汽轮发电机组供热经济性分析[J].电力学报,2004,19(3):243-245.FAN Xiaolin.The analysis of economy benefits of the thermoelectricity combined-production steamer-generator units[J].Journal of Electric Power,2004,19(3):243-245.
[15]LAHDELMA R,HAKONEN H.An efficient linear programming algorithm for combined heat and power production[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2003,148(1):141-151.
[16]VALDéS M,DOLORES DURáN Ma,ROVIRA A.Thermoeconomic optimization of combined cycle gas turbine power plants using genetic algorithms[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2003,23(17):2169-2182.
[17]BANDYOPADHYAY S,BERA N C,BHATTACH ARYYA S.Thermoeconomic optimization of combined cycle power plants[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2001,42(3):359-371.
[18]付忠广,王霄楠,卢可,等.燃气预热温度对燃气-蒸汽联合循环性能影响[J].热力发电,2016,45(10):16-22.FU Zhongguang,WANG Xiaonan,LU Ke,et al.Influence of preheating temperature of nature gas on performance of gas-stem combined cycle[J].Thermal Power Generation,2016,45(10):16-22.
[19]李元媛,袁晶,杨勇平.太阳能燃气联合循环系统集成优化研究[J].工程热物理学报,2014,35(12):2348-2352.LI Yuanyuan,YUAN Jing,YANG Yongping.Optimization study for integrated solar combined cycle system[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2014,35(12):2348-2352.
[20]赵春,王培红.燃气-蒸汽联合循环热经济学分析评价指标研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(23):44-50.ZHAO Chun,WANG Peihong.Investigation on the evaluation indices for thermoeconomic analysis of combined cycle power plants[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(23):44-50.
[21]刘仁志,李元媛,杨勇平.新型太阳能与燃气轮机联合循环互补系统集热场优化研究[J].工程热物理学报,2016,37(9):1817-1821.LIU Renzhi,LI Yuanyuan,YANG Yongping.The solar thermal collector field optimization research of a novel integrated solar combined cycle system[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2016,37(9):1817-1821.
[22]王加勇,李仁杰,陈文和.燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组能耗分摊方法研究[J].电力与能源,2016,37(4):486-488.WANG Jiayong,LI Renjie,CHEN Wenhe.Energy consumption allocation method for gas-steam combined cycle unit[J].Power and Energy,2016,37(4):486-488.
[23]徐清.燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组整体性能保证方式探讨[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(增刊1):70-74.XU Qing.Ways about guarantee performance of gas steam combined cycle[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(Suppl.1):70-74.
[24]杨赵辉.燃气-蒸汽联合循环热电联供机组汽轮机运行工况分析[J].发电设备,2015,29(6):402-405.YANG Zhaohui.Analysis of steam turbine operation conditions in gas-steam combined cycle co-generation unit[J].Power Equipment,2015,29(6):402-405.
[25]熊昌全,汪正刚.燃气-蒸汽联合循环热电联产机组热电分摊方法[J].热力发电,2012,41(4):88-89.XIONG Changquan,WANG Zhenggang.Thermal power sharing method for gas-steam combined cycle cogeneration unit[J].Thermal Power Generation,2012,41(4):88-89(in Chinese).
[26]罗尘丁,张娜,蔡睿贤.新型多能源互补系统的热力经济性分析[J].工程热物理学报,2011,32(11):1801-1806.LUO Chending,ZHANG Na,CAI Ruixian.Thermoeconomic analysis of the SOLRGT hybrid power system[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2011,32(11):1801-1806.
[27]庞乐,王宝玉,黄立彬.热、电负荷分配的经济效益分析[J].中国电力,2016,49(4):131-133.PANG Le,WANG Baoyu,HUANG Libin.Economic benefit analysis of heat and electric load distribution[J].Electric Power,2016,49(4):131-133.