部分预混火焰撞壁的温度及甲醛分布测量
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摘要
结合麦肯纳燃烧器,设计了液体燃料部分预混火焰近壁面燃烧的光学诊断系统,利用双色法和激光诱导荧光法,研究了壁面高度及壁面温度对于近壁面区域火焰温度场和甲醛分布的影响.结果表明,随着壁面高度增加或者壁面温度升高,火焰温度升高,高温区域面积增大并从火焰外侧向中心轴附近转移.甲醛LIF图像上的信号与温度分布中的低温区域基本吻合,随着壁面高度的增加,甲醛峰值下降,而火焰整体的甲醛分布范围变广.当壁面温度升高时,甲醛信号变弱,整体的分布范围也变小.
An optical diagnostic system of a partially premixed flame near the wall was designed with a McKenna burner. The two-color method and laser-induced fluorescence(LIF) were used to investigate the temperature and formaldehyde distribution of the flame. The effects of height and temperature of the wall were also analyzed in detail. The results showed that hot areas may be found close to the outside and central axis of the flame. With increasing height or wall temperature,the flame temperature also increased. The high-temperature area extended and shifted from the outside of the flame toward the center axis,and the signals on the formaldehyde LIF image were relatively consistent with those of the low-temperature region in the temperature distribution. As the height of the wall increased,the peak value of formaldehyde decreased and the overall distribution range of formaldehyde in the flame widened. When the wall temperature increased,the formaldehyde signal decreased and the overall distribution range narrowed.
An optical diagnostic system of a partially premixed flame near the wall was designed with a McKenna burner. The two-color method and laser-induced fluorescence(LIF) were used to investigate the temperature and formaldehyde distribution of the flame. The effects of height and temperature of the wall were also analyzed in detail. The results showed that hot areas may be found close to the outside and central axis of the flame. With increasing height or wall temperature,the flame temperature also increased. The high-temperature area extended and shifted from the outside of the flame toward the center axis,and the signals on the formaldehyde LIF image were relatively consistent with those of the low-temperature region in the temperature distribution. As the height of the wall increased,the peak value of formaldehyde decreased and the overall distribution range of formaldehyde in the flame widened. When the wall temperature increased,the formaldehyde signal decreased and the overall distribution range narrowed.
引文
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[22]唐青龙,耿超,李明坤,等.激光诱导荧光法测量内燃机双燃料燃烧过程中的甲醛和羟基[J].物理化学学报,2015,31(12):2269-2277.Tang Qinglong,Geng Chao,Li Mingkun,et al.Laserinduced fluorescence measurements of formaldehyde and OH radicals in dual-fuel combustion process in engine[J].Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica,2015,31(12):2269-2277(in Chinese).
[2]Yenerdag B,Minamoto Y,Aoki K,et al.Flame-wall interactions of lean premixed flames under elevated,rising pressure conditions[J].Fuel,2017,189:8-14.
[3]Dreizler A,B?hm B.Advanced laser diagnostics for an improved understanding of premixed flame-wall interactions[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2015,35(1):37-64.
[4]Popp P,Baum M.Analysis of wall heat fluxes,reaction mechanisms,and unburnt hydrocarbons during the head-on quenching of a laminar methane flame[J].Combustion&Flame,1997,108(3):327-348.
[5]Saffman M.Parametric studies of a side wall quench layer[J].Combustion&Flame,1984,55(2):141-159.
[6]Mokhov A V,Nefedov A P,Rogov B V,et al.CObehavior in laminar boundary layer of combustion product flow[J].Combustion&Flame,1999,119(1/2):161-173.
[7]Mann M,Jainski C,Euler M,et al.Transient flamewall interactions:Experimental analysis using spectroscopic temperature and CO concentration measurements[J].Combustion&Flame,2014,161(9):2371-2386.
[8]Medwell P R,Kalt P A M,Dally B B.Simultaneous imaging of OH,formaldehyde,and temperature of turbulent nonpremixed jet flames in a heated and diluted coflow[J].Combustion&Flame,2007,148(1):48-61.
[9]Fuyuto T,Kronemayer H,Lewerich B,et al.Temperature and species measurement in a quenching boundary layer on a flat-flame burner[J].Experiments in Fluids,2010,49(4):783-795.
[10]Skeen S A,Manin J,Pickett L M.Simultaneous formaldehyde PLIF and high-speed schlieren imaging for ignition visualization in high-pressure spray flames[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2015,35(3):3167-3174.
[11]黄夏,黄勇.本生灯预混火焰淬熄距离实验分析[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2015,41(8):1513-1519.Huang Xia,Huang Yong.Experimental analysis of wall quenching distance of a premixed Bunsen flame[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2015,41(8):1513-1519(in Chinese).
[12]冯耀勋,杨浩林,蒋利桥,等.壁面附近火焰OH自由基行为的PLIF研究[J].工程热物理学报,2011,32(4):699-702.Feng Yaoxun,Yang Haolin,Jiang Liqiao,et al.PLIFresearch study on behavior of OH radical of flame above the surface[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2011,32(4):699-702(in Chinese).
[13]冯耀勋,郑晓峰.基于PLIF技术测试壁面附近处火焰中OH自由基活性分布的研究[J].热能动力工程,2017,32(11):19-25.Feng Yaoxun,Zheng Xiaofeng.Research on OH free radical behavior of flame near wall surface based on PLIF testing technology[J].Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2017,32(11):19-25(in Chinese).
[14]Jing L,Yao M,Liu H,et al.Experimental and numerical study on suitable diesel fuel surrogates in low temperature combustion conditions[J].Fuel,2012,97(7):621-629.
[15]张鹏,刘海峰,陈贝凌,等.协流部分预混燃烧器设计及激光诊断测量[J].燃烧科学与技术,2015,21(2):157-164.Zhang Peng,Liu Haifeng,Chen Beiling,et al.Design of co-flow partially premixed burner and laser diagnostic measurements[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2015,21(2):157-164(in Chinese).
[16]王丽雯,何旭,王建昕,等.用双色法研究汽油机燃烧火焰的温度分布[J].燃烧科学与技术,2007,13(4):293-298.Wang Liwen,He Xu,Wang Jianxin,et al.Temperature distribution of combustion flame in the gasoline engine by means of two-color method[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2007,13(4):293-298(in Chinese).
[17]Zhao H,Ladommatos N.Optical diagnostics for soot and temperature measurement in diesel engines[J].Progress in Energy&Combustion Science,1998,24(24):221-255.
[18]张华.基于ICCD双色热图象的温度场实时检测传感系统[J].仪器仪表学报,1998,19(1):94-97.Zhang Hua.Real-time detection system of temperature field based on ICCD 2-color thermal image[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,1998,19(1):94-97(in Chinese).
[19]Chen B,Liu X,Liu H,et al.Soot reduction effects of the addition of four butanol isomers on partially premixed flames of diesel surrogates[J].Combustion&Flame,2017,177:123-136.
[20]顾晨,林柏洋,邵灿,等.温度对预混合乙烯火焰碳烟生成的影响[J].内燃机学报,2016,34(2):156-162.Gu Chen,Lin Baiyang,Shao Can,et al.Effect of temperature on soot formation in premixed ethylene flames[J].Transactions of CSICE,2016,34(2):156-162(in Chinese).
[21]Brackmann C,Nygren J,Bai X,et al.Laser-induced fluorescence of formaldehyde in combustion using third harmonic Nd:YAG laser excitation[J].Spectrochim Acta A:Mol Biomol Spectrosc,2003,59(14):3347-3356.
[22]唐青龙,耿超,李明坤,等.激光诱导荧光法测量内燃机双燃料燃烧过程中的甲醛和羟基[J].物理化学学报,2015,31(12):2269-2277.Tang Qinglong,Geng Chao,Li Mingkun,et al.Laserinduced fluorescence measurements of formaldehyde and OH radicals in dual-fuel combustion process in engine[J].Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica,2015,31(12):2269-2277(in Chinese).