燕山水库汛限水位动态控制方案研究
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摘要
随着全球极端气候越发频繁、水资源时空分布更加不均,水资源供需矛盾日益加剧。为充分利用水库调控水资源能力和发挥工程效益,采用预蓄预泄法对燕山水库汛限水位进行动态控制方案研究,首先基于下游防洪安全,根据降雨与洪水预报信息,采取预蓄预泄方案确定汛限水位上限值;再基于大坝自身安全和水库超泄能力分析确定了主汛期与后汛期的最高汛限水位。与原汛限水位104.20 m相比,考虑洪水预报信息情况汛限水位可调整至104.77 m,考虑降雨预报信息时可调整至105.36 m。计算分析结果表明,调整后的动态汛限水位对大坝自身安全及下游防洪安全影响较小,提高了水资源可利用率,具有可实施性。
With the global extreme climate becoming more frequent,more uneven temporal and spatial distribution of the water resources has resulted in an increasing contradiction between supply and demand of the water resources.In order to make full use of the reservoir water resources and develop the reservoir's engineering benefit,analyses and studies of the control scheme of the flood control level for the Yanshan reservoir have been carried out by using a prestorage and predischarge method.First,taking the downstream flood control safety into account,with the help of the rainfall and flood forecast information,the upper limit of the flood control level was determined by the prestorage and predischarge scheme; then based on the dam safety,considering reservoir ultimate discharge capacity,the highest flood control level during the major flood period and post-freshet period was determined.Comparing with the original flood control level of 104.2 m,the new flood control level considering flood forecast information can be adjusted to 104.77 m,and the flood control level considering the rainfall forecast information can be adjusted to 105.36 m.The calculation and analysis results show that the adjusted dynamic flood control level of the reservoir,with a slight influence upon the dam safety and downstream flood control safety,can greatly improve the utilization rate of the water resources,hence applicable and implementable.
With the global extreme climate becoming more frequent,more uneven temporal and spatial distribution of the water resources has resulted in an increasing contradiction between supply and demand of the water resources.In order to make full use of the reservoir water resources and develop the reservoir's engineering benefit,analyses and studies of the control scheme of the flood control level for the Yanshan reservoir have been carried out by using a prestorage and predischarge method.First,taking the downstream flood control safety into account,with the help of the rainfall and flood forecast information,the upper limit of the flood control level was determined by the prestorage and predischarge scheme; then based on the dam safety,considering reservoir ultimate discharge capacity,the highest flood control level during the major flood period and post-freshet period was determined.Comparing with the original flood control level of 104.2 m,the new flood control level considering flood forecast information can be adjusted to 104.77 m,and the flood control level considering the rainfall forecast information can be adjusted to 105.36 m.The calculation and analysis results show that the adjusted dynamic flood control level of the reservoir,with a slight influence upon the dam safety and downstream flood control safety,can greatly improve the utilization rate of the water resources,hence applicable and implementable.
引文
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[9]王长生,马福恒,何心望,等.基于物联网的燕山水库大坝智能巡检系统[J].水利水运工程学报,2014(2):48-53.(WANG Changsheng,MA Fuheng,HE Xinwang,et al.Intelligent inspection system for Yanshan reservoir dam based on the internet of things technology[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2014(2):48-53.(in Chinese))
[10]李子阳,郭丽,严中奇,等.旱涝急转条件下土石坝渗流特性分析与安全控制[J].水电能源科学,2015,33(11):49-51.(LI Ziyang,GUO Li,YAN Zhongqi,et al.Seepage characteristic analysis and safety control earth-eockfill dam under conditions of abrupt alternation of drought-flood[J].Water Resources and Power,2015,33(11):49-51.(in Chinese))
[11]王本德,周慧成.水库汛限水位动态控制理论与方法及其应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.(WANG Bende,ZHOU Huicheng.The theory and method of dynamic control of flood control water level of the reservoir and its application[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[12]马福恒,李子阳,张铭,等.基于结构风险的水库动态调度关键技术研究[R].南京:南京水利科学研究院,2015.(MA Fuheng,LI Ziyang,ZHANG Min,et al.Research on key technology of reservoir dynamic scheduling based on structure risk[R].Nanjing:Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,2015.(in Chinese))
[2]大连理工大学,国家防汛抗旱总指挥部办公室.水库防洪预报调度方法及运用[M].北京:中国水利电力出版社,1996.(Dalian University of Technology,Office of the State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters.The method of flood control forecast operation of reservoir and its application[M].Beijing:China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Publishing House,1996.(in Chinese))
[3]胡四一,王银堂,刘克琳.水库汛限水位的风险设计[C]∥中国水利学会2005学术年会论文集—节水型社会建设的理论与实践.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005:389-396.(HU Siyi,WANG Yintang,LIU Kelin.The risk design of flood control level[C]∥Proceedings of the 2005 Annual Conference of China Water Conservancy Society—Theory and Practice of Water Saving Society Construction.Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2005:389-396.(in Chinese))
[4]王本德,郑德凤,周惠成,等.汛限水位动态控制方案优选方法及指标体系研究[J].大连理工大学学报,2007,47(1):113-118.(WANG Bende,ZHENG Defeng,ZHOU Huicheng,et al.A study of index system and fuzzy optimum model on schemes of dynamic flood control limited water level of a reservoir[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2007,47(1):113-118.(in Chinese))
[5]邱瑞田,王本德,周惠成.水库汛期限制水位控制理论与观念的更新探讨[J].水科学进展,2004,15(1):68-72.(QIU Ruitian,WANG Bende,ZHOU Huicheng,et al.New idea for controlling the limited elevation of reservoirs in the flood season[J].Advance in Water Science,2004,15(1):68-72.(in Chinese))
[6]王才君,郭生练,刘攀,等.三峡水库动态汛限水位洪水调度风险指标及综合评价模型研究[J].水科学进展,2004,15(3):376-381.(WANG Caijun,GUO Shenglian,LIU Pan,et al.Risk criteria and comprehensive evaluation model for the operation of Three Gorges reservoir under dynamic flood limit water level[J].Advance in Water Science,2004,15(3):376-381.(in Chinese))
[7]李玮,郭生练,刘攀,等.梯级水库汛限水位动态控制模型研究及运用[J].水力发电学报,2008,27(2):22-28.(LI Wei,GUO Shenglian,LIU Pan,et al.Dynamic control model for limiting level during flood season of cascade reservoirs operation[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2008,27(2):22-28.(in Chinese))
[8]马福恒.病险水库大坝风险分析与预警方法[D].南京:河海大学,2006.(MA Fuheng.Risk analysis and early-warning methods for ill reservoir dams[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2006.(in Chinese))
[9]王长生,马福恒,何心望,等.基于物联网的燕山水库大坝智能巡检系统[J].水利水运工程学报,2014(2):48-53.(WANG Changsheng,MA Fuheng,HE Xinwang,et al.Intelligent inspection system for Yanshan reservoir dam based on the internet of things technology[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2014(2):48-53.(in Chinese))
[10]李子阳,郭丽,严中奇,等.旱涝急转条件下土石坝渗流特性分析与安全控制[J].水电能源科学,2015,33(11):49-51.(LI Ziyang,GUO Li,YAN Zhongqi,et al.Seepage characteristic analysis and safety control earth-eockfill dam under conditions of abrupt alternation of drought-flood[J].Water Resources and Power,2015,33(11):49-51.(in Chinese))
[11]王本德,周慧成.水库汛限水位动态控制理论与方法及其应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.(WANG Bende,ZHOU Huicheng.The theory and method of dynamic control of flood control water level of the reservoir and its application[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[12]马福恒,李子阳,张铭,等.基于结构风险的水库动态调度关键技术研究[R].南京:南京水利科学研究院,2015.(MA Fuheng,LI Ziyang,ZHANG Min,et al.Research on key technology of reservoir dynamic scheduling based on structure risk[R].Nanjing:Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,2015.(in Chinese))