基于多种水文学方法的干旱区内陆河流健康流量重构
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摘要
[目的]采用多种水文学方法重构叶尔羌河河流健康过程,以期为基于河流健康的生态调控提供科学依据。[方法]以新疆干旱内陆河流叶尔羌河为研究对象,选取卡群水文站1957—2015年逐月实测流量资料,基于叶尔羌河包括河流形态、水文条件、河流生态系统等河流修复目标,兼顾目标的功能需求性与可达性,将河流保护目标分为保守目标和最优目标,采用改进Tennant法、Texas法、月保证率法、河流输沙需水经验公式等水文学方法,重构叶尔羌河各时段健康流量过程。[结果](1)保守河流保护目标下枯水时段、平水时段和丰水时段的平均健康流量分别为4.93,13.35,80.49m~3/s,折算成水量依次为5.20×10~7,1.41×10~8,8.48×10~8 m~3。考虑输沙需水情况,年健康需水量为1.19×10~9 m~3。(2)最优河流保护目标下枯水时段、平水时段和丰水时段的健康流量分别为14.95,24.14,182.12m~3/s,折算成水量依次为1.56×10~8,2.54×10~8,1.92×10~9 m~3。考虑输沙需水情况,年健康需水量为2.33×10~9 m~3。[结论]通过对比相关文献、资料,认为基于多种水文学方法的干旱区内陆河流健康流量重构成果基本合理,可为后续河流健康的水资源调控界定和生态环境保护等方面提供科学指导。
[Objective]To reconstruct health process of the Yarkant River using various hydrological methods,in order to provide scientific basis for ecological regulation and control based on river health.[Methods]Monthly discharge data from the Kaqun hydrological station in Xinjiang Wei Autonomous Region from 1957 to 2015 were analyzed.Based on the river restoration targets including river morphology,hydrological condition,and health of the river ecosystem,considering the functional requirements and the accessibility,the river protection objectives were divided into conservative and optimal objectives.To reconstruct a healthy discharge pattern in the Yarkant River,the improved Tennant method,Texas method,the monthly guarantee rate method,and the water demand empirical formula for sediment transport were used.[Results](1) Under conservative river protection targets,healthy discharge during the low flow period,common flow period,and high flow period was 4.93,13.35,80.49 m~3/s,respectively,the discharge converted water volumes were 5.20×10~9,1.41×10~8,8.48×10~8 m~3,respectively.While the total annual water requirement for river health was 1.19×10~9 m~3,considering sediment transport demand.(2) Under optimal river protection targets,healthy discharge during the low flow period,common flow period,and high flow period was 14.95,24.14,182.12 m~3/s,respectively,and the outcome converted water volumes were 1.56×10~8,2.54×10~8,1.92×10~9 m~3,respectively.With the consideration of sediment transport demand,the annual water requirement for river health was 2.33×10~9 m~3.[Conclusion]In comparison with relevant literature and data,it is considered that the research results are reasonable,and it can provide scientific guidance for the river health and water resources regulations and ecological protection in future.
[Objective]To reconstruct health process of the Yarkant River using various hydrological methods,in order to provide scientific basis for ecological regulation and control based on river health.[Methods]Monthly discharge data from the Kaqun hydrological station in Xinjiang Wei Autonomous Region from 1957 to 2015 were analyzed.Based on the river restoration targets including river morphology,hydrological condition,and health of the river ecosystem,considering the functional requirements and the accessibility,the river protection objectives were divided into conservative and optimal objectives.To reconstruct a healthy discharge pattern in the Yarkant River,the improved Tennant method,Texas method,the monthly guarantee rate method,and the water demand empirical formula for sediment transport were used.[Results](1) Under conservative river protection targets,healthy discharge during the low flow period,common flow period,and high flow period was 4.93,13.35,80.49 m~3/s,respectively,the discharge converted water volumes were 5.20×10~9,1.41×10~8,8.48×10~8 m~3,respectively.While the total annual water requirement for river health was 1.19×10~9 m~3,considering sediment transport demand.(2) Under optimal river protection targets,healthy discharge during the low flow period,common flow period,and high flow period was 14.95,24.14,182.12 m~3/s,respectively,and the outcome converted water volumes were 1.56×10~8,2.54×10~8,1.92×10~9 m~3,respectively.With the consideration of sediment transport demand,the annual water requirement for river health was 2.33×10~9 m~3.[Conclusion]In comparison with relevant literature and data,it is considered that the research results are reasonable,and it can provide scientific guidance for the river health and water resources regulations and ecological protection in future.
引文
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[22]胡顺军.塔里木河干流流域生态-环境需水研究[D]陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[23]朱顺初.河南省干江河燕山水库工程下游河道最小生态环境需水量分析[J].治淮,2006(4):16-17.
[24]王均.叶尔羌河泥沙特征分析[J].黑龙江水利科技,2013,41(5):163-164.
[25]李靖.叶尔羌河流域水生态承载力研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2009.
[26]孙建光,韩桂兰.塔里木河流域干旱区绿洲河道生境生态水权及其计量研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(3):81-85.
[2]郑航,Langford J,程国栋.论变化环境下流域管理的知识创新[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(1):52-59.
[3]冯夏清,李剑辉.基于河流健康的浑河中下游河道生态需水量计算[J].中国农村水利水电,2017(9):118-121.
[4]左其亭,梁士奎.基于水文情势分析的闸控河流生态需水调控模型研究[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(12):70-76.
[5]高凡.高强度人类活动区河流健康评价与调控研究:以渭河关中段河流系统为例[D].西安:西安理工大学,2012.
[6]侯世文.基于多种水文学法分析大汶河干流生态基流[J].水文,2015,35(6):61-66.
[7]高凡,黄强,畅建霞.我国生态需水研究现状、面临挑战与未来展望[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(6):755-760.
[8]王西琴.河流生态需水理论、方法与应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.
[9]何萍,束龙仓,邓铭江,等.西北干旱区内陆河生态环境需水量研究[J].水电能源科学,2012,30(10):23-25,60.
[10]孙栋元,赵成义,魏恒,等.干旱内陆河流域平原区生态环境需水分析:以新疆自治区台兰河流域为例[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(4):82-88.
[11]高凡,孙晓懿,蓝利,等.基于可达最佳状态标准的叶尔羌河健康评价[J].人民黄河,2017,39(11):103-108,156.
[12]唐精,张剑云,任道泉.塔里木河流域的水质分析[J].水利渔业,2005,25(2):67-68.
[13]Tennant D L.Instream flow regimes for fish,wildlife,recreation and related environment resources[J].Fisheries,1976,1(4):6-10.
[14]贾宝全,慈龙骏.新疆生态用水量的初步估算[J].生态学报,2000,20(2):243-250.
[15]郑红星,刘昌明,丰华丽.生态需水的理论内涵探讨[J].水科学进展,2004,15(5):626-633.
[16]钟华平,刘恒,耿雷华,等.河道内生态需水估算方法及其评述[J].水科学进展,2006,17(3):430-434.
[17]于松延,徐宗学,武玮.基于多种水文学方法估算渭河关中段生态基流[J].北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,2013,49(S1):175-179.
[18]郑志宏,张泽中,黄强,等.生态需水量计算Tennant法的改进及应用[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2010,42(2):34-39,57.
[19]Matthews R C,Bao Y.The Texas method of preliminary instream flow determination[J].River.1991,2(4):295-310.
[20]吴喜军,李怀恩,董颖,等.基于基流比例法的渭河生态基流计算[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(10):154-159.
[21]杨志峰,张远.河道生态环境需水研究方法比较[J].水动力学研究与进展(A辑),2003,18(3):294-301.
[22]胡顺军.塔里木河干流流域生态-环境需水研究[D]陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[23]朱顺初.河南省干江河燕山水库工程下游河道最小生态环境需水量分析[J].治淮,2006(4):16-17.
[24]王均.叶尔羌河泥沙特征分析[J].黑龙江水利科技,2013,41(5):163-164.
[25]李靖.叶尔羌河流域水生态承载力研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2009.
[26]孙建光,韩桂兰.塔里木河流域干旱区绿洲河道生境生态水权及其计量研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(3):81-85.