不同种源枫香树幼苗生长性状的地理变异
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摘要
为明确不同阶段枫香树(Liquidambar formosana Hance)幼苗生长性状的差异,探索其生长性状的地理变异规律,采用方差分析、相关性分析和逐步回归分析对30个枫香树种源1年生幼苗的株高、地径和叶片形状因子进行研究。结果表明:枫香树幼苗的株高和地径在2015年4月至12月增长较快,在2015年12月至2016年3月增长缓慢。2016年3月,枫香树的株高和地径在种源间存在明显差异,且株高在种源间的差异大于地径。30个种源中,云南富宁、海南霸王岭和海南黎母山种源枫香树的株高较高;陕西宁强和陕西镇巴种源枫香树的株高居中,但这2个种源的耐寒性好,适于在北方地区种植。安徽霍山种源枫香树的地径最大。枫香树幼苗株高呈"西南—东北"递减的变化趋势,地径呈"南—北"递增的变化趋势,叶片形状因子呈"南—北"递减的变化趋势。30个枫香树种源幼苗株高、地径和叶片形状因子变异系数的均值分别为23.01%、19.35%和17.51%,种源内枫香树幼苗生长性状变异系数的均值为11.86%～25.43%。相关性分析结果显示:枫香树幼苗株高、地径和叶片形状因子与纬度、年均温、1月均温和无霜期呈极显著相关;株高还与经度和海拔呈极显著相关。逐步回归分析结果显示:影响枫香树幼苗株高、地径和叶片形状因子的主要地理-气候因子是1月均温、无霜期和海拔。研究结果显示:枫香树幼苗生长性状可以作为其种源地理区划和种质选择的依据。
In order to clarify the differences in growth traits of Liquidambar formosana Hance seedlings at different stages and explore its geographical variation law of growth traits, plant height, ground diameter, and leaf shape factor of one-year-old seedlings of 30 provenances of L. formosana were studied by using variance analysis, correlation analysis, and stepwise regression analysis. The results show that plant height and ground diameter of L. formosana seedlings increase relatively fast from April to December in 2015, and increase slowly from December in 2015 to March in 2016. In March in 2016, there are obvious differences in plant height and ground diameter of L. formosana among provenances, and the difference in plant height is higher than that in ground diameter among provenances. Among 30 provenances, plant height of L. formosana from Funing of Yunnan, Mt. Bawangling of Hainan, and Mt. Limushan of Hainan is relatively high; that from Ningqiang and Zhenba of Shaanxi is in the middle, but these two provenances have good cold tolerance, and are suitable for planting in northern area. Ground diameter of L. formosana from Huoshan of Anhui provenance is the largest. Plant height of L. formosana seedlings shows a variation tendency of decrease from southwest to northeast, ground diameter shows a variation tendency of increase from south to north, and leaf shape factor shows a variation tendency of decrease from south to north. Means of coefficients of variation of plant height, ground diameter, and leaf shape factor of L. formosana seedlings from 30 provenances are 23.01%, 19.35%, and 17.51%, respectively, while means of coefficients of variation of growth traits of L. formosana seedlings within provenance are 11.86%-25.43%. The correlation analysis result shows that plant height, ground diameter, and leaf shape factor of L. formosana seedlings show extremely significant correlations with latitude, annual mean temperature, mean temperature in January, and frostless period; plant height also shows extremely significant correlations with longitude and altitude. The stepwise regression analysis result shows that the main geographical-climatic factors affecting plant height, ground diameter and leaf shape factor of L. formosana seedlings are mean temperature in January, frostless period, and altitude. It is suggested that growth traits of L. formosana seedlings can be used for geographical division of provenance and germplasm selection of L. formosana.
In order to clarify the differences in growth traits of Liquidambar formosana Hance seedlings at different stages and explore its geographical variation law of growth traits, plant height, ground diameter, and leaf shape factor of one-year-old seedlings of 30 provenances of L. formosana were studied by using variance analysis, correlation analysis, and stepwise regression analysis. The results show that plant height and ground diameter of L. formosana seedlings increase relatively fast from April to December in 2015, and increase slowly from December in 2015 to March in 2016. In March in 2016, there are obvious differences in plant height and ground diameter of L. formosana among provenances, and the difference in plant height is higher than that in ground diameter among provenances. Among 30 provenances, plant height of L. formosana from Funing of Yunnan, Mt. Bawangling of Hainan, and Mt. Limushan of Hainan is relatively high; that from Ningqiang and Zhenba of Shaanxi is in the middle, but these two provenances have good cold tolerance, and are suitable for planting in northern area. Ground diameter of L. formosana from Huoshan of Anhui provenance is the largest. Plant height of L. formosana seedlings shows a variation tendency of decrease from southwest to northeast, ground diameter shows a variation tendency of increase from south to north, and leaf shape factor shows a variation tendency of decrease from south to north. Means of coefficients of variation of plant height, ground diameter, and leaf shape factor of L. formosana seedlings from 30 provenances are 23.01%, 19.35%, and 17.51%, respectively, while means of coefficients of variation of growth traits of L. formosana seedlings within provenance are 11.86%-25.43%. The correlation analysis result shows that plant height, ground diameter, and leaf shape factor of L. formosana seedlings show extremely significant correlations with latitude, annual mean temperature, mean temperature in January, and frostless period; plant height also shows extremely significant correlations with longitude and altitude. The stepwise regression analysis result shows that the main geographical-climatic factors affecting plant height, ground diameter and leaf shape factor of L. formosana seedlings are mean temperature in January, frostless period, and altitude. It is suggested that growth traits of L. formosana seedlings can be used for geographical division of provenance and germplasm selection of L. formosana.
引文
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[21] 王旭军,程勇,吴际友,等.红榉不同种源叶片形态性状变异[J].福建林学院学报,2013,33(3):284-288.
[22] 彭玉华,黄志玲,申文辉,等.台湾桤木引种的生长节律与生物量研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(6):7-12.
[23] 邝雷,邓小梅,陈思,等.4个任豆种源苗期生长节律的研究[J].华南农业大学学报,2014,35(5):98-101.
[24] 肖遥,楚秀丽,徐肇友,等.南方红豆杉2年生容器苗多点试验的生长节律家系变异[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(2):238-244.
[25] 舒枭,杨志玲,杨旭,等.不同种源厚朴叶片性状变异及幼苗生长量研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2009,25(4):19-25.
[26] 高张莹,张海峰,陈国平,等.核桃楸种群果核形态及地理变异[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(4):609-615.
[27] 任华东,姚小华.樟树种子性状产地表型变异研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2000,22(3):370-375.
[28] 叶志宏,施季森,翁玉榛,等.杉木地理种源变异模式[J].南京林业大学学报,1990,14(4):15-22.
[2] 郑健,胡增辉,郑勇奇,等.花楸树种源间表型性状的地理变异分析[J].植物资源与环境学报,2012,21(3):50-56.
[3] 李因刚,柳新红,马俊伟,等.浙江楠种群表型变异[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(12):1315-1324.
[4] 杨晓霞,冷平生,郑健,等.暴马丁香不同种源种子和幼苗的表型性状变异及其与地理-气候因子的相关性[J].植物资源与环境学报,2016,25(3):80-89.
[5] 刘志龙,虞木奎,马跃,等.不同种源麻栎种子和苗木性状地理变异趋势面分析[J].生态学报,2011,31(22):6796-6804.
[6] 李志芬,刘玮,周丹.不同种源欧洲花楸苗期试验[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(6):106-107.
[7] 李培,阙青敏,吴林瑛,等.红椿不同种源的苗期生长节律研究[J].华南农业大学学报,2017,38(1):96-102.
[8] OZDILEK A,CENGEL B,KANDEMIR G,et al.Molecular phylogeny of relict-endemic Liquidambar orientalis Mill based on sequence diversity of the chloroplast-encoded matK gene[J].Plant Systematics and Evolution,2012,298:337-349.
[9] 李芳芳,杨少宗,柳新红,等.枫香树DNA提取及SRAP-PCR反应体系的建立与优化[J].河南农业大学学报,2015,49(1):46-51,67.
[10] 靳高中,任华东,姚小华.滇西腾冲红花油茶天然居群种实表型性状变异分析[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(6):53-58.
[11] 刁松锋,邵文豪,姜景民,等.基于种实性状的无患子天然群体表型多样性研究[J].生态学报,2014,34(6):1451-1460.
[12] SUN R,LIN F,HUANG P,et al.Moderate genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in the relict tree Liquidambar formosana Hance revealed by genic simple sequence repeat markers[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2016,7:1411.
[13] 杜超群,许业洲,胡兴宜,等.枫香不同种源苗期生长差异研究[J].湖北林业科技,2009(5):17-20.
[14] 刘明宣,辜云杰,夏川,等.枫香地理种源变异与选择[J].四川林业科技,2014,35(5):13-16.
[15] 叶晓霞,徐肇友,王帮顺,等.不同枫香种源造林实验及优良种源选择[J].浙江林业科技,2013,33(2):71-74.
[16] 陈孝丑.枫香优树14年生子代遗传变异及选择[J].林业科学研究,2015,28(2):183-187.
[17] 王恒方,吕光辉,周耀治,等.不同水盐梯度下功能多样性和功能冗余对荒漠植物群落稳定性的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(23):7928-7937.
[18] 刘军,陈益泰,姜景民,等.香椿种源苗期性状变异与原产地生态因子典型相关分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(11):27-29.
[19] 何贵平,麻建强,骆文坚,等.刨花楠优树子代苗期性状变异研究[J].福建林学院学报,2012,32(3):243-245.
[20] 佘诚棋,杨万霞,方升佐,等.青钱柳种源间苗期性状变异分析[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(1):34-38.
[21] 王旭军,程勇,吴际友,等.红榉不同种源叶片形态性状变异[J].福建林学院学报,2013,33(3):284-288.
[22] 彭玉华,黄志玲,申文辉,等.台湾桤木引种的生长节律与生物量研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(6):7-12.
[23] 邝雷,邓小梅,陈思,等.4个任豆种源苗期生长节律的研究[J].华南农业大学学报,2014,35(5):98-101.
[24] 肖遥,楚秀丽,徐肇友,等.南方红豆杉2年生容器苗多点试验的生长节律家系变异[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(2):238-244.
[25] 舒枭,杨志玲,杨旭,等.不同种源厚朴叶片性状变异及幼苗生长量研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2009,25(4):19-25.
[26] 高张莹,张海峰,陈国平,等.核桃楸种群果核形态及地理变异[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(4):609-615.
[27] 任华东,姚小华.樟树种子性状产地表型变异研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2000,22(3):370-375.
[28] 叶志宏,施季森,翁玉榛,等.杉木地理种源变异模式[J].南京林业大学学报,1990,14(4):15-22.