《小雅·鹿鸣》与《诗经》中的燕飨诗
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摘要
《诗经》中有一定数量的燕飨诗,燕飨诗的产生与周代社会性质及周代礼乐文明有直接的关联。燕飨之礼只是手段,巩固政权才是目的。《鹿鸣》位于《小雅》开篇,是一首天子宴享群臣的燕飨诗。诗中有两个关键词需要注意,一是"嘉宾",一是"周行",不同解说反映出对诗义的不同理解。《鹿鸣》一诗的主旨,毛诗解为颂美诗,鲁诗解为讽刺诗,均包含一定的政治教化意义。古人对于《鹿鸣》诗义解说,体现出作诗义、用诗义、读诗义的差别。
The Book of Songs consists of a number of banquet poems whose origins share direct connections with the social property as well as the etiquette and music civilization of Zhou Dynasty. The etiquette of banquets is merely means,but consolidating the regime is the end. Lu Ming,the first poem in Xiao Ya is a banquet poem about Tian Zi banqueting his courtiers. Two key words need to be paid attention to,that is "Guests"and "Zhou Xing". Different interpretations reflect different comprehensions of the poem. The subject of Lu Ming is interpreted by Mao's Poetry as an anthem and Lu's Poetry as a satire,but both of which manifest certain sense of political indoctrination. The ancient interpretations of Lu Ming reflect the differences among composition,utilization and comprehension of the meanings of poetry.
The Book of Songs consists of a number of banquet poems whose origins share direct connections with the social property as well as the etiquette and music civilization of Zhou Dynasty. The etiquette of banquets is merely means,but consolidating the regime is the end. Lu Ming,the first poem in Xiao Ya is a banquet poem about Tian Zi banqueting his courtiers. Two key words need to be paid attention to,that is "Guests"and "Zhou Xing". Different interpretations reflect different comprehensions of the poem. The subject of Lu Ming is interpreted by Mao's Poetry as an anthem and Lu's Poetry as a satire,but both of which manifest certain sense of political indoctrination. The ancient interpretations of Lu Ming reflect the differences among composition,utilization and comprehension of the meanings of poetry.
引文
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[4](明)何楷.诗经世本古义.影印文渊阁四库全书本.
[5](清)方玉润.诗经原始[M].北京:中华书局,1986:328.
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[7](南宋)朱熹.诗集传[M].北京:中华书局,2011:130,130-131,131.
[8](明)梁寅.诗演义.影印文渊阁四库全书本.
[9](清)姚际恒.诗经通论[M].台北:广文书局,1971:173,173.
[10](明)朱朝瑛.读诗略记.影印文渊阁四库全书本.
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[12]刘毓庆,等.诗义稽考[M].北京:学苑出版社,2006:1690-1691.
[13](宋)李昉,等.太平御览.影印文渊阁四库全书本.
[14]王礼卿.四家诗恉会归[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2009:1053.
[15]陈子展.诗三百解题[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2001:601.
[16](清)陈启源.毛诗稽古编.影印文渊阁四库全书本.
[17](清)胡承珙.毛诗后笺.清道光刻本.
(1)2017年3月,复旦大学李若晖兄来中山大学讲学,讲题为《“忠臣尽心”还是“维贤是用”?---〈小雅·鹿鸣〉毛传、郑笺、孔疏平议》,于“嘉宾”、“周行”二词辨析甚详,颇有启发。本节之写作,亦受益于若晖兄讲座甚多,特此致谢!
[2]马银琴.两周诗史[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2006:213,215-216.
[3]李学勤.毛诗正义(十三经注疏标点本)[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1999:555,555,557,557,557,560,555,555.
[4](明)何楷.诗经世本古义.影印文渊阁四库全书本.
[5](清)方玉润.诗经原始[M].北京:中华书局,1986:328.
[6]李学勤.仪礼注疏(十三经注疏标点本)[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1999:272,272-273.
[7](南宋)朱熹.诗集传[M].北京:中华书局,2011:130,130-131,131.
[8](明)梁寅.诗演义.影印文渊阁四库全书本.
[9](清)姚际恒.诗经通论[M].台北:广文书局,1971:173,173.
[10](明)朱朝瑛.读诗略记.影印文渊阁四库全书本.
[11]李学勤.礼记正义(十三经注疏标点本)[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1999:1517.
[12]刘毓庆,等.诗义稽考[M].北京:学苑出版社,2006:1690-1691.
[13](宋)李昉,等.太平御览.影印文渊阁四库全书本.
[14]王礼卿.四家诗恉会归[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2009:1053.
[15]陈子展.诗三百解题[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2001:601.
[16](清)陈启源.毛诗稽古编.影印文渊阁四库全书本.
[17](清)胡承珙.毛诗后笺.清道光刻本.
(1)2017年3月,复旦大学李若晖兄来中山大学讲学,讲题为《“忠臣尽心”还是“维贤是用”?---〈小雅·鹿鸣〉毛传、郑笺、孔疏平议》,于“嘉宾”、“周行”二词辨析甚详,颇有启发。本节之写作,亦受益于若晖兄讲座甚多,特此致谢!