大学生的外显自尊和内隐自尊及自尊分离与就业焦虑的关系
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摘要
目的:探讨大学生的外显自尊、内隐自尊及自尊分离与其就业焦虑的关系。方法:选取116名大学生完成内隐自尊测量实验,并施测自尊量表(SES)和就业焦虑问卷(EAQ),获得内隐自尊、外显自尊和就业焦虑水平;另外选取80名大学生完成高内隐自尊启动实验、内隐自尊测量实验,获得高内隐自尊水平,并施测SES和EAQ。结果:内隐自尊及SES、EAQ得分分别为(159.5±81.2)、(2.4±0.7)、(3.2±0.9)。SES得分负向预测EAQ得分(β=-0.13)。高外显自尊时,内隐自尊得分负向预测EAQ得分(β<-0.01);低外显自尊时,内隐自尊得分正向预测EAQ得分(β=0.01);高内隐自尊时,SES得分负向预测EAQ得分(β=-0.06)。结论:大学生的外显自尊、内隐自尊与就业焦虑关系密切;自尊分离程度越低就业焦虑水平越低。
Objective:To investigate the relationship among explicit self-esteem,implicit self-esteem,discrepancy of self-esteem and employment anxiety in college students.Methods:Totally 116 college students were selected to complete the implicit self-esteem measurement experiment,and then completed the explicit self-esteem scale(SES) and the employment anxiety questionnaire(EAQ) to obtain the implicit self-esteem,explicit self-esteem,and employment anxiety levels.Eighty college students were re-selected to complete the high implicit self-esteem priming experiment and implicit self-esteem measurement experiment to achieve high implicit self-esteem levels,and SES and EAQ measurements were also completed.Results:The scores of implicit self-esteem,SES and EAQ were(159.5±81.2),(2.4±0.7) and(3.2±0.9).The SES scores negatively predicted the EAQ scores(β=-0.13,P<0.01).Implicit self-esteem scores negatively predicted the EAQ scores under high explicit self-esteem(β<-0.01).Under the low explicit self-esteem,the implicit self-esteem scores positively predicted the EAQ scores(β=0.01).Under the condition of high implicit self-esteem,the SES scores negatively predicted the EAQ scores(β=-0.06).Conclusion:The explicit self-esteem,implicit self-esteem,and employment anxiety may be closely related in college students.The lower the discrepancy of self-esteem is,the lower the employment anxiety is.
Objective:To investigate the relationship among explicit self-esteem,implicit self-esteem,discrepancy of self-esteem and employment anxiety in college students.Methods:Totally 116 college students were selected to complete the implicit self-esteem measurement experiment,and then completed the explicit self-esteem scale(SES) and the employment anxiety questionnaire(EAQ) to obtain the implicit self-esteem,explicit self-esteem,and employment anxiety levels.Eighty college students were re-selected to complete the high implicit self-esteem priming experiment and implicit self-esteem measurement experiment to achieve high implicit self-esteem levels,and SES and EAQ measurements were also completed.Results:The scores of implicit self-esteem,SES and EAQ were(159.5±81.2),(2.4±0.7) and(3.2±0.9).The SES scores negatively predicted the EAQ scores(β=-0.13,P<0.01).Implicit self-esteem scores negatively predicted the EAQ scores under high explicit self-esteem(β<-0.01).Under the low explicit self-esteem,the implicit self-esteem scores positively predicted the EAQ scores(β=0.01).Under the condition of high implicit self-esteem,the SES scores negatively predicted the EAQ scores(β=-0.06).Conclusion:The explicit self-esteem,implicit self-esteem,and employment anxiety may be closely related in college students.The lower the discrepancy of self-esteem is,the lower the employment anxiety is.
引文
[1] 段彩彬,刘春雷.就业焦虑与父母教养方式研究概述[J].牡丹江师范学院学报,2013,34(3):129-131.
[2] 曹杏田,张丽华.青少年情绪调节自我效能感和自我控制在自尊与攻击性的关系中的链式中介作用[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2018,32(7):574-579.
[3] Greenwald AG,Banaji MR.Implicit social cognition:attitudes,self-esteem and stereotypes[J].Psychol Rev,1995,102(1):4 27.
[4] 黄梅,李大林,陈维.自尊与大学毕业生就业焦虑的关系:基于Bootstrap法的SEM分析[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,36(2):96-100.
[5] Wu C.Unpacking the role of self-esteem in career uncertainty:a self-determination perspective[J].J Posit Psychol,2015,10(3):231-239.
[6] 孙红日,刘丹.大学生一般就业能力与自我效能的关系——自尊的中介效应检验[J].教育学术月刊,2014,30(10):83-86.
[7] Peterson JL,DeHart T.Regulating connection:implicit self-esteem predicts positive non-verbal behavior during romantic relationship-threat[J].J Exp Soc Psychol,2013,49(1):99-105.
[8] 乔玉玲,吴仁钢.自尊的不同类型与心理健康[J].精神医学杂志,2016,29(6):465-470.
[9] 常丽,杜建政.内隐自尊的功能:缓冲器,还是滤波器[J].心理科学,2007,30(4):1017-1019.
[10]Michael L,Chelsea E,Nathan T,et al.Self-esteem and narcissism:an item response theory analysis of curvilinearity[J].Pers Indiv Differ,2018,128(7):16-20.
[11]董江会,宁静,郭丽.抑郁症患者完美主义与自尊、内隐自尊的关系[J].中国神经精神疾病杂志,2015,42(2):82-86.
[12]Park JK,John DR.More than meets the eye:the influence of implicit and explicit self-esteem on materialism[J].J Consum Psychol,2011,21(1):73-87.
[13]段锦云,古晓花,孙露莹.外显自尊、内隐自尊及其分离对建议采纳的影响[J].心理学报,2016,48(4):371-384.
[14]季益富,于欣.自尊量表(Rosenberg M.The self-Esteem Scale)[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1999,(增刊):318-320.
[15]张玉柱,陈中永.高校毕业生择业焦虑问卷的初步编制[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2006,20(8):555-557.
[16]牛凯宁,郑满利.大学毕业生外显自尊、内隐自尊与职业决策困难的关系[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2017,25(1):68-72.
[17]张丽华,施国春,张一鸣.脆弱型高自尊高中生攻击性线索注意偏向[J].心理与行为研究,2016,14(1):36-41.
[18]段彩彬,刘春雷.大学生就业焦虑与父母教养方式、自我概念之关系[J].沈阳大学学报(社会科学版),2013,15(5):668-672.
[19]Owens TJ.Accentuate the positive-and the negative:rethinking the use of self-esteem,self-deprecation and self-confidence[J].Soc Psychol Quart,1993,56(4):288 299.
[20]张丽华,曹杏田.脆弱型高自尊研究:缘起、现状与展望[J].辽宁师范大学学报(社会科学版),2017,40(6):1-6.
[21]Choi B,Yang P,Lee E,et al.Understanding career decision self-efficacy:a meta-analytic approach[J].J Career Dev,2012,39(5):443-460.
[22]Cai H,Sedikides C,Gaertner L,et al.Tactical self-enhancement in China:is modesty at the service of self-enhancement in East Asian culture?[J].Soc Psychol Pers Sci,2011,2(1):59-64.
[2] 曹杏田,张丽华.青少年情绪调节自我效能感和自我控制在自尊与攻击性的关系中的链式中介作用[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2018,32(7):574-579.
[3] Greenwald AG,Banaji MR.Implicit social cognition:attitudes,self-esteem and stereotypes[J].Psychol Rev,1995,102(1):4 27.
[4] 黄梅,李大林,陈维.自尊与大学毕业生就业焦虑的关系:基于Bootstrap法的SEM分析[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,36(2):96-100.
[5] Wu C.Unpacking the role of self-esteem in career uncertainty:a self-determination perspective[J].J Posit Psychol,2015,10(3):231-239.
[6] 孙红日,刘丹.大学生一般就业能力与自我效能的关系——自尊的中介效应检验[J].教育学术月刊,2014,30(10):83-86.
[7] Peterson JL,DeHart T.Regulating connection:implicit self-esteem predicts positive non-verbal behavior during romantic relationship-threat[J].J Exp Soc Psychol,2013,49(1):99-105.
[8] 乔玉玲,吴仁钢.自尊的不同类型与心理健康[J].精神医学杂志,2016,29(6):465-470.
[9] 常丽,杜建政.内隐自尊的功能:缓冲器,还是滤波器[J].心理科学,2007,30(4):1017-1019.
[10]Michael L,Chelsea E,Nathan T,et al.Self-esteem and narcissism:an item response theory analysis of curvilinearity[J].Pers Indiv Differ,2018,128(7):16-20.
[11]董江会,宁静,郭丽.抑郁症患者完美主义与自尊、内隐自尊的关系[J].中国神经精神疾病杂志,2015,42(2):82-86.
[12]Park JK,John DR.More than meets the eye:the influence of implicit and explicit self-esteem on materialism[J].J Consum Psychol,2011,21(1):73-87.
[13]段锦云,古晓花,孙露莹.外显自尊、内隐自尊及其分离对建议采纳的影响[J].心理学报,2016,48(4):371-384.
[14]季益富,于欣.自尊量表(Rosenberg M.The self-Esteem Scale)[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1999,(增刊):318-320.
[15]张玉柱,陈中永.高校毕业生择业焦虑问卷的初步编制[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2006,20(8):555-557.
[16]牛凯宁,郑满利.大学毕业生外显自尊、内隐自尊与职业决策困难的关系[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2017,25(1):68-72.
[17]张丽华,施国春,张一鸣.脆弱型高自尊高中生攻击性线索注意偏向[J].心理与行为研究,2016,14(1):36-41.
[18]段彩彬,刘春雷.大学生就业焦虑与父母教养方式、自我概念之关系[J].沈阳大学学报(社会科学版),2013,15(5):668-672.
[19]Owens TJ.Accentuate the positive-and the negative:rethinking the use of self-esteem,self-deprecation and self-confidence[J].Soc Psychol Quart,1993,56(4):288 299.
[20]张丽华,曹杏田.脆弱型高自尊研究:缘起、现状与展望[J].辽宁师范大学学报(社会科学版),2017,40(6):1-6.
[21]Choi B,Yang P,Lee E,et al.Understanding career decision self-efficacy:a meta-analytic approach[J].J Career Dev,2012,39(5):443-460.
[22]Cai H,Sedikides C,Gaertner L,et al.Tactical self-enhancement in China:is modesty at the service of self-enhancement in East Asian culture?[J].Soc Psychol Pers Sci,2011,2(1):59-64.