泥石流作用下路基易损性模型试验研究
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摘要
[目的]采用模型试验研究泥石流对路基的冲淤作用规律,为泥石流作用下路基易损性的研究提供一定依据。[方法]以中巴公路K1561泥石流沟谷为研究原型,应用相似试验原理建立模型。根据原型沟谷设置试验条件,得到原型沟谷模型试验数据;然后又采用控制变量法进行6个因素共25组模型试验,以研究不同因素在泥石流作用下对公路路基的冲淤作用规律。[结果]原型沟谷模型试验数据与现场调查结果相吻合;流通区坡度、路基与泥石流出山口之间的距离、一次泥石流冲出物最大方量、泥石流重度和泥石流爆发频率5个因素对易损性的影响较为明显,泥石流主沟道与路基之间的夹角对路基易损性的影响不明显。[结论]5个因素对路基易损性有重要影响,可作为泥石流易损性评价中的重要评价指标。
[Objective]To provide a basis for studying the vulnerability of subgrade under the action of debris flow,model test is used to research the scouring and silting mechanism of the debris flow on the subgrade.[Methods]The debris flow gully in China-Pakistan K1561 highway was selected as the research prototype.A similar test model of the debris flow gully was built.Test data was obtained from the simulation of the prototype valley.The scouring and silting mechanism of highway subgrade was studied by control variate method,based on the model tests performed on 6 factors of 25 groups.[Results]The results of prototype gully model test were in good agreement with the field investigation results.Five factors,namely circulation area slope,the distance between the subgrade and the mountain pass,the maximum amount,the severity and the frequency of debris flow,showed obvious impacts on the subgrade vulnerability,while the influence of the angle between the main channel and the subgrade was not significant.[Conclusion]Five factors have important influences on subgrade vulnerability,and can be used as important evaluation indexes for debris flow vulnerability assessment.
[Objective]To provide a basis for studying the vulnerability of subgrade under the action of debris flow,model test is used to research the scouring and silting mechanism of the debris flow on the subgrade.[Methods]The debris flow gully in China-Pakistan K1561 highway was selected as the research prototype.A similar test model of the debris flow gully was built.Test data was obtained from the simulation of the prototype valley.The scouring and silting mechanism of highway subgrade was studied by control variate method,based on the model tests performed on 6 factors of 25 groups.[Results]The results of prototype gully model test were in good agreement with the field investigation results.Five factors,namely circulation area slope,the distance between the subgrade and the mountain pass,the maximum amount,the severity and the frequency of debris flow,showed obvious impacts on the subgrade vulnerability,while the influence of the angle between the main channel and the subgrade was not significant.[Conclusion]Five factors have important influences on subgrade vulnerability,and can be used as important evaluation indexes for debris flow vulnerability assessment.
引文
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[15]汪明武,金菊良,周玉良.集对分析耦合方法与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[2]江守一郎,郭廷伟,李安定.模型试验的理论和应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.
[3]王永强,张继春.相似试验在排土场滑坡泥石流研究中的应用[J].安全与环境学报,2013,19(5):195-198.
[4]陈洪凯,唐红梅,鲜学福.沟谷泥石流运动过程模型试验[J].自然灾害学报,2009,18(6):160-165.
[5]王协康,方铎.泥石流模型试验相似律分析[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2000,32(3):9-12.
[6]胡明鉴,汪稔.蒋家沟流域暴雨滑坡泥石流共生关系试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(5):824-828.
[7]徐林荣,王磊,苏志满.隧道工程遭受泥石流灾害的工程易损性评价[J].岩土力学,2010,31(7):2153-2158.
[8]刘希林,唐川,张松林.中国山区沟谷泥石流危险度的定量判定法[J].灾害学,1993,8(2):1-7.
[9]贾涛.成兰铁路松潘段泥石流灾害风险评估[D].成都:成都理工大学,2015.
[10]舒安平,张欣,唐川,等.不同坡度条件下非均质泥石流堆积过程与特征[J].水利学报,2013,44(11):1333-1337.
[11]徐挺.相似理论与模型试验[M].北京:农业机械出版社,1982.
[12]刘希林,唐川,陈明,等.泥石流危险范围的模型试验预测法[J].自然灾害学报,1993,2(3):67-73.
[13]何志虎.基于Fuzzy-AHP法的泥石流评价方法及其应用研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2012.
[14]Saaty T L.The analytic hierarchy process:Planning,priority setting,resource Allocation.McGraw-Hill,NY,USA[M]∥The Analytic Hierarchy Process:Planning,Priority Setting,Resource Allocation,1980.
[15]汪明武,金菊良,周玉良.集对分析耦合方法与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.