爆破应力波在构造带煤岩的传播规律及破坏特征
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摘要
针对煤矿井下爆破作业扰动到构造带煤岩体容易诱发煤与瓦斯突出事故的现实背景,根据爆破应力波在构造带煤岩的传播规律结合相似模拟实验和数值分析,研究应力波对构造带煤岩的损伤破坏特征及其对煤与瓦斯突出的影响作用机理。研究发现,爆破应力波从岩体传播到构造松软煤层时,在煤岩交界面发生了波的透射和反射;透射的压缩应力波作用于煤体,使煤层裂隙增加;反射的拉伸应力波反作用于岩体,使位于岩体内相应测点的应力值增大约1.1倍,在靠近松软煤体一侧的岩体内形成交叉网状裂纹,加大了岩体的破坏程度和破坏范围。构造松软煤体加强爆破应力波的反射拉伸和爆破振动的累积效应导致构造带煤岩交界面的煤岩体损伤严重,当煤岩体的强度不能抵抗瓦斯内能和煤岩体的弹性潜能时将会发生煤与瓦斯突出。
In terms of coal and gas outburst accidents frequently caused by blasting in geological structural belt,according to the propagation law of blasting stress wave in structural belt coal-rock,combined with simulation test and numerical simulation,the damage and failure rules of coal and rock in structural belt disturbed by blasting stress waves and their effects on coal and gas outbursts were studied.It is found that when the blasting hole enters into the soft coal seam from the rock layer,the stress wave will reflect and transmit at the interface of coal and rock. The transmitted compressive stress wave acts on the coal body which increases the seam crack,the reflected tensile stress wave reacts to the rock which causes the stress values of the corresponding measuring points in the rock increase by about 1. 1 times,the cross network cracks occur within the rock near the soft coal body,and increases the rock failure and damage extent.The soft coal bodies in tectonic zone will strengthen the reflection of blasting stress wave and with the cumulative effect of blasting vibration,which lead to the interface of coal and rock in the tectonic zone are seriously damaged.When the strength of coal and rock mass can not resist the internal energy of gas and the elastic potential of coal and rock mass,the outburst of coal and gas will occur.
In terms of coal and gas outburst accidents frequently caused by blasting in geological structural belt,according to the propagation law of blasting stress wave in structural belt coal-rock,combined with simulation test and numerical simulation,the damage and failure rules of coal and rock in structural belt disturbed by blasting stress waves and their effects on coal and gas outbursts were studied.It is found that when the blasting hole enters into the soft coal seam from the rock layer,the stress wave will reflect and transmit at the interface of coal and rock. The transmitted compressive stress wave acts on the coal body which increases the seam crack,the reflected tensile stress wave reacts to the rock which causes the stress values of the corresponding measuring points in the rock increase by about 1. 1 times,the cross network cracks occur within the rock near the soft coal body,and increases the rock failure and damage extent.The soft coal bodies in tectonic zone will strengthen the reflection of blasting stress wave and with the cumulative effect of blasting vibration,which lead to the interface of coal and rock in the tectonic zone are seriously damaged.When the strength of coal and rock mass can not resist the internal energy of gas and the elastic potential of coal and rock mass,the outburst of coal and gas will occur.
引文
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[16]胡世丽,王星光,王观石.子波传过软弱夹层的波形变化规律[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(4):1896-1902.HU Shili,WANG Xingguang,WANG Guanshi.Waveform change rule of wavelet propagation across soft interlayer[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(4):1 896-1902.
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[2]穆朝民,王海露,黄文尧,等.高瓦斯低透气性煤体定向聚能爆破增透机制[J].岩土力学,2013,34(9):2496-2500.MU Chaomin,WANG Hailu,HUANG Wenyao,et al.Increasing permeability mechanism using directional cumulative blasting in coal seams with high concentration of gas and low permeability[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(9):2496-2500.
[3]张超,林柏泉,周延,等.控制爆破致裂提高矿井瓦斯抽放率试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(S1):100-104.ZHANG Chao,LIN Baiquan,ZHOU Yan,et al.Application of multiseam metal jet directed pre-split blasting technology in gas extraction[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(S1):100-104.
[4]高魁,刘泽功,刘健,等.深孔爆破在深井坚硬复合顶板沿空留巷强制放顶中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(8):1588-1594.GAO Kui,LIU Zegong,LIU Jian,et al.Study on application of deep borehole blasting to gob-side entry retaining forced roof caving in hard and compound roof deep well[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(8):1588-1594.
[5]郭德勇,商登莹,吕鹏飞,等.深孔聚能爆破坚硬顶板弱化试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(7):1149-1153.GUO Deyong,SHANG Dengying,LPengfei,et al.Experimental research of deep-hole cumulative blasting in hard roof weakening[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(7):1149-1153.
[6]刘健,刘泽功,高魁,等.深孔爆破在综放开采坚硬顶煤预先弱化和瓦斯抽采中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(S1):3361-3367.LIU Jian,LIU Zegong,GAO Kui,et al.Application of deep borehole blasting to top-coalpre-weakening and gas extraction in fully mechanized caving[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(S1):3361-3367.
[7]刘健,刘泽功,石必明.低透气性突出煤层巷道快速掘进的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(8):827-831.LIU Jian,LIU Zegong,SHI Biming.Study on the roadway excavation rapidly in the low permeability outburst coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(8):827-831.
[8]张春华,刘泽功,徐涛,等.石门对掘揭开急倾斜煤层突出与爆破增透消突技术[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(1):85-88.ZHANG Chunhua,LIU Zegong,XU Tao,et al.Coal and gas outburst in steep inclined coal seam uncovered by two reverse drifts and technology of outburst elimination by increasing permeability with blasting[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(1):85-88.
[9]国家安全生产监督管理总局和国家煤矿安全监察局网站事故查调查处理[EB/OL].http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/newpage/zwgk/tdsgdccl/zwgk_tdsgdccl_lm.htm,2015-08-15.
[10]陈建平,高文学,陶连金.爆破工程地质控制论[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(5):616-619.CHEN Jianping,GAO Wenxue,TAO Lianjin.Theory of rock blasting control in geology engineering[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2006,14(5):616-619.
[11]常未斌,樊少武,张浪,等.基于爆炸应力波和构造煤带孕育煤与瓦斯突出危险状态的模型[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(11):2226-2231.CHANG Weibin,FAN Shaowu,ZHANG Lang,et al.A model based on explosive stress wave and tectonic coal zone which gestate dangerous state of coal and gas outburst[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(11):2226-2231.
[12]闫江伟,张小兵,张子敏.煤与瓦斯突出地质控制机理探讨[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(7):1174-1178.YAN Jiangwei,ZHANG Xiaobing,ZHANG Zimin.Research on geological control mechanism of coal-gas outburst[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(7):1174-1178.
[13]张子敏,张玉贵.大平煤矿特大型煤与瓦斯突出瓦斯地质分析[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(2):137-140.ZHANG Zimin,ZHANG Yugui.Investigation into coal-gas outburst occurred in Daping Coal Mine,by using theories of gas-geology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2005,30(2):137-140.
[14]孙重旭,孔凡正.炮采炮掘工作面煤与瓦斯突出的特点与防治[J].煤炭工程师,1998,25(3):19-22.SUN Zhongxu,KONG Fanzheng.The characteristics and prevention of coal and gas outburst in blasting mining face[J].Coal Engineer,1998,25(3):19-22.
[15]穆朝民,齐娟.爆炸荷载作用下煤体裂纹扩展机理模型实验研究[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(13):58-61.MU Chaomin,QI Juan.Model investigation on cracks propagation in coal under blast loading[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(13):58-61.
[16]胡世丽,王星光,王观石.子波传过软弱夹层的波形变化规律[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(4):1896-1902.HU Shili,WANG Xingguang,WANG Guanshi.Waveform change rule of wavelet propagation across soft interlayer[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(4):1 896-1902.
[17]穆朝民,宫能平.煤体在冲击荷载作用下的损伤机制[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(8):2011-2018.MU Chaomin,GONG Nengping.Damage mechanism of coal under impact loads[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(8):2011-2018.
[18]虎维岳,李静,王寿全.瓦斯在煤基多孔介质中运移及煤与瓦斯突出机理[J].煤田地质与勘探,2009,37(4):6-14.HU Weiyue,LI Jing,WANG Shouquan.The flowing and outburst mechanism of gas in coal-based pore and fractured medium[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2009,37(4):6-14.