调控东亚飞蝗体温的主要环境因子分析
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摘要
为明确东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis体温在常年发生区与环境因子之间的关系,于2015—2016年采用直接抓取和网捕方法在天津市北大港蝗区捕捉东亚飞蝗的秋蝗和夏蝗,测量其瞬时体温以及周围4类8个环境指标,应用因子分析法评价东亚飞蝗体温与环境因子的关系。结果表明,东亚飞蝗白天体温比夜间高,平均体温高于26.5℃;且体温在白天出现2次高峰,分别是上午11点左右的49.0℃和下午14点左右的47.2℃。无论是夏蝗还是秋蝗,其体温均随着龄期增加呈现上升趋势,2～5龄蝗蝻、成虫的平均体温依次为36.9、37.0、37.6、37.2、38.0℃。因子分析结果表明,植被冠层温度是影响飞蝗体温的关键因子,飞蝗所处地面温度对其体温影响最大;风速和植株高度是影响飞蝗体温的重要分因子;植株高度与体温成负相关。表明植被冠层温度与东亚飞蝗的体温变化最为密切。
To elicit the relationship between the body temperature of oriental migratory locust Locusta migratoria manilensis and environmental factors in its natural breeding region, the instantaneous body temperature of L. m. migratoria and eight ambient factors were investigated and detected using hand-or sweep-net captured second to fifth instars, and adult L. m. manilensis. The results showed that body temperatures of L. m. manilensis were higher in the daytime than in the evening at all tested stages.The average body temperature of L. m. manilensis was above 26.5℃. The two highest peaks of body temperature occurred in the daytime: 49.0℃ at about 11 am, and 47.2℃ at about 2 pm. The body temperatures of nymphs increased with age. The average temperatures of 2nd-5th instars and adult were36.9, 37.0, 37.6, 37.2, 38.0℃, respectively. Factor analysis indicated that temperatures of plant canopy exert the principal effect on locust body temperature, especially the ground temperature. Wind speed and plant height were the second-most important factors with plant heights showing an inverse relationship with locust body temperature. This study disclosed the strongly relationship between temperatures of plant canopy and the locust body temperature.
To elicit the relationship between the body temperature of oriental migratory locust Locusta migratoria manilensis and environmental factors in its natural breeding region, the instantaneous body temperature of L. m. migratoria and eight ambient factors were investigated and detected using hand-or sweep-net captured second to fifth instars, and adult L. m. manilensis. The results showed that body temperatures of L. m. manilensis were higher in the daytime than in the evening at all tested stages.The average body temperature of L. m. manilensis was above 26.5℃. The two highest peaks of body temperature occurred in the daytime: 49.0℃ at about 11 am, and 47.2℃ at about 2 pm. The body temperatures of nymphs increased with age. The average temperatures of 2nd-5th instars and adult were36.9, 37.0, 37.6, 37.2, 38.0℃, respectively. Factor analysis indicated that temperatures of plant canopy exert the principal effect on locust body temperature, especially the ground temperature. Wind speed and plant height were the second-most important factors with plant heights showing an inverse relationship with locust body temperature. This study disclosed the strongly relationship between temperatures of plant canopy and the locust body temperature.
引文
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Huang XP,Li W,Wan JB,Ke Y,Hong T,Xie YL,Chen XT.2015.The comprehensive evaluation about algal growth adaptability in swine wastewater based on factor analysis of SPSS software.Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Natural Science),39(1):94-100(in Chinese)[黄学平,李薇,万金保,柯颖,洪涛,谢友林,陈孝挺.2015.基于SPSS因子分析的养猪废水中藻生长适应性综合评价.江西师范大学学报(自然版),39(1):94-100]
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Lactin DJ,Johnson DL.1998.Convective heat loss and change in body temperature of grasshopper and locust nymphs:relative importance of wind speed,insect size and insect orientation.Journal of Thermal Biology,23(1):5-13
Li G.2008.An Infegrated study on record characteristics and environmental significance of locust plagues in China during the historical period.Ph.D Thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University.(in Chinese)[李钢.2008.历史时期中国蝗灾记录特征及其环境意义集成研究.博士学位论文.兰州:兰州大学]
Li ZG,Tian FW.2010.Analysis the influence of rainfall on Locust migratoria manilensis plague.Agricultural Technical Services,27(3):379-380(in Chinese)[李振国,田方文.2010.降雨对东亚飞蝗发生的影响探析.农技服务,27(3):379-380]
Liu L,Guo AH.2004.Analysis of meteorological and ecological conditions of grasshopper infestation in Inner Mongolia in 2004.Acta Meteorologica Sinica,30(11):55-57(in Chinese)[刘玲,郭安红.2004.2004年内蒙古草原蝗虫大发生的气象生态条件分析.气象学报,30(11):55-57]
Liu ZB,Shi XZ,Warner E,Ge YJ,Yu DS,Ni SX,Wang HJ.2008.Relationship between oriental migratory locust plague and soil moisture extracted from MODIS data.International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,10(1):84-91
Lu FP,Zhao DX,Ma EB.2006.Grasshopper research in Hainan Island:status and perspectives.Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,26(1):53-59(in Chinese)[卢芙萍,赵冬香,马恩波.2006.海南岛蝗虫研究现状与展望.热带农业科学,26(1):53-59]
Quinlan MC,Hadley NF.1993.Gas exchange,ventilatory patterns and water loss in two lubber grasshoppers:quantifying cuticular and respiratory transpiration.Physiological Zoology,66:628-642
Ren JL,Zhao L,Zhao Y,Ge J.2015.A preliminary study on temperature tolerance ability of Calliptamus italicus.Pratacultural Science,32(2):274-280(in Chinese)[任金龙,赵莉,赵炎,葛婧.2015.意大利蝗对温度耐受力的初探.草业科学,32(2):274-280]
Roy DB,Sparks TH.2000.Phenology of British butterflies and climate change.Global Change Biology,6:407-416
Thomas MB,Blanford S.2003 Thermal biology in insect-parasite interactions[Review].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,18(7):344-350
Tu XB,Gao S,Yasen·Shali,Nong XQ,Wang GJ,Zhang ZH.2010.Effects on eating and food utilization efficiency of Locusta migratoria manilensis at different temperatures.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,47(4):690-693(in Chinese)[涂雄兵,高松,牙森·沙力,农向群,王广君,张泽华.2010.温度对东亚飞蝗取食影响及其食物利用效率研究.昆虫知识,47(4):690-693]
Wang XJ,Lai JQ,Lu YH,Li DS,Zhou JH,Wang JW.2008.Main source of soil heavy metal pollution based on factor analysis in Taiyuan.Ecology and Environment,17(2):671-676(in Chinese)[王雄军,赖健清,鲁艳红,李德胜,周继华,王建武.2008.基于因子分析法研究太原市土壤重金属污染的主要来源.生态环境,17(2):671-676]
Wang ZX,Chen YL.1989.The influence of environmental temperature and humidity on the body temperature and water content of Chorthippus dubius(ZUB).Acta Ecologica Sinica,32(3):278-285(in Chinese)[王智翔,陈永林.1989.环境温湿度对狭翅雏蝗体温与含水量的影响.昆虫学报,32(3):278-285]
Woods HA.2013.Ontogenetic changes in the body temperature of an insect herbivore.Functional Ecology,27(6):1322-1331
Yao JM.2007.Thermoregulation ability of Locusta migratoria manilensis and its effect on pathogenesis of M.anisopliae.Master Thesis.Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forest University(in Chinese)[姚君明.2007.东亚飞蝗体温调节特性及其对绿僵菌致病性影响的研究.硕士学位论文.福州:福建农林大学]
Yue M,Lei ZR,Zhu BZ,Yao JM.2009.High temperature tolerance and thermoregulation behavior of the oriental migratory locust,Locust migratoria manilensis(Orthoptera:Acrididae).Acta Entomologica Sinica,52(10):1103-1109(in Chinese)[岳梅,雷仲仁,朱彬洲,姚君明.2009.东亚飞蝗耐高温能力及其体温调节行为.昆虫学报,52(10):1103-1109]
Brader L,Djibo H,Faye FG,Ghaout S,Lazar M,Luzietoso PN,Ould Babah MN.2006.Towards a more effective response to desert locustsand their impacts on food insecurity,livelihoods and poverty:multilateral evaluation of the 2003-2005 desert locust campaign.Rome:FAO
Cai WZ,Pang XF,Hua BZ,Liang GW,Song DL.2001.General entomology.Beijing:China Agricultural University Publishing House,pp.391-400(in Chinese)[彩万志,庞雄飞,花保祯,梁广文,宋敦伦.2001.普通昆虫学.北京:中国农业大学出版社,pp.391-400]
Costa H,Medeiros V,Azevedo EB,Silva L.2013.Evaluating ecological-niche factor analysis as a modelling tool for environmental weed management in island systems.Weed Research,53(3):221-230
Fan CB,Dou CC,Tian CJ,Zheng YQ,Wu HL,Gao XY,Dou Y,Liu SF,Yao QF,Wu FH.2010.Control of biological pesticide technology research and application of the Locusta migratoria manilensis on Dagang district.Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,16(4):97(in Chinese)[范春斌,窦崇财,田翠杰,郑艳芹,吴华丽,高相艳,窦艳,刘树发,姚庆峰,吴福海.2010.大港区东亚飞蝗生物农药防治技术研究及示范应用.安徽农学通报,16(4):97]
Guan LJ,Tong SH.2016.The occurrence and integrated control of locusts in the Qapqal County.China Agricultural Information,(3):156(in Chinese)[关丽菊,佟淑红.2016.察布查尔县蝗虫的发生与综合防治.中国农业信息,(3):156]
Huang C,Liu WC.2016.Locusts occurrence characteristics analysis and monitoring for nearly 10 years in China.China Plant Protection,36(12):49-54(in Chinese)[黄冲,刘万才.2016.近10年我国飞蝗发生特点分析与监控建议.中国植保导刊,36(12):49-54]
Huang XP,Li W,Wan JB,Ke Y,Hong T,Xie YL,Chen XT.2015.The comprehensive evaluation about algal growth adaptability in swine wastewater based on factor analysis of SPSS software.Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Natural Science),39(1):94-100(in Chinese)[黄学平,李薇,万金保,柯颖,洪涛,谢友林,陈孝挺.2015.基于SPSS因子分析的养猪废水中藻生长适应性综合评价.江西师范大学学报(自然版),39(1):94-100]
Lactin DJ,Johnson DL.1997.Response of body temperature to solar radiation in restrained nymphal migratory grasshoppers(Orthoptera:Acrididae):influences of orientation and body size.Physiological Entomology,22(2):131-139
Lactin DJ,Johnson DL.1998.Convective heat loss and change in body temperature of grasshopper and locust nymphs:relative importance of wind speed,insect size and insect orientation.Journal of Thermal Biology,23(1):5-13
Li G.2008.An Infegrated study on record characteristics and environmental significance of locust plagues in China during the historical period.Ph.D Thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University.(in Chinese)[李钢.2008.历史时期中国蝗灾记录特征及其环境意义集成研究.博士学位论文.兰州:兰州大学]
Li ZG,Tian FW.2010.Analysis the influence of rainfall on Locust migratoria manilensis plague.Agricultural Technical Services,27(3):379-380(in Chinese)[李振国,田方文.2010.降雨对东亚飞蝗发生的影响探析.农技服务,27(3):379-380]
Liu L,Guo AH.2004.Analysis of meteorological and ecological conditions of grasshopper infestation in Inner Mongolia in 2004.Acta Meteorologica Sinica,30(11):55-57(in Chinese)[刘玲,郭安红.2004.2004年内蒙古草原蝗虫大发生的气象生态条件分析.气象学报,30(11):55-57]
Liu ZB,Shi XZ,Warner E,Ge YJ,Yu DS,Ni SX,Wang HJ.2008.Relationship between oriental migratory locust plague and soil moisture extracted from MODIS data.International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,10(1):84-91
Lu FP,Zhao DX,Ma EB.2006.Grasshopper research in Hainan Island:status and perspectives.Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,26(1):53-59(in Chinese)[卢芙萍,赵冬香,马恩波.2006.海南岛蝗虫研究现状与展望.热带农业科学,26(1):53-59]
Quinlan MC,Hadley NF.1993.Gas exchange,ventilatory patterns and water loss in two lubber grasshoppers:quantifying cuticular and respiratory transpiration.Physiological Zoology,66:628-642
Ren JL,Zhao L,Zhao Y,Ge J.2015.A preliminary study on temperature tolerance ability of Calliptamus italicus.Pratacultural Science,32(2):274-280(in Chinese)[任金龙,赵莉,赵炎,葛婧.2015.意大利蝗对温度耐受力的初探.草业科学,32(2):274-280]
Roy DB,Sparks TH.2000.Phenology of British butterflies and climate change.Global Change Biology,6:407-416
Thomas MB,Blanford S.2003 Thermal biology in insect-parasite interactions[Review].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,18(7):344-350
Tu XB,Gao S,Yasen·Shali,Nong XQ,Wang GJ,Zhang ZH.2010.Effects on eating and food utilization efficiency of Locusta migratoria manilensis at different temperatures.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,47(4):690-693(in Chinese)[涂雄兵,高松,牙森·沙力,农向群,王广君,张泽华.2010.温度对东亚飞蝗取食影响及其食物利用效率研究.昆虫知识,47(4):690-693]
Wang XJ,Lai JQ,Lu YH,Li DS,Zhou JH,Wang JW.2008.Main source of soil heavy metal pollution based on factor analysis in Taiyuan.Ecology and Environment,17(2):671-676(in Chinese)[王雄军,赖健清,鲁艳红,李德胜,周继华,王建武.2008.基于因子分析法研究太原市土壤重金属污染的主要来源.生态环境,17(2):671-676]
Wang ZX,Chen YL.1989.The influence of environmental temperature and humidity on the body temperature and water content of Chorthippus dubius(ZUB).Acta Ecologica Sinica,32(3):278-285(in Chinese)[王智翔,陈永林.1989.环境温湿度对狭翅雏蝗体温与含水量的影响.昆虫学报,32(3):278-285]
Woods HA.2013.Ontogenetic changes in the body temperature of an insect herbivore.Functional Ecology,27(6):1322-1331
Yao JM.2007.Thermoregulation ability of Locusta migratoria manilensis and its effect on pathogenesis of M.anisopliae.Master Thesis.Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forest University(in Chinese)[姚君明.2007.东亚飞蝗体温调节特性及其对绿僵菌致病性影响的研究.硕士学位论文.福州:福建农林大学]
Yue M,Lei ZR,Zhu BZ,Yao JM.2009.High temperature tolerance and thermoregulation behavior of the oriental migratory locust,Locust migratoria manilensis(Orthoptera:Acrididae).Acta Entomologica Sinica,52(10):1103-1109(in Chinese)[岳梅,雷仲仁,朱彬洲,姚君明.2009.东亚飞蝗耐高温能力及其体温调节行为.昆虫学报,52(10):1103-1109]