卷烟烟气中7种香韵特征赋予组群的筛查
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摘要
为阐明卷烟烟气中具有焦甜香、酸香、果香、辛香、坚果香、花香和甜香等香韵的特征赋予化合物,筛查了雷诺烟草公司在烟草制品中评价的1 079种香料单体以及Leffingwell等评价的74种焦甜香、果香、坚果香和花香香气成分,确定了卷烟烟气7种香韵的特征赋予组群。通过查阅文献,得到了卷烟烟气香气成分的觉察阈值数据,并得到了部分香气成分的卷烟烟气释放量数据。特征赋予组群的确定依据卷烟烟气香气成分的主香韵特征以及2013年Rodgman等统计的烟草烟气化学成分名单。结果显示:(1)7种特征赋予组群含有的香气成分数量分别为13、6、25、12、14、22、26种。(2)具有焦甜香、酸香、坚果香和花香的香气成分具有较为完备的觉察阈值,同时也是定量分析中被测定较多的烟气成分。将这些香韵的特征赋予组群与对应的觉察阈值、单支浓度等数据相结合,有助于深入了解卷烟烟气的化学气味编码。
In order to clarify the character impact groups of aroma components with burnt-sugar, acidic, fruity,spicy, nutty, floral and sweet notes in cigarette smoke, 1 079 flavoring chemicals evaluated in cigarette smoke listed by R. J. Reynolds as well as 74 flavoring substances with burnt-sugar, fruity, nutty and floral notes characterized by Leffingwell et al. were screened. Seven character impact groups of aroma components in cigarette smoke were determined. The detection threshold values as well as contents per cigarette for these aroma compounds were obtained via published literature. The inclusion criteria were based on main notes of cigarette smoke flavorants as well as the chemical components of tobacco and cigarette smoke as published in2013 by Rodgman et al. The results showed that:1)13, 6, 25, 12, 14, 22, 26 aroma compounds were respectively included in the seven character impact groups in terms of their odor notes. 2)Threshold determination and quantitative analysis of aroma components with burnt-sugar, acidic, nutty and floral notes had been investigated. Combined with the detection thresholds in cigarette smoke and concentrations per cigarette,these character impact groups will provide insights into the sensory codes of cigarette smoke.
In order to clarify the character impact groups of aroma components with burnt-sugar, acidic, fruity,spicy, nutty, floral and sweet notes in cigarette smoke, 1 079 flavoring chemicals evaluated in cigarette smoke listed by R. J. Reynolds as well as 74 flavoring substances with burnt-sugar, fruity, nutty and floral notes characterized by Leffingwell et al. were screened. Seven character impact groups of aroma components in cigarette smoke were determined. The detection threshold values as well as contents per cigarette for these aroma compounds were obtained via published literature. The inclusion criteria were based on main notes of cigarette smoke flavorants as well as the chemical components of tobacco and cigarette smoke as published in2013 by Rodgman et al. The results showed that:1)13, 6, 25, 12, 14, 22, 26 aroma compounds were respectively included in the seven character impact groups in terms of their odor notes. 2)Threshold determination and quantitative analysis of aroma components with burnt-sugar, acidic, nutty and floral notes had been investigated. Combined with the detection thresholds in cigarette smoke and concentrations per cigarette,these character impact groups will provide insights into the sensory codes of cigarette smoke.
引文
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[8]朱浩,柴国璧,迟广俊,等.卷烟主流烟气烟熏香成分的感官导向分析[J].烟草科技,2017,50(1):41-49.ZHU Hao,CHAI Guobi,CHI Guangjun,et al.Sensory-oriented analysis of smoky components in mainstream cigarette smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2017,50(1):41-49.
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[17]Sakuma H,Shimojima N,Sugawara S.Carbonyl compound composition of cellulose cigarette smoke condensate[J].Agricultural and Biological Chemistry,1978,42(2):359-363.
[18]Sakuma H,Sugawara S.Composition of the watersoluble portion of cellulose cigarette smoke condensate[J].Agricultural and Biological Chemistry,1979,43(7):1585-1589.
[19]Ishiguro S,Sugawara S.Comparisons of smoke components in the semivolatile phase from lamina and midrib cigarettes of flue-cured tobacco leaves[J].Agricultural and Biological Chemistry,1978,42(8):1527-1531.
[20]Matsushima S,Lshiguro S,Sugawara S.Composition studies on some varieties of tobacco and their smoke:I.Major components in smoke condensate[J].Beitr?ge zur Tabakforschung International,1979,10(1):31-38.
[21]Matsukura M,Takahashi K,Kawamoto M,et al.Comparison of roasted tobacco volatiles with tobacco essential oil and cigarette smoke condensate[J].Agricultural and Biological Chemistry,1985,49(3):711-718.
[22]蔡君兰,赵明月,陈勇,等.卷烟主流烟气和侧流烟气中半挥发性成分的分析研究[J].中国烟草学报,2003,9(4):1-11.CAI Junlan,ZHAO Mingyue,CHEN Yong,et al.Analysis of semi-volatile components in mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2003,9(4):1-11.
[23]韩冰,蔡君兰,王冰,等.部分国内外卷烟主流烟气气相和粒相中挥发性、半挥发性化合物的分析[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(4):1-7.HAN Bing,CAI Junlan,WANG Bing,et al.Analysis of volatile and semi-volatile components in both gas and particulate phase mainstream cigarette smoke with domestic and foreign made cigarette[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2011,17(4):1-7.
[24]韩冰,刘惠民,谢复炜,等.卷烟主流烟气中挥发和半挥发性成分分析[J].烟草科技,2009(10):32-40.HAN Bing,LIU Huimin,XIE Fuwei,et al.Analysis of volatile and semi-volatile components in mainstream cigarette smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2009(10):32-40.
[25]Elmenhorst H.Determination of methylcyclopentenolone and ethylcyclopentenolone in cigarette smoke and Latakia tobacco[J].Beitr?ge zur Tabakforschung International,1972,6(5):205-209.
[26]Sakuma H,Kusama M,Ishiguro S,et al.Organic acid composition of cellulose cigarette smoke condensate[J].Agricultural and Biological Chemistry,1976,40(10):2021-2025.
[27]Smith C J,Hansch C.The relative toxicity of compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke condensate[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2000,38(7):637-646.
[28]张迎春,郭国宁,岳海波,等.卷烟主流烟气气相物和总粒相物中有机酸的分析研究[J].分析科学学报,2010,26(5):567-571.ZHANG Yingchun,GUO Guoning,YUE Haibo,et al.Study on organic acid in gas phase and total particulate matter of mainstream cigarette smoke[J].Journal of Analytical Science,2010,26(5):567-571.
[29]鲁喜梅,谢复炜,刘晖,等.卷烟主流烟气总粒相物中挥发性和半挥发性有机酸的分析[J].烟草科技,2006(6):24-29,64.LU Ximei,XIE Fuwei,LIU Hui,et al.Analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic acids in TPM of mainstream cigarette smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2006(6):24-29,64.
[30]姬厚伟,张丽,满杰,等.振荡萃取-GC/MS法测定卷烟主流烟气总粒相物中的14种挥发性有机酸[J].烟草科技,2015,48(9):33-39.JI Houwei,ZHANG Li,MAN Jie,et al.Determination of fourteen volatile organic acids in total particulate matters in mainstream cigarette smoke by shaking extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2015,48(9):33-39.
[31]廖惠云,朱龙杰,庄亚东,等.气相色谱-质谱联用法测定卷烟主流烟气中的丁香酚[J].烟草科技,2013(9):68-71,81.LIAO Huiyun,ZHU Longjie,ZHUANG Yadong,et al.Determination of eugenol in mainstream cigarette smoke by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2013(9):68-71,81.
[32]Baker R R,Massey E D,Smith G.An overview of the effects of tobacco ingredients on smoke chemistry and toxicity[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2004,42(S):S53-S83.
[33]Mookherjee B D,Wilson R A.Tobacco constituents-their importance in flavor and fragrance chemistry[J].Perfumer and Flavorist,1990,15:27-49.
[2]Patton S,Josephson D V.A method for determining significance of volatile flavor compounds in foods[J].Journal of Food Science,1957,22(3):316-318.
[3]Leffingwell J C,Leffingwell D L.GRAS flavor chemicals-detection thresholds[J].Perfumer&Flavorist,1991,16(1):1-19.
[4]Dunkel A,Steinhaus M,Kotthoff M,et al.Nature’s chemical signatures in human olfaction:a foodborne perspective for future biotechnology[J].Angewandte Chemie International Edition,2014,53(28):7124-7143.
[5]Rodgman A,Perfetti T A.The chemical components of tobacco and tobacco smoke[M].Boca Raton:CRCPress,2013.
[6]Rodgman A,Green C R.Toxic chemicals in cigarette mainstream smoke-hazard and hoopla[J].Beitr?ge zur Tabakforschung International,2003,20(8):481-545.
[7]张启东,刘俊辉,柴国璧,等.主流烟气粒相物水溶性组分中烤甜香成分分析[J].烟草科技,2014(6):54-59.ZHANG Qidong,LIU Junhui,CHAI Guobi,et al.Analysis of components with roasted sweet aroma in water-soluble portion of mainstream cigarette smoke particulate matter[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2014(6):54-59.
[8]朱浩,柴国璧,迟广俊,等.卷烟主流烟气烟熏香成分的感官导向分析[J].烟草科技,2017,50(1):41-49.ZHU Hao,CHAI Guobi,CHI Guangjun,et al.Sensory-oriented analysis of smoky components in mainstream cigarette smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2017,50(1):41-49.
[9]Leffingwell J C,Young H J,Bernasek E.Tobacco flavoring for smoking products[R].Winston-Salem:R.J.Reynolds Tobacco Company,1972.
[10]Leffingwell&Associates.Flavor-base[EB/OL].[2018-04-02].http://www.leffingwell.com/reviews.htm.
[11]Van Gemert L J.Odour thresholds:compilations of odour threshold values in air,water and other media[M].Houten:Oliemans Punter&Partners BV,2011.
[12]Davis D L,Nielsen M T.Tobacco:production,chemistry and technology[M].Oxford:Blackwell Science Ltd.,1999.
[13]Elmenhorst H.The identification of maltol in cigarette smoke/Nachweis von maltol in cigarettenrauch[J].Beitr?ge zur Tabakforschung International,1971,6(2):70-73.
[14]Von Elmenhorst H,Nicolaus G.Dihydro-γ-pyrone im tabakrauch:nachwels von 2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-on in Rauch von cigaretten aus burley-,Virginia-und Orienttabaken[J].Beitr?ge zur Tabakforschung International,1979,10(1):39-47.
[15]Coleman W M.Gas chromatographic-selected ion monitoring-mass spectrometric determination of cigarette mainstream smoke components with sensory attributes[J].Beitr?ge zur Tabakforschung International,2004,21(3):175-183.
[16]Hoffmann D,Hoffmann I,El-Bayoumy K.The less harmful cigarette:a controversial issue.A tribute to Ernst L.Wynder[J].Chemical Research in Toxicology,2001,14(7):767-790.
[17]Sakuma H,Shimojima N,Sugawara S.Carbonyl compound composition of cellulose cigarette smoke condensate[J].Agricultural and Biological Chemistry,1978,42(2):359-363.
[18]Sakuma H,Sugawara S.Composition of the watersoluble portion of cellulose cigarette smoke condensate[J].Agricultural and Biological Chemistry,1979,43(7):1585-1589.
[19]Ishiguro S,Sugawara S.Comparisons of smoke components in the semivolatile phase from lamina and midrib cigarettes of flue-cured tobacco leaves[J].Agricultural and Biological Chemistry,1978,42(8):1527-1531.
[20]Matsushima S,Lshiguro S,Sugawara S.Composition studies on some varieties of tobacco and their smoke:I.Major components in smoke condensate[J].Beitr?ge zur Tabakforschung International,1979,10(1):31-38.
[21]Matsukura M,Takahashi K,Kawamoto M,et al.Comparison of roasted tobacco volatiles with tobacco essential oil and cigarette smoke condensate[J].Agricultural and Biological Chemistry,1985,49(3):711-718.
[22]蔡君兰,赵明月,陈勇,等.卷烟主流烟气和侧流烟气中半挥发性成分的分析研究[J].中国烟草学报,2003,9(4):1-11.CAI Junlan,ZHAO Mingyue,CHEN Yong,et al.Analysis of semi-volatile components in mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2003,9(4):1-11.
[23]韩冰,蔡君兰,王冰,等.部分国内外卷烟主流烟气气相和粒相中挥发性、半挥发性化合物的分析[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(4):1-7.HAN Bing,CAI Junlan,WANG Bing,et al.Analysis of volatile and semi-volatile components in both gas and particulate phase mainstream cigarette smoke with domestic and foreign made cigarette[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2011,17(4):1-7.
[24]韩冰,刘惠民,谢复炜,等.卷烟主流烟气中挥发和半挥发性成分分析[J].烟草科技,2009(10):32-40.HAN Bing,LIU Huimin,XIE Fuwei,et al.Analysis of volatile and semi-volatile components in mainstream cigarette smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2009(10):32-40.
[25]Elmenhorst H.Determination of methylcyclopentenolone and ethylcyclopentenolone in cigarette smoke and Latakia tobacco[J].Beitr?ge zur Tabakforschung International,1972,6(5):205-209.
[26]Sakuma H,Kusama M,Ishiguro S,et al.Organic acid composition of cellulose cigarette smoke condensate[J].Agricultural and Biological Chemistry,1976,40(10):2021-2025.
[27]Smith C J,Hansch C.The relative toxicity of compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke condensate[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2000,38(7):637-646.
[28]张迎春,郭国宁,岳海波,等.卷烟主流烟气气相物和总粒相物中有机酸的分析研究[J].分析科学学报,2010,26(5):567-571.ZHANG Yingchun,GUO Guoning,YUE Haibo,et al.Study on organic acid in gas phase and total particulate matter of mainstream cigarette smoke[J].Journal of Analytical Science,2010,26(5):567-571.
[29]鲁喜梅,谢复炜,刘晖,等.卷烟主流烟气总粒相物中挥发性和半挥发性有机酸的分析[J].烟草科技,2006(6):24-29,64.LU Ximei,XIE Fuwei,LIU Hui,et al.Analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic acids in TPM of mainstream cigarette smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2006(6):24-29,64.
[30]姬厚伟,张丽,满杰,等.振荡萃取-GC/MS法测定卷烟主流烟气总粒相物中的14种挥发性有机酸[J].烟草科技,2015,48(9):33-39.JI Houwei,ZHANG Li,MAN Jie,et al.Determination of fourteen volatile organic acids in total particulate matters in mainstream cigarette smoke by shaking extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2015,48(9):33-39.
[31]廖惠云,朱龙杰,庄亚东,等.气相色谱-质谱联用法测定卷烟主流烟气中的丁香酚[J].烟草科技,2013(9):68-71,81.LIAO Huiyun,ZHU Longjie,ZHUANG Yadong,et al.Determination of eugenol in mainstream cigarette smoke by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2013(9):68-71,81.
[32]Baker R R,Massey E D,Smith G.An overview of the effects of tobacco ingredients on smoke chemistry and toxicity[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2004,42(S):S53-S83.
[33]Mookherjee B D,Wilson R A.Tobacco constituents-their importance in flavor and fragrance chemistry[J].Perfumer and Flavorist,1990,15:27-49.