沙地玉米水分利用效率日变化特征
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摘要
以科尔沁沙地玉米农田生态系统为研究对象,利用涡度相关技术和便携式光合作用测定系统(LI-COR6400)同步观测玉米(郑单958)主要生育期(苗期、拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期)群体和叶片尺度瞬时CO2交换及水汽交换速率,并分析其水分利用效率的日变化特征。结果表明:各生育期玉米群体尺度瞬时CO2交换速率分别为-2.205、-26.113、-26.118、-8.201、-3.672μmolCO2·m~(-2)·s~(-1),叶片尺度光合速率分别为27.57、59.55、24.38、22.03、20.09μmolCO_2·m~(-2)·s~(-1)。各生育期群体水分利用效率(WUEC)的日动态呈现"L"型,峰值出现在日出后(约06:00),分别为0.025、0.039、0.088、0.058、0.191 gCO2·g-1H2O,叶片尺度瞬时水分利用效率(WUEL)的日动态呈"～"型,峰值出现在06:00—10:00,分别为0.029、0.041、0.017、0.019、0.024 gCO_2·g~(-1)H_2O。玉米各生育期群体及叶片尺度瞬时CO_2交换速率和水分利用效率均存在明显差异。
Based on the eddy covariance system and LI-COR6400 infrared gas analysis meter,the present study simultaneously investigated instantaneous CO_2 and H2 O exchange rate,and analyzed instantaneous water use efficiency in agriculture ecosystem with corn land during main period phases,including seedling stage,jointing stage,heading stage,grain-filling stage,and maturity stage in Horqin Sandy Land. The results showed that a " L" pattern of the diurnal with respect to instantaneous water use efficiency( WUEC) at the colony scale could be presented,the peaks were observed after sunrise( about 06: 00) of which sizes were 0.025,0.039,0.088,0.058 and 0.191 gCO_2·g-1 H2 O,respectively,a " ～ " pattern of the diurnal dynamics of leaf instantaneous water use efficiency( WUEL) occurred,the peaks appeared during 06:00—10:00,with sizes of 0.029,0.041,0.017,0.019 and 0.024 gCO_2·g-1 H_2O. The exchange rates of instantaneous carbon dioxide at the colony scale were-2.205,-26.113,-26.118,-8.201 and-3.672 μmolCO_2·m-2·s-1,while the leaf scale were 27.57,59.55,24.38,22.03 and 20.09 μmolCO_2·m~(-2)·s~(-1). Significant difference was obtained in instantaneous gas exchange and water use efficiency for summer corn colony and leaf scales at different growth stages.
Based on the eddy covariance system and LI-COR6400 infrared gas analysis meter,the present study simultaneously investigated instantaneous CO_2 and H2 O exchange rate,and analyzed instantaneous water use efficiency in agriculture ecosystem with corn land during main period phases,including seedling stage,jointing stage,heading stage,grain-filling stage,and maturity stage in Horqin Sandy Land. The results showed that a " L" pattern of the diurnal with respect to instantaneous water use efficiency( WUEC) at the colony scale could be presented,the peaks were observed after sunrise( about 06: 00) of which sizes were 0.025,0.039,0.088,0.058 and 0.191 gCO_2·g-1 H2 O,respectively,a " ～ " pattern of the diurnal dynamics of leaf instantaneous water use efficiency( WUEL) occurred,the peaks appeared during 06:00—10:00,with sizes of 0.029,0.041,0.017,0.019 and 0.024 gCO_2·g-1 H_2O. The exchange rates of instantaneous carbon dioxide at the colony scale were-2.205,-26.113,-26.118,-8.201 and-3.672 μmolCO_2·m-2·s-1,while the leaf scale were 27.57,59.55,24.38,22.03 and 20.09 μmolCO_2·m~(-2)·s~(-1). Significant difference was obtained in instantaneous gas exchange and water use efficiency for summer corn colony and leaf scales at different growth stages.
引文
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[19]桑玉强.西北半干旱地区林草复合模式耗水特征的研究——以毛乌素沙地为例[D].北京:中国农业大学,2006.
[20]双喜,刘绍民,徐自为,等.黑河流域观测通量的空间代表性研究[J].地球科学进展,2009,24(7):724-733.
[21] Baldocchi D D,Hincks B B,Meyers T P.Measuring biosphereatmosphere exchanges of biologically related gases w ith micrometeorological methods[J]. Ecology,1988,69(5):1331-1340.
[22] Oliphant A J,Csb G,Zutter H N,et al.Heat storage and energy balance fluxes for a temperate deciduous forest[J]. Agricultural Forest M eteorology,2004,126(3):185-201.
[23] Wilson K,Goldstein A,Falge E,et al.Energy balance closure at FLUXNET sites[J].Agricultural and Forest M eteorology,2002,113(4):223-243.
[24] Yu G R,Wang Q F,Zhuang J.Modeling the water use efficiency of soybean and maize plants under environmental stresses:application of a synthetic model of photosynthesis-transpiration based on stomatal behavior[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology,2004,161(3):303-318.
[25]翟云龙.黑龙港地区不同耕种方式冬小麦群体质量与水分利用特征[D].北京:中国农业大学,2016.
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[28]布都会,朱建楚,高莉,等.“Li-6400光合作用测定仪”在小麦上应用的商榷[J].麦类作物学报,2004,24(1):92-94.
[29]李照国,吕世华,奥银焕,等.鄂陵湖湖滨地区夏季近地层微气象特征与碳通量变化分析[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(5):602-608.
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[31]张永强,沈彦俊,刘昌明,等.华北平原典型农田水、热与CO2通量的测定[J].地理学报,2002,57(3):333-342.
[32]杨晓光,于沪宁.土壤水分对夏玉米农田CO2通量和群体水分利用率的影响[J].农业工程学报,1999,15(3):113-118.
[2]李玉霖,张铜会,崔建垣.科尔沁沙地农田玉米耗水规律研究[J].中国沙漠,2002,22(4):354-358.
[3]赵哈林,赵学勇,张铜会,等.北方农牧交错带的地理界定及其生态问题[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(5):739-747.
[4]崔建垣,张铜会,李玉霖,等.沙地春玉米孕穗期和开花期土壤水分与产量的关系研究[J].中国沙漠,2000,20(增刊1):63-64.
[5]张铜会,赵哈林,赵学勇,等.科尔沁沙地玉米耗水规律初探[J].中国沙漠,1999,19(增刊1):138-140.
[6]唐霞,崔建垣,岳祥飞,等.科尔沁沙地玉米茎流变化规律研究[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(2):1-35.
[7]李石琳.基于涡度相关法和SIMDual_Kc模型的夏玉米水分利用效率及其影响因素研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2014.
[8]郭家轩,李玉中,梅旭荣.冬小麦农田尺度瞬态CO2通量与水分利用效率日变化及影响因素分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(3):78-81.
[9]王宇明.小麦辣椒间套作最优配置方式及非充分灌溉试验研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.
[10]曹夏禹,张翔,肖洋,等.基于稳定碳同位素比的植物水分利用效率分析——以鄱阳湖湿地为例[J].人民长江,2017,48(5):17-20.
[11]史长丽,郭家选,严昌荣,等.旱作春玉米冠层及叶片瞬态气体交换及水分利用效率日变化特征[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(1):24-31.
[12]彭世彰,徐俊增,黄乾,等.控制灌溉水稻叶片水平的水分利用效率试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(11):47-52.
[13]宋淑亚,刘文兆,王俊,等.覆盖方式对玉米农田土壤水分、作物产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(2):211-217.
[14]朱治林,孙晓敏,张仁华,等.作物群体CO2通量和水分利用效率的快速测定[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(9):1684-1686.
[15]房全孝,陈雨海,李全起,等.灌溉对冬小麦水分利用效率的影响研究[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(4):34-39.
[16]李俊,于沪宁,刘苏峡.冬小麦水分利用效率及其环境影响因素分析[J].地理学报,1997(6):551-560.
[17]杨晓光,于沪宁.农田生态系统二氧化碳通量与群体水分利用率研究[J].地理科学进展,1998,17(4):16-24.
[18]牛亚毅,李玉强,龚相文,等.沙质草地生长季生态系统碳净交换量特征及土壤呼吸贡献率[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(9):2423-2430.
[19]桑玉强.西北半干旱地区林草复合模式耗水特征的研究——以毛乌素沙地为例[D].北京:中国农业大学,2006.
[20]双喜,刘绍民,徐自为,等.黑河流域观测通量的空间代表性研究[J].地球科学进展,2009,24(7):724-733.
[21] Baldocchi D D,Hincks B B,Meyers T P.Measuring biosphereatmosphere exchanges of biologically related gases w ith micrometeorological methods[J]. Ecology,1988,69(5):1331-1340.
[22] Oliphant A J,Csb G,Zutter H N,et al.Heat storage and energy balance fluxes for a temperate deciduous forest[J]. Agricultural Forest M eteorology,2004,126(3):185-201.
[23] Wilson K,Goldstein A,Falge E,et al.Energy balance closure at FLUXNET sites[J].Agricultural and Forest M eteorology,2002,113(4):223-243.
[24] Yu G R,Wang Q F,Zhuang J.Modeling the water use efficiency of soybean and maize plants under environmental stresses:application of a synthetic model of photosynthesis-transpiration based on stomatal behavior[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology,2004,161(3):303-318.
[25]翟云龙.黑龙港地区不同耕种方式冬小麦群体质量与水分利用特征[D].北京:中国农业大学,2016.
[26]刘昌明,于沪宁.土壤-作物-大气系统水分运动实验研究[M].北京:气象出版社,1997.
[27]于贵瑞,伏玉玲,孙晓敏,等.中国陆地生态系统通量观测研究网络(ChinaFLUX)的研究进展及其发展思路[J].中国科学D辑,2006,26(S1):1-21.
[28]布都会,朱建楚,高莉,等.“Li-6400光合作用测定仪”在小麦上应用的商榷[J].麦类作物学报,2004,24(1):92-94.
[29]李照国,吕世华,奥银焕,等.鄂陵湖湖滨地区夏季近地层微气象特征与碳通量变化分析[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(5):602-608.
[30]王树森,朱治林,孙晓敏,等.拉萨地区农田能量物质交换特征[J].中国科学D辑,1996,26(4):359-364.
[31]张永强,沈彦俊,刘昌明,等.华北平原典型农田水、热与CO2通量的测定[J].地理学报,2002,57(3):333-342.
[32]杨晓光,于沪宁.土壤水分对夏玉米农田CO2通量和群体水分利用率的影响[J].农业工程学报,1999,15(3):113-118.