有压微灌对超级稻水分利用特征和生长的影响研究
|
摘要
【目的】探究有压微灌对超级稻耗水量及水稻生长的影响。【方法】通过水稻根系层埋置透水管,采用管道微灌增压方法进行室外盆栽试验。试验统计了自然降雨条件下有压微灌组(WY)和对照处理充分灌溉组(CK)的灌溉水量,并观测2种灌溉方式对水稻农艺性状的影响。【结果】水稻全生育期WY组平均每盆灌溉水量17.23 kg(2.46×10~6m3/hm~2),CK组平均每盆灌溉水量21.25 kg(3.04×10~6m~3/hm~2),有压微灌相比充分灌溉减少灌溉水量18.92%;有压微灌处理水稻分蘖完成后,WY组平均分蘖数为31.167,CK组为27.083,有压微灌促进水稻的分蘖生长。水稻成熟后有压微灌组水稻植株和根系干物质量分别为92.46 g和9.41 g显著高于CK 87.22 g和8.39 g;有压微灌组水稻株高及构成产量因素中的穗长、穗实粒数、千粒质量等指标与CK无显著差异。【结论】有压微灌不产生土壤水层的灌溉方式提高水分利用效率,促进水稻的有效分蘖穗的发育生长、稻穗数增加、产量提高。
【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of water pressure in subsurface micro-irrigation on water consumption and growth of super rice.【Method】The experiment was conducted in pots where the emitters of the micro-irrigation system were buried in the root zone. We compared the pressurized system(WY)and standard system(CK) for their impact on growth traits of the rice.【Result】The overall irrigation amount in the WY and CK was 17.23 kg(2.47×10~6 m~3/hm~2) and 21.5 kg(3.02×10~6 m~3/hm~2) respectively. WY increased rice tillers to 31.167, dry matter of the shoot to 92.46 g and dry matter of the root to 9.41 g, compared with their associate value of 27.083 for tillers, and 87.22 g and 8.39 g for dry matter of the shoot and the root, respectively, under CK. There was no significant difference between WY and CK in other factors, including plant height, ear length, spikelet number and the weight of 1 000 grains.【Conclusion】WY improved water utilization efficiency and promoted tillering, thereby ultimately improving the yield.
【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of water pressure in subsurface micro-irrigation on water consumption and growth of super rice.【Method】The experiment was conducted in pots where the emitters of the micro-irrigation system were buried in the root zone. We compared the pressurized system(WY)and standard system(CK) for their impact on growth traits of the rice.【Result】The overall irrigation amount in the WY and CK was 17.23 kg(2.47×10~6 m~3/hm~2) and 21.5 kg(3.02×10~6 m~3/hm~2) respectively. WY increased rice tillers to 31.167, dry matter of the shoot to 92.46 g and dry matter of the root to 9.41 g, compared with their associate value of 27.083 for tillers, and 87.22 g and 8.39 g for dry matter of the shoot and the root, respectively, under CK. There was no significant difference between WY and CK in other factors, including plant height, ear length, spikelet number and the weight of 1 000 grains.【Conclusion】WY improved water utilization efficiency and promoted tillering, thereby ultimately improving the yield.
引文
[1]SHI J,LI S,ZUO Q,et al.An index for plant water deficit based on root-weighted soil water content[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,522:285-294.
[2]张立成,谢立钧,胡德勇,等.土壤水分调控对超级稻根系特征的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(4):34-38.
[3]HAKOJ?RVI M,HAUTALA M,RISTOLAINEN A,et al.Yield variation of spring cereals in relation to selected soil physical properties on three clay soil fields[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2013,49(49):1-11.
[4]姚德龙,高繁,李志军,等.杨凌地区冬小麦-夏玉米水分供需适配性分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(1):115-120,163.
[5]王亚许.干旱期大田作物需水分析及灌溉方案优化研究[D].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2017.
[6]崔远来,吴迪,王士武,等.基于改进SWAT模型的南方多水源灌区灌溉用水量模拟分析[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(14):94-100.
[7]AHMAD S,AHMAD A,ALI H,et al.Application of the CSM-CERES-Rice model for evaluation of plant density and irrigation management of ransplanted rice for an irrigated semiarid environment[J].Precision Agriculture,2013,31(3):491-506.
[8]ZOU X,LI Y,CREMADES R,et al.Cost-effectiveness analysis of water-saving irrigation technologies based on climate change response:A case study of China[J].Agricultural Water Management,2013,129(6):9-20.
[9]张喜英.华北典型区域农田耗水与节水灌溉研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(10):35-45.
[10]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[11]陆红飞,郭相平,甄博,等.旱涝交替胁迫下水稻茎节发育及其抗倒伏能力[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(8):47-52.
[12]ZHANG Zhengbin,XU Ping,SHAO Hongbo,et al.Advances and prospects:biotechnologically improving crop water use efficiency[J].Critical Reviews in Biotechnology,2011,31(3):281-293.
[13]朱士江,孙爱华,张忠学,等.不同节水灌溉模式对水稻分蘖、株高及产量的影响[J].节水灌溉,2013(12):16-19.
[14]AVILA L A D,MARTINI L F D,MEZZOMO R F,et al.Rice water use efficiency and yield under continuous and intermittent irrigation[J].Agronomy Journal,2014,107(2):442-448.
[15]CARRIJO D R,AKBAR N,REIS A F B,et al.Impacts of variable soil drying in alternate wetting and drying rice systems on yields,grain arsenic concentration and soil moisture dynamics[J].Field Crops Research,2018,222:101-110.
[16]谷鹏,焦燕,杨文柱,等.不同灌溉方式对农田土壤微生物丰度及通透性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(1):21-27.
[17]肖卫华,刘强,姚帮松,等.增氧灌溉对杂交水稻根系生长及产量的响应研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(6):68-71.
[18]侯丹平,余超,刘海浪,等.水稻高产高效的根系特性及其调控[J].中国稻米,2018,24(4):3-8.
[19]李桂元,李康勇,胡春艳.南方地区超级杂交水稻田间灌溉排水管理最优化研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2018(5):14-17,22.
[20]甄博,郭相平,陆红飞,等.分蘖期旱涝交替胁迫对水稻生理指标的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(5):36-40.
[2]张立成,谢立钧,胡德勇,等.土壤水分调控对超级稻根系特征的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(4):34-38.
[3]HAKOJ?RVI M,HAUTALA M,RISTOLAINEN A,et al.Yield variation of spring cereals in relation to selected soil physical properties on three clay soil fields[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2013,49(49):1-11.
[4]姚德龙,高繁,李志军,等.杨凌地区冬小麦-夏玉米水分供需适配性分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(1):115-120,163.
[5]王亚许.干旱期大田作物需水分析及灌溉方案优化研究[D].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2017.
[6]崔远来,吴迪,王士武,等.基于改进SWAT模型的南方多水源灌区灌溉用水量模拟分析[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(14):94-100.
[7]AHMAD S,AHMAD A,ALI H,et al.Application of the CSM-CERES-Rice model for evaluation of plant density and irrigation management of ransplanted rice for an irrigated semiarid environment[J].Precision Agriculture,2013,31(3):491-506.
[8]ZOU X,LI Y,CREMADES R,et al.Cost-effectiveness analysis of water-saving irrigation technologies based on climate change response:A case study of China[J].Agricultural Water Management,2013,129(6):9-20.
[9]张喜英.华北典型区域农田耗水与节水灌溉研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(10):35-45.
[10]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[11]陆红飞,郭相平,甄博,等.旱涝交替胁迫下水稻茎节发育及其抗倒伏能力[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(8):47-52.
[12]ZHANG Zhengbin,XU Ping,SHAO Hongbo,et al.Advances and prospects:biotechnologically improving crop water use efficiency[J].Critical Reviews in Biotechnology,2011,31(3):281-293.
[13]朱士江,孙爱华,张忠学,等.不同节水灌溉模式对水稻分蘖、株高及产量的影响[J].节水灌溉,2013(12):16-19.
[14]AVILA L A D,MARTINI L F D,MEZZOMO R F,et al.Rice water use efficiency and yield under continuous and intermittent irrigation[J].Agronomy Journal,2014,107(2):442-448.
[15]CARRIJO D R,AKBAR N,REIS A F B,et al.Impacts of variable soil drying in alternate wetting and drying rice systems on yields,grain arsenic concentration and soil moisture dynamics[J].Field Crops Research,2018,222:101-110.
[16]谷鹏,焦燕,杨文柱,等.不同灌溉方式对农田土壤微生物丰度及通透性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(1):21-27.
[17]肖卫华,刘强,姚帮松,等.增氧灌溉对杂交水稻根系生长及产量的响应研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(6):68-71.
[18]侯丹平,余超,刘海浪,等.水稻高产高效的根系特性及其调控[J].中国稻米,2018,24(4):3-8.
[19]李桂元,李康勇,胡春艳.南方地区超级杂交水稻田间灌溉排水管理最优化研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2018(5):14-17,22.
[20]甄博,郭相平,陆红飞,等.分蘖期旱涝交替胁迫对水稻生理指标的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(5):36-40.