摘要
为探究黄河三角洲不同群落对土壤磷的影响,采用统计学方法对柽柳、碱蓬、芦苇、棉花4种典型群落的土壤全磷、速效磷的差异及磷有效性进行分析,结果表明:土壤剖面上,各群落土壤全磷在20 cm以上缓慢递减,20 cm以下波动上升;0~5 cm表层全磷含量在0.55~0.65 g kg~(-1)之间。速效磷在垂直剖面上表现为由表层及深层逐渐递减,表层土壤速效磷为棉田>碱蓬>柽柳>芦苇。垂直剖面上,深层土壤磷的变异系数明显高于表层变异系数,且速效磷变异性高于全磷变异性。研究区土壤磷供应强度较小,磷有效性最高达0.94%;棉田受有机肥的影响在10~20 cm土层形成极高的磷有效性,芦苇通过根际土壤磷素的耗竭效应与累积效应,减少了土壤中速效磷含量,降低了磷有效性;碱蓬土壤较高的pH值有利于土壤速效磷含量的增加,从而提高了磷有效性。棉田土壤磷受灌溉、施肥、耕作等随机因素的影响为高变异高有效类型;碱蓬群落磷有效性高,植物吸收利用相对较少导致其为低变异高有效型;而芦苇群落为低变异低有效型。
To investigate the effects of different vegetation types on soil phosphorus(P) in the Yellow River Delta, we analyzed the characteristics of total P(TP) and available P(AP) in four communities of Tamarix chinensis, Suaeda glauca, Phragmites communis and Cotton field, and analyzed the P availability using the statistical methods. The results showed that the content of soil TP varied from 0.56 to 0.60 g kg~(-1) at the top of 0-5 cm layer and decreased slowly at 0 to 20 cm depth, but increased again below 20 cm layer. In the soil vertical profile, the content of AP gradually decreased from topsoil to deeper soil layer. The AP contents at 0-5 cm layer showed the descending orders: cottons > Suaeda glauca > Tamarix chinensis > Phragmites communis. The variation coefficient of soil TP was obviously higher at the deeper soil layer, and it was lower than that of AP. In the study area, the supply intensity of soil TP was small and P availability reached to 0.94%. High P availability in cotton field occurred at 10-20 cm layer due to organic fertilizer. And the depletion and accumulation of soil P in rhizosphere reduced the availability of soil P in reeds field. The high soil pH in Suaeda glauca community increased the P availability. Soil P in cotton, affected by random factors such as irrigation, fertilization and cultivation, was characterized with high variability and high availability. In Suaeda glaucas community, the high availability of soil TP and low P absorption by plants led to the low P variability and high availability. While Phragmites communis community had low P availability and variability.
引文
[1]MALTAIS-L ANDRYG,SCOW K,BRENNAN E.Soil phosphorus mobilization in the rhizosphere of cover crops has little effect on phosphorus cycling in California agricultural soils[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2014,78(25):255-262.
[2]DALEN M S.Understanding Phosphorus Dynamics of Two Alluvial Soils Grown with Corn at Different Phosphorus Rates[D].Visayas State University,2012.
[3]WU Q,ZHANGS,PING Z,et al.Characterizing differences in the phosphorus activation coefficient of three typical cropland soils and the influencing factors under long-term fertilization[J].Plo S ONE,2017,12(5):e0176437.
[4]REQUEJO M I,EICHLER-LOBERMANN B.Organic and inorganic phosphorus forms in soil as affected by long-term application of organic amendments[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2014,100(2):245-255.
[5]ANNAHEIM K E,FROSSARD E,BUNEMANN E K,et al.Characterisation of organic phosphorus compounds in soil by phosphatase hydrolysis[J].19th World Congress of Soil Science,Soil Solutions for a Changing World.2010:9-11.
[6]ANNAHEIM K E.Use of enzyme additions to characterize the nature and hydrolysability of soil organic phosphorus[J].Tidsskrift for Den Norske Lgeforening Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin Ny Rkke,2013,91(19):279-285.
[7]BENBID K,BRAR S P S.Influence of soil organic carbon on the interpretation of soil test P for wheat grown on alkaline soils[J].Fertilizer Research,1994,37(1):35-41.
[8]LI H,SHEN J,ZHANG F,et al.Dynamics of phosphorus fractions in the rhizosphere of common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)and durum wheat(Triticum turgidum durum L.)grown in monocropping and intercropping systems[J].Plant&Soil,2008,312(1-2):139-150.
[9]DELGADO A,HURTADO M D,ANDREU L.Phosphorus Loss in Tile Drains from a Reclaimed Marsh Soil Amended with Manure and Phosphogypsum[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2006,74(2):191-202.
[10]IOST S,LANDGRAF D,MAKESCHIN F.Chemical soil properties of reclaimed marsh soil from Zhejiang Province P.R.China[J].Geoderma,2007,142(3-4):2-250.
[11]崔新卫,张杨珠,吴金水,等.秸秆还田对土壤质量与作物生长的影响研究进展[J].土壤通报,2014,45(6):1527-1532.
[12]SUBRAMANIAM V,SINGH B R.Phosphorus supplying capacity of heavily fertilized soils I.Phosphorus adsorption characteristics and phosphorus fractionation[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,1996,47(2):115-122.
[13]MA J,HE P,XU X,et al.Temporal and spatial changes in soil available phosphorus in China(1990-2012)[J].Field Crops Research,2016,192:13-20.
[14]李中阳,徐明岗,李菊梅,等.长期施用化肥有机肥下我国典型土壤无机磷的变化特征[J].土壤通报,2010,41(6):1434-1439.
[15]牛晓音,王延华,杨浩,等.滇池双龙流域不同土地利用方式下土壤侵蚀与土壤养分分异[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(9):1043-1050.
[16]MCDOWELLl R W,STEWART I.The phosphorus composition of contrasting soils in pastoral,native and forest management in Otago,New Zealand:Sequential extraction and 31P NMR[J].Geoderma,2006,130(1):176-189.
[17]HOODA P S,TRUESDALE V W,EDWARDS A C,et al.Manuring and fertilization effects on phosphorus accumulation in soils and potential environmental implications[J].Advances in Environmental Research,2001,5(1):13-21.
[18]HERLIHY M,MCGRATH D.Phosphorus fractions and adsorption characteristics in grassland soils of varied soil phosphorus status[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2007,77(1):15-27.
[19]BORLING K,BARBERIS E,OTABBONG E.Impact of long-term inorganic phosphorus fertilization on accumulation,sorption and release of phosphorus in five Swedish soil profiles[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2004,69(1):11-21.
[20]BASTOUNOPOULOU M,GASPARATOS D,HAIDOUTI C.Fertilization effect on phosphorus fractionation accumulation and release in Greek Alfisols[C].Eurosoil,2008,8(4):156-157.
[21]SONG C,HAN X Z,TANG C.Changes in phosphorus fractions,sorption and release in Udic Mollisols under different ecosystems[J].Biology&Fertility of Soils,2007,44(1):37-47.
[22]贺强,崔保山,赵欣胜,等.水盐梯度下黄河三角洲湿地植被空间分异规律的定量分析[J].湿地科学,2007,5(3):208-214.
[23]NZIGUHEBA G,PALM C A,BURESH R J,et al.Soil phosphorus fractions and adsorption as affected by organic and inorganic sources[J].Plant&Soil,1998,198(2):159-168.
[24]SHARMA K N,SINGH H,VIG A C.Influence of continuous cropping and fertilization on adsorption and desorption of soil phosphorus[J].Fertilizer Research,1994,40(2):121-128.
[25]苏德纯.从土壤磷的空间分布特征探讨提高磷肥及土壤磷有效性的新途径[J].中国农学通报,1995,11(1):38-40.
[26]王晓燕,王一峋,王晓峰,等.密云水库小流域土地利用方式与氮磷流失规律[J].环境科学研究,2003,16(1):30-33.
[27]贾兴永,李菊梅.土壤磷有效性及其与土壤性质关系的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011,(6):76-82.
[28]WANG Y,MARSCHNER P,ZHANG F.Phosphorus pools and other soil properties in the rhizosphere of wheat and legumes growing in three soils in monoculture or as a mixture of wheat and legume[J].Plant&Soil,2012,354(1-2):283-298.
[29]杜有新,何春林,丁园,等.庐山植物园11种植物的根际土壤氮磷有效性和酶活性[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(8):1297-1302.
[30]温胜芳.不同种类湿地植物的磷素根际效应[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.
[31]罗先香,敦萌,闫琴.黄河口湿地土壤磷素动态分布特征及影响因素[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(5):154-160.
[32]FEUDIS M D,CARDELLIi V,MASSACCESI L,et al.Effect of beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)rhizosphere on phosphorous availability in soils at different altitudes(Central Italy)[J].Geoderma,2016,276:53-63.
[33]RENGEL Z.Bioavailability of Phosphorus and Micronutrients in the Soil-Plant-Microbe Continuum[J].Journal of Soil Science&Plant Nutrition,2008,8(especial):84-91.
[34]TARAFDAR J C,CLAASSEN N.Organic phosphorus compounds as a phosphorus source for higher plants through the activity of phosphatases produced by plant roots and microorganisms[J].Biology&Fertility of Soils,1988,5(4):308-312.
[35]JALALI M,MATIN N H.Sorption of phosphorus in calcareous paddy soils of Iran:effects of soil/solution ratio and p H[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,73(5):2047-2059.
[36]DELGADO A,TORRENT J.The release of phosphorus from heavily fertilized soils to dilute electrolytes:Effect of soil properties[J].Agronomie,1999,19(5):395-404.
[37]杨小燕,陈祥伟.未开垦干扰黑土土壤磷素形态垂直分布特征[J].土壤通报,2016,47(2):378-383.
[38]于君宝,陈小兵,孙志高,等.黄河三角洲新生滨海湿地土壤营养元素空间分布特征[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(4):855-861.
[39]杜云鸿,徐振,谢文霞,等.胶州湾盐沼不同植物群落下土壤磷的分布特征[J].湿地科学,2016,14(3):415-420.
[40]刘加珍,李卫卫,陈永金,等.黄河三角洲湿地水盐影响下灌草群落的物种多样性研究[J].生态科学,2015,34(5):135-141.
[41]王岩,陈永金,刘加珍.黄河三角洲湿地土壤养分空间分布特征[J].人民黄河,2013,35(2):72-74.
[42]丁秋祎,白军红,高海峰,等.黄河三角洲湿地不同植被群落下土壤养分含量特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(10):2092-2097.
[43]陈波浪,戴婷婷,盛建东,等.施磷对南疆棉田土壤磷素有效性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013(4):21-25.
[44]邵秋玲,解小丁,李法曾.黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区植物区系研究[J].西北植物学报,2002,22(4):947-951.
[45]陈永金,靖淑慧,杜婷婷,等.滨海湿地原生灌草群落土壤养分与盐分关系[J].南水北调与水利科技,2015,13(5):1029-1034.
[46]张英鹏,陈清,李彦,等.不同磷水平对山东褐土耕层无机磷形态及磷有效性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(7):245-248.
[47]刘凤枝.土壤和固体废弃物监测分析技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007:346-349.
[48]中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1978.
[49]陈宝政,蔡德利,王法清,等.草甸白浆土有效磷的空间变异性[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(6):159-161.
[50]陈惟财,谢小立,王凯荣.不同施肥模式下红壤性水稻土中磷的分布及其有效性[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(3):87-90.
[51]毛志刚,王国祥,刘金娥,等.盐城海滨湿地盐沼植被对土壤碳氮分布特征的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(2):293-297.
[52]戎郁萍,韩建国,王培,等.放牧强度对草地土壤理化性质的影响[J].中国草地学报,2001,23(4):41-47.
[53]王珂,杨玉爱,袁可能.有机肥对小麦根际磷有效性影响及机制[J].土壤通报,1994,25(7):49-50.
[54]刘兴华.黄河三角洲湿地植物与土壤C、N、P生态化学计量特征研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2013.
[55]GREENWOOD D J,CLEAVER T J,TURNER M K,et al.Comparison of the effects of phosphate fertilizer on the yield,phosphate content and quality of 22 different vegetable and agricultural crops.[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,1980,95(2):471-485.
[56]秦胜金,刘景双,王国平.影响土壤磷有效性变化作用机理[J].土壤通报,2006,37(5):1012-1016.
[57]黄玉芬,姜益娟,郑德明,等.新疆棉田膜下滴灌条件下土壤速效磷空间分布规律研究[J].土壤通报,2009,40(5):1115-1118.
[58]何广志,陈亚宁,陈亚鹏,等.柽柳根系构型对干旱的适应策略[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(3):277-282.
[59]张国桥.不同磷源及其施用方式对石灰性土壤磷的有效性与磷肥利用效率的影响[D].石河子:石河子大学,2014.
[60]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤普查技术[M].北京:农业出版社,1992.
[61]QIAO Y F,Silva L C R,HAN X Z,et al.Fate of photosynthetically-fixed carbon in soybean crops measured using13C labelling after long-term fertilization of Phaeozem soils in Northeast China.[J].Zemdirbyste-agriculture,2012,99(4):419-424.
[62]王永壮,陈欣,史奕.农田土壤中磷素有效性及影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):260-268.
[63]张琪,方海兰,黄懿珍,等.土壤阳离子交换量在上海城市土壤质量评价中的应用[J].土壤,2005,37(6):679-682.
[64]OORTS K,VANLAUWE B,MERCKX R.Cation exchange capacities of soil organic matter fractions in a Ferric Lixisol with different organic matter inputs[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2003,100(2):161-171.
[65]ASADU,C.L.A,VANLAUWE.A COMPARISON OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF CLAY,SILT,AND ORGANIC,MATTER TO THE EFFECTIVE CEC OF SOILS OF SUBSAHARAN AFRICA.[J].Soil Science,1997,162(11):785-794.
[66]RICHARDSON A E,SIMPSON R J.Soil microorganisms mediating phosphorus availability update on microbial phosphorus[J].Plant Physiology,2011,156(3):989.
[67]WALBRIDGE M R.Phosphorus Availability in Acid Organic Soils of the Lower North Carolina Coastal Plain[J].Ecology,1991,72(6):2083-2100.
[68]田莉.植物的磷素营养和土壤磷的生物有效性研究[J].农业与技术,2015,35(20):22-22.
[69]陆文龙,张福锁,曹一平.磷土壤化学行为研究进展[J].天津农业科学,1998,4(4):1-7.
[70]KPOMBLEKOU-A K,TABATABAI M A.Effect of low-molecular weight organic acids on phosphorus release and phytoavailabilty of phosphorus in phosphate rocks added to soils[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2003,100(2-3):275-284.
[71]SUN L,CHEN Z,ZHANG H,et al.Effects of microbial phytase on soil organic phosphorus component and its availability[J].Journal of Tianjin Normal University,2011,31(2):86-90.