西南三江地区大地构造演化与成矿作用
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摘要
西南三江地区在大地构造位置上处于欧亚板块和印度板块结合部位的特提斯构造域东段。自早古生代以来,区内曾经历过多期次的构造岩浆活动,为金属的成矿作用提供了十分有利的成矿条件,区内已发现有色金属、贵金属为主的矿床约200处;其中,超大型矿床12处,大型矿床60余处,各种金属矿床(点)2 000余处。是我国最重要的金属矿床集中分布区之一。该区从东到西可划分出九个大地构造单元:巴颜喀拉-扬子陆块、甘孜-理塘板块结合带、德格-中甸陆块、金沙江-哀牢山板块结合带、昌都-思茅陆块、澜沦江板块结合带、左贡-保山陆块、班公湖-怒江板块结合带、波密-腾冲陆块;可划分为与此对应的9个成矿带。论述了西南三江地区大地构造演化与金属矿床的成矿作用的关系。提出了西南三江地区造山带自寒武纪以来主要经历了8个大地构造演化与成矿作用发展演化阶段。多期次的构造岩浆成矿作用,在区内形成了丰富的矿产资源和多种矿床成因类型的金属矿床。研究表明,本区金属矿床的主要类型有:火山成因块状硫化物型多金属矿床、层控型多金属矿床、浊积岩型金多金属矿床、岩浆期后热液型铜多金属矿床、矽卡岩型多金属矿床、斑岩型铜多金属矿床、剪切带型金矿床等,为该区金属矿床研究与找矿突破提供了新思路和新资料。
Multiple tectonic-magmatic activities occurred in the eastern sector of the Tethys since the Early Paleozoic created favorable conditions for the formation of metallic ore deposits,about200 precious metal deposits,12 ultra large scale deposits and about 60 large scale ore deposits have been found in the area.Tectonically,this area can be divided into following tectonic units;Kekexili-Yajiang passive continental margin,Garze-Litang plate suture zone,Dege-Zhongdian plate,Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan plate suture zone,Changdu-Simao plate,Lanchangjiang plate suture zone,Zuogong-Baoshan plate,Nujiang plate suture zone,Bomi-Tengchong plate.Accordingly,nine mineralization zones are proposed as Kekexili-Yajiang mineralization zone,Dege-Zhongdian mineralization zone,Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan mineralization zone,Changdu-Simao mineralization zone,Lanchangjiang mineralization zone,Zuogong-Baoshan mineralization zone,Nujiang mineralization zone,Bomi-Tengchong mineralization zone.It is considered that the tectonic evolution is related to the main mineralization activities in the Nujiang-Lancang-Jinsha rivers area and eight mineralization stages have been experienced since the Cambrian period.Ore deposits in the area can be divided into seven types:massive sulfide type,stratabound type,turbidite type,post magmatic hydrothermal type,skarn type,porphyry type and ductile shear zone type,respectively.The study provides new ideas for the metallogenic research and for the exploration of ore deposits in the Sanjiang region.
Multiple tectonic-magmatic activities occurred in the eastern sector of the Tethys since the Early Paleozoic created favorable conditions for the formation of metallic ore deposits,about200 precious metal deposits,12 ultra large scale deposits and about 60 large scale ore deposits have been found in the area.Tectonically,this area can be divided into following tectonic units;Kekexili-Yajiang passive continental margin,Garze-Litang plate suture zone,Dege-Zhongdian plate,Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan plate suture zone,Changdu-Simao plate,Lanchangjiang plate suture zone,Zuogong-Baoshan plate,Nujiang plate suture zone,Bomi-Tengchong plate.Accordingly,nine mineralization zones are proposed as Kekexili-Yajiang mineralization zone,Dege-Zhongdian mineralization zone,Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan mineralization zone,Changdu-Simao mineralization zone,Lanchangjiang mineralization zone,Zuogong-Baoshan mineralization zone,Nujiang mineralization zone,Bomi-Tengchong mineralization zone.It is considered that the tectonic evolution is related to the main mineralization activities in the Nujiang-Lancang-Jinsha rivers area and eight mineralization stages have been experienced since the Cambrian period.Ore deposits in the area can be divided into seven types:massive sulfide type,stratabound type,turbidite type,post magmatic hydrothermal type,skarn type,porphyry type and ductile shear zone type,respectively.The study provides new ideas for the metallogenic research and for the exploration of ore deposits in the Sanjiang region.
引文
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[13]戚学祥,朱路华,李化启,等.青藏高原东缘哀牢山-金沙江构造带糜棱状花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及其构造意义[J].地质学报,2010,84(3):357-369.
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[15]李宝龙,季建清,付孝悦,等.滇西点苍山—哀牢山变质岩系锆石SHRIMP定年及其地质意义[J].岩石学报,2008,24(10):2 322-2 330.
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[21]邹光富,王鹏,牛浩斌,等.滇西北衙金多金属矿床控矿因素与找矿方向[J].地质学报,2013,87(Supp):178-182.
[22]程彦博,毛景文,谢桂青,等.与云南个旧超大型锡矿床有关的花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年及意义[J].矿床地质,2009,28(3):297-312.
[23]侯增谦,莫宜学.义敦岛弧形成演化及其对三江地区黑矿型块状硫化物矿床的控制作用[J].地球科学,1991,16(2):153-164.
[24]李文昌,潘桂棠,侯增谦,等.西南“三江”多岛弧盆-碰撞造山成矿理论与勘查技术[M].北京:地质出版社,2010,1-266.
[25]魏君奇,陈开旭.金沙江蛇绿岩带蛇纹岩中异剥钙榴岩的成因及意义[J].矿物岩石,2003,23(4):70-73.
[26]Tapponnier P,Lacassin R,Lelop P H,et al.The Ailao Shan/Red River metamorphic belt:Tertiary left-lateral shear between Indochina and South China[J].Nature,1990,343:431-437.
[27]王立全,侯增谦,莫宣学,等.金沙江造山带碰撞后地壳伸展背景—火山成因块状硫化物矿床的重要成矿环境[J].地质学报,2002,76(4):541-556.
[28]孙晓明,熊德信,石贵勇,等.云南哀牢山金矿带大坪韧性剪切带型金矿40 Ar-39 Ar定年[J].地质学报,2007,81(1):88-93.
[29]张继武,吴军,李昌寿,等.云南镇沅老王寨金矿床地质特征及成因探讨[J].黄金,2010,31(6):19-23.
[30]杨平,徐云端,程勘,等.马亚雄云南墨江金厂金矿床成矿条件及找矿方向[J].矿物学报,2013,33(4):585-591.
[31]王立全,李定谋,管士平,等.云南德钦鲁春-红坡牛场上叠裂谷盆地演化[J].矿物岩石,2001,21(3):81-89.
[32]马鸿文.藏东玉龙斑岩铜矿带花岗岩类与成矿[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,1994,1-158.
[33]唐仁鲤,罗怀松.西藏玉龙斑岩铜(钼)矿带地质[M].北京:地质出版社,1995,1-320.
[34]王登红,屈文俊,李志伟,等.金沙江-红河成矿带斑岩铜钼矿的成矿集中期:Re-Os同位素定年[J].中国科学(D辑),2004,34(4):345-349.
[35]胡云中,王海平,唐尚鹑.哀牢山金矿地质[M].北京:地质出版社,1995,1-278.
[36]王安建,曹殿华,高兰,等.论云南兰坪金顶超大型铅锌矿床的成因[J].地质学报,2009,83(1):43-54.
[37]沈上越,冯庆来,魏启荣,等.南澜沧江带北段上二叠统陆缘弧火山岩的厘定[J].矿物岩石,2006,26(2):35-39.
[38]莫宣学,路风香,沈上越.三江特提斯火山作用与成矿[M].北京:地质出版社,1993,1-267.
[39]陶琰,胡瑞忠,朱飞霖,等.云南保山核桃坪铅锌矿成矿年龄及动力学背景分析[J].岩石学报,2010,26(06):1 760-1 772.
[40]邹光富,毛英,林仕良,等.滇西粱河勐养花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].矿物岩石,2013,23(1):87-89.
[2]刘增乾,李兴振,叶庆同,等.三江地区构造岩浆带的划分与矿产分布规律[M].北京:地质出版社,1993,1-246.
[3]四川省地质矿产局.四川省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1991,1-327.
[4]云南省地质矿产局.云南省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1990,273-609.
[5]西藏自治区地质矿产局.西藏自治区区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1993,1-256.
[6]吕伯西,王增,张能德,等.三江地区花岗岩类及其成矿专属性[M].北京:地质出版社,1993,1-177.
[7]Hs K J,Bernoulli D.Genesis of the Tethys and the mediter-ranean.In:Hs K J,et al.eds.Initial reports of the deep seadrilling project.1978,42:943-949.
[8]李兴振,刘文均,王义昭,等.西南三江地区特提斯构造演化与成矿(总论)[M].北京:地质出版社,1999,1-276.
[9]邹光富.川西藏东地区金矿床类型与特提斯地质演化的关系[J].四川地质学报,1996,16(1):46-53.
[10]邹光富,毛君一.甘孜—理塘断裂带构造演化与金矿的关系[J].成都理工学院学报,1998,25(2):233-240.
[11]Burchfiel B C,Erchie Wang.Northwest-trending,Middle Cenozoic,left-lateral faults in southern Yunnan,China,and their tectonic significance.Journal of Structural Geology,2003,25(5):781-792.
[12]王立全,潘桂棠,李定谋,等.金沙江弧-盆系时空结构及地史演化[J].地质学报,1999,73(3):206-217.
[13]戚学祥,朱路华,李化启,等.青藏高原东缘哀牢山-金沙江构造带糜棱状花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及其构造意义[J].地质学报,2010,84(3):357-369.
[14]张玉泉,夏斌,梁华英,等.云南大平糜棱岩化碱性花岗岩的锆石特征及其地质意义[J].高校地质学报,2004:10(3):378-384.
[15]李宝龙,季建清,付孝悦,等.滇西点苍山—哀牢山变质岩系锆石SHRIMP定年及其地质意义[J].岩石学报,2008,24(10):2 322-2 330.
[16]潘桂棠,陈智梁,李兴振,等.东特提斯地质构造形成演化[M].北京:地质出版社,1997:172-183.
[17]沈上越,冯庆来,刘本培,等.三江地区南澜沧江带火山岩构造岩浆类型[J].矿物岩石,2002,22(3):66-71.
[18]尹福光,潘桂棠,万方,等.西南“三江”造山带大地构造相[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2006,26(4):33-39.
[19]钟大赉.滇川西部古特提斯造山带[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:1-232.
[20]罗君烈.滇西特提斯造山带的演化及基本特征[J].云南地质,1990,9(4):247-290.
[21]邹光富,王鹏,牛浩斌,等.滇西北衙金多金属矿床控矿因素与找矿方向[J].地质学报,2013,87(Supp):178-182.
[22]程彦博,毛景文,谢桂青,等.与云南个旧超大型锡矿床有关的花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年及意义[J].矿床地质,2009,28(3):297-312.
[23]侯增谦,莫宜学.义敦岛弧形成演化及其对三江地区黑矿型块状硫化物矿床的控制作用[J].地球科学,1991,16(2):153-164.
[24]李文昌,潘桂棠,侯增谦,等.西南“三江”多岛弧盆-碰撞造山成矿理论与勘查技术[M].北京:地质出版社,2010,1-266.
[25]魏君奇,陈开旭.金沙江蛇绿岩带蛇纹岩中异剥钙榴岩的成因及意义[J].矿物岩石,2003,23(4):70-73.
[26]Tapponnier P,Lacassin R,Lelop P H,et al.The Ailao Shan/Red River metamorphic belt:Tertiary left-lateral shear between Indochina and South China[J].Nature,1990,343:431-437.
[27]王立全,侯增谦,莫宣学,等.金沙江造山带碰撞后地壳伸展背景—火山成因块状硫化物矿床的重要成矿环境[J].地质学报,2002,76(4):541-556.
[28]孙晓明,熊德信,石贵勇,等.云南哀牢山金矿带大坪韧性剪切带型金矿40 Ar-39 Ar定年[J].地质学报,2007,81(1):88-93.
[29]张继武,吴军,李昌寿,等.云南镇沅老王寨金矿床地质特征及成因探讨[J].黄金,2010,31(6):19-23.
[30]杨平,徐云端,程勘,等.马亚雄云南墨江金厂金矿床成矿条件及找矿方向[J].矿物学报,2013,33(4):585-591.
[31]王立全,李定谋,管士平,等.云南德钦鲁春-红坡牛场上叠裂谷盆地演化[J].矿物岩石,2001,21(3):81-89.
[32]马鸿文.藏东玉龙斑岩铜矿带花岗岩类与成矿[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,1994,1-158.
[33]唐仁鲤,罗怀松.西藏玉龙斑岩铜(钼)矿带地质[M].北京:地质出版社,1995,1-320.
[34]王登红,屈文俊,李志伟,等.金沙江-红河成矿带斑岩铜钼矿的成矿集中期:Re-Os同位素定年[J].中国科学(D辑),2004,34(4):345-349.
[35]胡云中,王海平,唐尚鹑.哀牢山金矿地质[M].北京:地质出版社,1995,1-278.
[36]王安建,曹殿华,高兰,等.论云南兰坪金顶超大型铅锌矿床的成因[J].地质学报,2009,83(1):43-54.
[37]沈上越,冯庆来,魏启荣,等.南澜沧江带北段上二叠统陆缘弧火山岩的厘定[J].矿物岩石,2006,26(2):35-39.
[38]莫宣学,路风香,沈上越.三江特提斯火山作用与成矿[M].北京:地质出版社,1993,1-267.
[39]陶琰,胡瑞忠,朱飞霖,等.云南保山核桃坪铅锌矿成矿年龄及动力学背景分析[J].岩石学报,2010,26(06):1 760-1 772.
[40]邹光富,毛英,林仕良,等.滇西粱河勐养花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].矿物岩石,2013,23(1):87-89.