甘薯对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫趋化性的影响
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摘要
由马铃薯腐烂茎线虫侵染造成的甘薯茎线虫病是一种严重影响甘薯产量和品质的病害。线虫向寄主根部移动及取食危害可能是受寄主释放的化感信息物质控制。为最终明确甘薯中对线虫具有高效引诱能力的物质,本研究利用水琼脂平板法测试了甘薯不同品种与不同组织对线虫的引诱作用。结果表明不同品种甘薯薯块和薯茎对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫引诱能力具有一定差异,感线虫品种栗子香的薯块对线虫的引诱率要高于其他测试品种。随着薯块/薯茎在水琼脂平板上放置时间延长,其吸引线虫的效果增加,96 h后引诱率达到20%。同一品种甘薯茎的引诱能力显著高于薯块、薯叶。甘薯中所含对线虫具引诱作用的活性物质对热稳定,80℃加热8 h后薯茎对线虫引诱率与新鲜茎相比无显著差异,为4.5%。甘薯茎经过不同有机溶剂分别萃取后,乙醇萃取物对线虫的引诱率为6.7%,显著高于其他萃取物。本文初步明确了甘薯中所含线虫趋化物的性质,为其开发应用奠定了基础。
The potato rot nematode,Ditylenchus destructor Thorne could cause severe damage to sweet potato.Phytochemicals of host plant play important roles in nematode behavior.In order to obtain extracts with high attraction activity to D.destructor,the chemotaxis of D.destructor to different sweet potato cultivars were investigated on water agar plates.The results showed that the storage roots of susceptible cultivars Lizixiang were signif icantly more attractive than the other cultivars.Sweetpotato was consistently attractive to the nematodes in all these assays.Nematodes around the sweet potato increased with the resident time,and the chemotaxis index reached 20% after 96 h.Compared with the stem sap,leaves and storage roots,stems showed the strongest attraction ability to nematodes.No significant differences in relat ive attractiveness were detected between the fresh sweet potato stems and the stems that heated at 80 ℃ for 8 h,indicating that the attractant from sweetpotato was stable to heat.Furthermore,the compounds of sweet potato were extracted and determined in relation to the host-finding behavior of the nematode.The chemotaxis index of the fraction extracted with alcohol was 6.7%,which were significantly more attractive than the other fractions.
The potato rot nematode,Ditylenchus destructor Thorne could cause severe damage to sweet potato.Phytochemicals of host plant play important roles in nematode behavior.In order to obtain extracts with high attraction activity to D.destructor,the chemotaxis of D.destructor to different sweet potato cultivars were investigated on water agar plates.The results showed that the storage roots of susceptible cultivars Lizixiang were signif icantly more attractive than the other cultivars.Sweetpotato was consistently attractive to the nematodes in all these assays.Nematodes around the sweet potato increased with the resident time,and the chemotaxis index reached 20% after 96 h.Compared with the stem sap,leaves and storage roots,stems showed the strongest attraction ability to nematodes.No significant differences in relat ive attractiveness were detected between the fresh sweet potato stems and the stems that heated at 80 ℃ for 8 h,indicating that the attractant from sweetpotato was stable to heat.Furthermore,the compounds of sweet potato were extracted and determined in relation to the host-finding behavior of the nematode.The chemotaxis index of the fraction extracted with alcohol was 6.7%,which were significantly more attractive than the other fractions.
引文
[1]周忠,马代夫.甘薯茎线虫病的研究现状和展望[J].杂粮作物,2003,23(5):288-290.
[2]李云龙,杨建国,彭德良,等.蒸汽熏蒸防治甘薯茎线虫病效果初报[J].植物保护,2013,39(2):192-195.
[3]Sturhan D,Brzeski M W.Stem and Bulb Nematodes,Ditylenchus spp.//Nickle W R ed.Manual of Agricultural Nematology[M].New York:Marcel Dekker,1991,423-464.
[4]Ali J G,Alborn H T,Stelinski L L.Constitutive and induced subterranean pl ant volatiles attract both entomopathogenic and plant parasitic nematodes[J].Journal of Ecology,2011,99(1):26-35.
[5]Riga E.Orientation Behavior//Gaugler R,Bilgrami AL,eds.Nematode Behaviour[M].Wallingford,UK:CABI publishing,2004,63-90.
[6]Croll N A.The Behavior of Nematode:Their Activity,Senses and Responses[M].London:Edward Arnold Ltd.,1970,117.
[7]Spiegel Y,Burrows P M,Bar-Eyal M.A chemo attractant in onion root exudates recognized by Ditylenchus dipsaci in laboratory bioassay[J].Phytopathology,2003,93:127-132.
[8]龙瑞敏.松材线虫移行的研究和灰葡萄抱菌液中活性物质的提取及其对松材线虫的诱引[D].厦门:厦门大学,2007.
[9]张田园,牛秋红,应树松,等.细菌Bacillus sp.NS-3和灰葡萄孢对松材线虫的诱引[J].南阳师范学院学报,2011,10(6):47-50.
[10]Mamiya Y.Attraction of the pinewood nematode to mycelium of some wood-decay fungi[J].Japanese Journal of Nematology,2006,36(1):1-9.
[11]徐振,杨冬静,张成玲,等.甘薯茎线虫(Ditylenchus destructor)对甘薯定向行为研究[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(1):146-149.
[12]马娟,李秀花,王容燕,等.几种真菌对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫趋化性的影响及其引诱物质的初步分析[J].中国生物防治学报,2015,31(1):123-129.
[13]Wang C,Bruening G,Williamson V M.Determination of preferred pH for root-knot nematode aggregation using pluronic F-127 gel[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,2009,35(10):1242-1251.
[14]Rasmann S,Ali J G,Helder J,et al.Ecology and evolution of soil nematode chemotaxis[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,2012,38(6):615-628.
[15]Wang H,Mao J,Li R,et al.A culture technique for Ditylenchus destructor on sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas)[J].Nematology,2016,18(4):501-503.
[16]O'halloran D M,Burnell A M.An investigation of chemotaxis in the insect parasitic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora[J].Parasitology,2003,127(4):375-385.
[17]林茂松,贺丽敏,文玲,等.甘薯形态结构对茎线虫病的抗性机制[J].中国农业科学,1996,29(3):8-12.
[18]郭小丁,谢一芝,贾赵东,等.甘薯茎线虫病田间抗性评价体系探讨[J].江苏农业科学,2011,39(1):123-125.
[19]刘维志.病原植物线虫学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[20]Wang Y,Kays S J.Sweetpotato volatile chemistry in relation to sweet potato weevil(Cylas formicarius elegantulus)behavior[J].Journal of the Ameri can Society for Horticultural Science,2002,127(4):656-662.
[21]郑雅楠,杨忠岐,王小艺,等.植物寄生线虫的化学趋性[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(3):837-842.
[22]Robinson A F.Optimal release rates for attracting Meloidogyne incognita,Rotylenchulus reniformis and other nematodes to carbon dioxide in sand[J].Journal of Nematology,1995,27(1):42-50.
[23]Jaffe H,Huettel N R,Demilo A B,et al.Isolation and identification of a compound from soybean cyst nematode,Heterodera glycines,with sex pheromone activity[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1989,15:2031-2043.
[24]漆永红,孟丽,吕和平,等.盐类对南方根结线虫迁移能力和侵入能力的影响[J].植物保护学报,2015,42(4):639-644.
[25]Reynolds A M,Dutta T K,Curtis R H C.Chemotaxis can take plant-parasitic nematodes to the source of a chemo-attractant via the shortest possible routes[J].Journal of the Royal Society,2011,8:568-577.
[26]Xu Z,Zhao Y Q,Yang D J,et al.Attractant and repellent effects of sweet potato root exudates on the potato rot nematode,Ditylenchus destructor[J].Nematology,2015,17(1):117-124.
[2]李云龙,杨建国,彭德良,等.蒸汽熏蒸防治甘薯茎线虫病效果初报[J].植物保护,2013,39(2):192-195.
[3]Sturhan D,Brzeski M W.Stem and Bulb Nematodes,Ditylenchus spp.//Nickle W R ed.Manual of Agricultural Nematology[M].New York:Marcel Dekker,1991,423-464.
[4]Ali J G,Alborn H T,Stelinski L L.Constitutive and induced subterranean pl ant volatiles attract both entomopathogenic and plant parasitic nematodes[J].Journal of Ecology,2011,99(1):26-35.
[5]Riga E.Orientation Behavior//Gaugler R,Bilgrami AL,eds.Nematode Behaviour[M].Wallingford,UK:CABI publishing,2004,63-90.
[6]Croll N A.The Behavior of Nematode:Their Activity,Senses and Responses[M].London:Edward Arnold Ltd.,1970,117.
[7]Spiegel Y,Burrows P M,Bar-Eyal M.A chemo attractant in onion root exudates recognized by Ditylenchus dipsaci in laboratory bioassay[J].Phytopathology,2003,93:127-132.
[8]龙瑞敏.松材线虫移行的研究和灰葡萄抱菌液中活性物质的提取及其对松材线虫的诱引[D].厦门:厦门大学,2007.
[9]张田园,牛秋红,应树松,等.细菌Bacillus sp.NS-3和灰葡萄孢对松材线虫的诱引[J].南阳师范学院学报,2011,10(6):47-50.
[10]Mamiya Y.Attraction of the pinewood nematode to mycelium of some wood-decay fungi[J].Japanese Journal of Nematology,2006,36(1):1-9.
[11]徐振,杨冬静,张成玲,等.甘薯茎线虫(Ditylenchus destructor)对甘薯定向行为研究[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(1):146-149.
[12]马娟,李秀花,王容燕,等.几种真菌对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫趋化性的影响及其引诱物质的初步分析[J].中国生物防治学报,2015,31(1):123-129.
[13]Wang C,Bruening G,Williamson V M.Determination of preferred pH for root-knot nematode aggregation using pluronic F-127 gel[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,2009,35(10):1242-1251.
[14]Rasmann S,Ali J G,Helder J,et al.Ecology and evolution of soil nematode chemotaxis[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,2012,38(6):615-628.
[15]Wang H,Mao J,Li R,et al.A culture technique for Ditylenchus destructor on sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas)[J].Nematology,2016,18(4):501-503.
[16]O'halloran D M,Burnell A M.An investigation of chemotaxis in the insect parasitic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora[J].Parasitology,2003,127(4):375-385.
[17]林茂松,贺丽敏,文玲,等.甘薯形态结构对茎线虫病的抗性机制[J].中国农业科学,1996,29(3):8-12.
[18]郭小丁,谢一芝,贾赵东,等.甘薯茎线虫病田间抗性评价体系探讨[J].江苏农业科学,2011,39(1):123-125.
[19]刘维志.病原植物线虫学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[20]Wang Y,Kays S J.Sweetpotato volatile chemistry in relation to sweet potato weevil(Cylas formicarius elegantulus)behavior[J].Journal of the Ameri can Society for Horticultural Science,2002,127(4):656-662.
[21]郑雅楠,杨忠岐,王小艺,等.植物寄生线虫的化学趋性[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(3):837-842.
[22]Robinson A F.Optimal release rates for attracting Meloidogyne incognita,Rotylenchulus reniformis and other nematodes to carbon dioxide in sand[J].Journal of Nematology,1995,27(1):42-50.
[23]Jaffe H,Huettel N R,Demilo A B,et al.Isolation and identification of a compound from soybean cyst nematode,Heterodera glycines,with sex pheromone activity[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1989,15:2031-2043.
[24]漆永红,孟丽,吕和平,等.盐类对南方根结线虫迁移能力和侵入能力的影响[J].植物保护学报,2015,42(4):639-644.
[25]Reynolds A M,Dutta T K,Curtis R H C.Chemotaxis can take plant-parasitic nematodes to the source of a chemo-attractant via the shortest possible routes[J].Journal of the Royal Society,2011,8:568-577.
[26]Xu Z,Zhao Y Q,Yang D J,et al.Attractant and repellent effects of sweet potato root exudates on the potato rot nematode,Ditylenchus destructor[J].Nematology,2015,17(1):117-124.